Wireless Communications for Power Substations: RF Characterization and Modeling PDF
Preview Wireless Communications for Power Substations: RF Characterization and Modeling
Wireless Networks Basile L. Agba · Fabien Sacuto · Minh Au Fabrice Labeau · François Gagnon Wireless Communications for Power Substations: RF Characterization and Modeling Wireless Networks Serieseditor XueminShermanShen UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,Ontario,Canada Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/14180 Basile L. Agba • Fabien Sacuto (cid:129) Minh Au Fabrice Labeau (cid:129) François Gagnon Wireless Communications for Power Substations: RF Characterization and Modeling 123 BasileL.Agba FabienSacuto Hydro-Québec’sResearchInstitute McGillUniversity Varennes,QC,Canada Montreal,QC,Canada MinhAu FabriceLabeau Hydro-Québec’sResearchInstitute McGillUniversity Varennes,QC,Canada Montreal,QC,Canada FrançoisGagnon ÉcoledeTechnologieSupérieure Montreal,QC,Canada ISSN2366-1186 ISSN2366-1445 (electronic) WirelessNetworks ISBN978-3-319-91327-8 ISBN978-3-319-91328-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91328-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018942024 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerInternationalPublishingAGpart ofSpringerNature. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Tomymother,Kinam,forguiding myfirst stepstowardscuriosity;Tomywife,Clotilde, andmydaughters,DoraandEurielle,for theirlove! BasileL.Agba Tomyparents,AnnyandRomain,andmy sister,Aurore,foralltheirloveandsupport. FabienSacuto Dedicatedtomymother,Loan,myrelatives andfriendswhohaveenduredmylackof attention; Tothosewhoinspireme. MinhAu ToJehanne,Marine,andAméliefortheir unwaveringloveandsupport. FabriceLabeau Tomyfamily,whichalsoincludesallwho wanttocontributetoourwell-beingthrough creatingandsharingknowledge. FrançoisGagnon Foreword Theelectricindustryexperiencedmajortransformationsdrivenbytheimperativeof theenergytransitionandenvironmentalconstraintsinthecontextofclimatechange. Attheheartofthesetransformations,theadventofdigitaltechnologieswillsupport an ever-growing flow of data and information in an increasingly connected world. Theevolutionofthesubstations,nervecentersthatoperateandmanagethepower grid,doesnotescapefromthisreality.Toaddressthesechallenges,communication technologies including wireless technologies are an essential lever. The book you haveinhandsispartofthiscontext. As managers in charge of innovation, we are on the lookout for cutting- edge innovative technologies that improve significantly reliability, efficiency, and resiliency of the electric grid. It is therefore an honor to introduce the authors of this book on the frontier of electrical engineering and telecommunications. The authors are scientists with extensive experience in these aforementioned scientific disciplines.Indeed,amongtheauthors,youwillfind: (cid:129) IndustrialChairsholderswhohavedemonstratedtheircommitmentoverthepast years, during which their research has resolved major operational and practical problems. The many awards they have received from the scientific community andindustrialcommitteesreflecttheimportanceoftheircontributions. (cid:129) Researchers and engineers who combine several years of practice in industry, specifically in the electrical industry, provide a pragmatic vision that takes into account the specific criticality and reliability that are required to operate in the electricity grid. Through peer recognition of their contributions, they have establishedapositiveinfluenceontheirdiscipline. This book is also a successful example of the synergy between academia and industrythatwewishtopersonallyacknowledge. Throughoutthebook,youwillfindwhathasbeenachievedoverthelast5years. Wepersonallyconvincedthattheauthorsarefeaturedprominentlyforwritingthis book. The central topic of the book is the deployment of wireless technologies in environments with strong impulsive noise disturbance. This problem is even vii viii Foreword more important considering the rapid and the increasing demands of sensors and intelligentelectronicdevicesintheseenvironments.Wirelesssensornetworksoffer significantbenefitsthatwillserve,ontheonehand,toinquirethecurrentcondition oftheequipmentforpurposesofcontinuityandpreventivemaintenanceand,onthe other hand, to monitor and control them remotely. Besides an excellent review of thestateoftheart,thebookcoverstwoessentialaspects: (cid:129) Howtoconductasafemeasurementcampaigninahigh-voltageenvironmentand whataretheappropriateradiofrequencycharacterizationtechniques. (cid:129) Howtoderiveanalyticalmodelsfromthecharacterizationaswellasquantifiable parameterstousefordifferentsubstationvoltagelevel. We strongly recommend this book for practitioners of substations automation andmoregenerallytothosewhowishorarewillingtodeploywirelesssystemsin industrialenvironmentshighlydisturbedbyelectromagneticinterference.Theywill findvaluabletoolsandtipstooptimizethedesignofsuchsystemsforachievinghigh performanceandreducingtheriskofmalfunction.Inthisbook,theauthorspropose analyticalmodelsthatcanemulatetheseharshandhostileenvironments.Thesecan in turn be used for the deployment of new applications without the resources and timeconstraintsofmeasurementcampaignsandcharacterization.Finally,scientists, students,andsimplycuriousreaderswillleveragetheirknowledgeonbothelectrical engineeringandtelecommunications. Concise and easy to read, at the end the issue of the wireless infrastructure deploymentinsubstationsandtheproposedsolutionswillhavenosecretsforyou. Enjoyyourreading! PrincipalDirector JeanMatte Institutderecherched’Hydro-Québec Varennes,QC,Canada