What is life? : the physical aspect of the living cell ; with Mind and matter ; & Autobiographical sketches PDF
Preview What is life? : the physical aspect of the living cell ; with Mind and matter ; & Autobiographical sketches
WHAT IS LIFE? with MIND AND MATTER & AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES This page intentionally left blank WHAT IS LIFE? The PhysicalAspectofthe Living Cell with MIND AND MATTER & AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ERWIN SCHRODINGER UCAMBRIDGE . :J~ UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge,New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sa~o Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building,Cambridge cb2 8ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107604667 What is Life?andMind and Matter © Cambridge University Press 1967 WHAT IS LIFE? First published 1944 Reprinted 1945, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1962 MINDANDMATTER First published 1958 Reprinted 1959 Combined reprint 1967 Canto edition with Autobiographical Sketches and Foreword to What is Life?by Roger Penrose © Cambridge University Press 1992 First printed 1992 14th printing2013 Printed and bound by CPI GGroup ((UK) )Ltd, Croydon, cr 04yy isbn 978-1-107-60466-7 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents WHAT IS LIFE? Preface page 1 ' I THE CLASSICAL PHYSICISTS APPROACH TO THE SUBJECT 3 The genercahla racatnerdt hep urposoeft hei nvestig-ation Statistpihcyasli Tchse. f undamendtiaflf ereinnsc ter uct-ure The naivpeh ysiciasptp'rso acthot hes ubje-cWth y aret he atomsso s mal-lT?h e workinogfa no rganirsemq uireexsa ct physiclaalw s-Physiclaalw rse sotn a tomisct atisatnidca sr e therefoonrleya pproxima-tTeh eiprr ecisiisob na seodn t he largneu mbeorf a tomisn terven1isnetgx .a mpl(ep aramagnet ism-) znde xampl(eB rownimaonv ementd,i ffus-io3nr)d V exampl(el imiotfas c curaocfmy e asuri-nTgh)e n rule 2 THE HEREDITARY MECHANISM '9 The classipchayls iciesxtp'esc tatfiaorfn r,o mb eintgr iviiasl , wrongT-he hereditcaordye -sc(rcihprto moso-meGsr)owth oft heb odyb y celdli vision (m-iItons miist)o sis every chromosoimsed uplicatReedd-uctidviev isi(omne iosis) and fertiliz(astyinogna m-yH)a ploiidn dividuTahleso -utstand ingr elevaonfct eh er eductdiivvei s-ioCnrossing-oLvoecra. tioonf p ropertiMeasx-imums izoefa geneS-malnlu mbers -Permanence VI Contents 3 MUTATIONS 32 'Jump-lmiuktea't iso-nthew orking-groofun nadt ursaell ec tio-n Theyb reetdr uei,. et.h eya rep erfecitnlhye ri-ted LocalizatRieocne.s siavnidtD yo minance- Introdsuocmien g technilcaanlg ua-gTeh e harmfuelff ecotf c lose-bre-eding Generaaln dh istorriceamla r-ksT he necessoiftm yu tation beinag r areev en-tMutatioinnsd ucebdyX -raysF-irslta w. Mutatiionsa singelvee ntS-econlda wL.o calizaotfit ohne event 4 T H E Q U A N T U M -M E CV IH DA EN NI CC EA 4L6 E Permanenucnee xplainbaybc llea ssipchayls i-csE xplicable by quantumt heor-yQ uantumt heor-yd iscresttea t-es quantujmu mp-s Molecul-eTsh eirs tabildietpye ndeonnt temperat-uMraet hematiicnatle rl-udFei rsatm endmen-t Seconadm endment 5 DELBRUCK'S MODEL DISCUSSED AND TESTED 56 Theg enerpailc tuorfte h eh ereditsaurbys tanTchee-u nique nesso ft hep ictu-reS ome traditional misco-nceptions Differen'ts tatoefsm 'a tte-r The distincttihoantr eally matte-rsT he aperiodsiocl i-dT he varieotfyc ontents compressiendt hem iniatucroed -e Compariswoint hf acts: degreoef s tabildiitsyc;o ntinoufmi uttya tio-nSst abiloift y naturaslellye ctgeedn e-sT he sometimes lsotwaebri loift y mutant-sT emperatuirnefl uencuenss tabgleen else stsh an stabolnee sH-ow X-raypsr oducmeu tati-oTnheierffi ciency doesn otd ependo n spontaneomuust abil-itRye versible mutations 6 ORDER, DISORDER AND ENTROPY 67 A remarkabgleen ercaol nclusfiroonm t hem ode-l Order baseodn o rde-rL ivinmga tteerv adetsh ed ecatyo e quilib riu-mItf eedosn ' negateinvter o-pyW'hati se ntropyT?h-e Contents VII statistmiecaanli nogf e ntro-pyOrganizatmiaoinn tainbeyd extract'ionrgd efrr'o mt hee nvironment 7 I S L I F E B0 NA TS HE ED W LS A0 F P H Y S? I C76 S New lawst ob e expectiendt heo rgani-smR eviewitnhge biologisciatlu at-iSounm marizitnhge p hysicsailt uat-ion The strikcionngt r-asTtw o wayso fp roducionrgd erli-ness The newp rinciipsln eo ta lietno p hysi-cTsh e motioonf a cloc-kC lockwoarfkt earl ls tatis-tNiecranls tT'hse ore-m The pendulucml ociks v irtuaaltlz ye rot emperat-uTrhee relatbieotnw eecnl ockwoarnkdo rganism E P I0 GL U .E 0 N D E T E R M I N I S M W AI NL DL 8F6 R E E MIND AN D MATTE R I THE PH Y SICA L ABS I S 0 F C0 N SCI0 USNE S S 93 Thep robleAm -tentatainvsew erE-thics 0 2 THE FUTURE OF UNDERSTANDING I3 A biologibclailna dl leyT?h-e apparegnlto oomf D arwinism - Behavioiunrfl uencseesl ect-ioFne igneLda marcki-sm Genetifci xatoifoh na bitasn ds kil-lDsa ngertsoi ntellectual evolution 3 THE PRINCIPLEO F OBJECTIVATION IJ7 4 THE ARITHMETICAL PARADOX: THE ONENESS OF MIND I28 0 5 SCIENCEA ND RELIGION I4 Contents VIII 6 THE MYSTERY 0 F THE SENSUAL QUALITIES I5 3 AUT OBIOGRAPHI CA L SKET CHES r65 TranslabtyeS dc hrodgeirn'gsr anddaghuteVre rena
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