February2018 President RéalLaporte Hydro-Québec-Innovation,équipementetservicespartagés Montreal,QC,Canada Preface In the context of the next generation of electric grids, called smart grids, the use of modern and advanced communication systems in high-voltage substations can significantlyimprovetheefficiency,reliability,andsafetyoftheelectricpowergrid. Indeed, the deployment of intelligent sensor networks allows for the development ofamoreefficient,rapid,andautomatedremotemonitoring,control,anddiagnosis in major pieces of high-voltage equipment in substations: current, potential, and powertransformers,circuitbreakers,andhigh-voltagedisconnectors.Workersand maintenancesupervisorsonhigh-voltagesubstationsitesrequiremoreinformation from major high-voltage (HV) equipment, such as power transformers and circuit breakers, to be collected via a network of electronic intelligent devices. However, using wired sensor networks might be complex to manage in terms of wiring complexity,costreduction,andeaseofdeployment.Wirelesssensornetworksoffer significant benefits in this area. Unfortunately, high-voltage substations are harsh andhostileenvironmentswhosewirelesscommunicationsystemscanbeinterfered tosuchanextentastorendertheirperformancesseverelydegraded. This book aims to provide a general overview of electromagnetic interferences (EMI) and describe the measurement and characterization methods associated with them, in keeping with the latest research. Impulsive noise phenomenon in substations is particularly emphasized. A review of related literature shows the impact of impulsive EMI sources on wireless communications; namely, that performance can be severely degraded in these special environments. Through the literature review, existing (partial discharge) PD characterization methods do not assessifelectromagnetic radiationfromPDactivityisasource ofinterference for theradiocommunicationsystemsoperatingintheindustrial,scientific,andmedical (ISM) radio bands and existing impulsive noise models cannot link the physical characteristics of high-voltage installations to the induced radio interference spec- trumneither. Access to power substations is very limited, even for the staff of electricity providers.Despitetheaccesslimitation,wehavemanagedtomeasureRFnoisein several substations and we have recorded around 120 sequences of noise samples. TheworkweproposedoesnotonlyprovideinformationregardingRFnoisewithin ix x Preface substations,butitalsoprovidesthemeanstoreplicatesuchanoiseusingdifferent statisticalmodels.Wepresentclassicstatisticalmodelsforimpulsivenoiseandour own models. In addition to the noise modeling, we also provide parameters that canbeusedtoreplicatearepresentativeimpulsivenoisecharacterizingasubstation workingunderaspecificvoltage.Ourgoalistoprovidethemeansforanyonewho wants tosimulateawirelesscommunication withinpower substationtobe ableto dosowithouthavingtoperformanymeasurements;theonlyinformationthereader wouldrequireisthepowerequipmentvoltageandthewirelesstechnologyhewants totest. ThisbookproposesnewcharacterizationmethodsofEMIphenomenainsubsta- tions.Thisaimstoprovideanoninvasivemeasurementanddetectionmethodforthe characterizationoftheelectromagneticradiationsinducedbyPDs.Thisinformation can then be applied towards the development of rapid online remote monitoring anddiagnostictoolsin(high-voltage)HVequipment,and/orforcharacterizingand modelingwirelesschannelsinsubstations.Theseimpulsiveinterferencesaremea- suredusingawidebandantennasurroundedbyHVequipmentinnormaloperation. ThisisacompleteandcoherentapproachthatlinksphysicalcharacteristicsofPDs to the induced radio interference spectrum and may be used in the design of new remotecontrolandmonitoringsystemsviawirelessIED(WIED),aswellasforthe performanceanalysisofwirelesscommunications. Thebookisaimedatreadersworkinginelectricalengineering,powerengineer- ing, telecommunications, and automation. The reader profile is mostly industrial, but readers from academia may also be interested, since research in smart grid is becoming more and more popular among electrical, computer, and mechanical engineeringdepartmentsinuniversities. Theprimaryaudienceofthismonographaretheelectricalandpowerengineering industry, electricity providers, and all companies who are interested in substation automation systems using wireless communication technologies for smart grid applications. However, high-voltage substations are considered harsh and hostile environments for wireless communication systems due to impulsive interferences. Thisbookaimstogiveanoverviewofmostrecentresearchoncharacterizationand channel modeling in power substations. These results may be used in the design of new remote control and monitoring systems, as well as for the performance analysisofwirelesscommunications.Thisbookwillproviderecentcontributionsto thedeploymentofwirelesscommunicationsystemsinsubstationswheresignificant improvement in protection, control, automation, and monitoring applications in high-voltageequipmentcanbeachieved. Academic researchers will also be interested in this topic because wireless communications within power substations are increasingly becoming the subject ofcollaborationsbetweenindustriesanduniversitiesforthesmartgrid.Researchers andengineerswithawirelesscommunicationbackground(industrialoracademic) will also be interested in this work. In particular, for wireless or other com- munication systems that are impaired by such a harsh and hostile impulsive interferences.Thisworkisnotonlylimitedtosubstationenvironments.Itisintended for researchers and engineers who aim to design devices that need to deal with
The list of books you might like
