Ways of Living: Work, Community and Lifestyle Choice

339 Pages·2009·2.64 MB·English

by  Paul Blyton, Betsy Blunsdon, Ken Reed

Ways of Living
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10.1057/9780230273993 - Ways of Living, Edited by Paul Blyton, Betsy Blunsdon, Ken Reed and Ali Dastmalchian
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Ways of Living
Work, Community and Lifestyle Choice
Edited By
Paul Blyton
Professor of Industrial Relations and Industrial Sociology, Cardiff Business School,
Cardiff University, UK
Betsy Blunsdon
Senior Lecturer, School of Management, Deakin University, Australia
Ken Reed
Associate Professor, School of Management, Deakin University, Australia
Ali Dastmalchian
Dean, Faculty of Business, University of Victoria, Canada
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Selection and editorial content © Paul Blyton, Betsy Blunsdon,
Ken Reed and Ali Dastmalchian 2010
Individual chapters © the contributors 2010
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work
in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2010 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
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ISBN: 978–0–230–20228–3 hardback
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Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
Preface ix
Contributors x
1 Social Change and Ways of Living: An Introduction 1
Betsy Blunsdon, Ken Reed, Paul Blyton and Ali Dastmalchian
Part I Lifestyle and Identity
2 A n Analysis of Time Use to Reveal National Differences
in Lifestyle Patterns 17
Ken Reed and Guy Cucumel
3 Households, Work, Time Use and Energy Consumption 33
Steven McEachern
4 Longer to Launch: Demographic Changes in Life-Course
Transitions 75
Rosemary A. Venne
5 Fortunate Lives: Professional Careers, Social Position
and Life Choices 99
Tanya Castleman and Rosslyn Reed
6 ‘ Live to Work or Work to Live?’ The Search for
Work-life Balance in Twenty-first Century Japan 120
Tim Craig
Part II Community
7 Personal Communities and Lifestyle: The Role of
Family, Friends and Neighbours 147
Betsy Blunsdon and Nicola McNeil
8 T o Downshift or Not to Downshift? Why People Make
and don’t Make Decisions to Change their Lives 175
Carmel Goulding and Ken Reed
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vi Contents
9 W ays of Life after Redundancy: Anatomy of a Community
Following Factory Closure 202
Paul Blyton and Jean Jenkins
Part III Work and Organisations
10 W hat Do (And Don’t) We Know About Part-Time
Professional Work? 223
Vivien Corwin
11 W ork Values Across Cultures: The Role of Affect and
Job Outcomes among Young Executives in Canada,
Iran and Turkey 241
Hayat Kabasakal, Pinar Imer and Ali Dastmalchian
12 D esigning for Well-Being: The Role of the Physical
Work Environment 267
Claudia Steinke, Rei Kurosawa and Ali Dastmalchian
13 S hifting Responsibility for Health and Healthy
Lifestyles: Exploring Canadian Trends 288
A ngela Downey, Ali Dastmalchian, Helen M. Kelley,
David Sharp and Kristene D’Agnone
Index 311
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Tables
2.1 S ample sizes and numbers within each socio-
demographic group, by country 24
2.2 L ist of activities 25
2.3 S ocio-demographic differences in activity, by country 31
3.1 D escriptive statistics for data used in analysis 46
3.2 Linear regression of time spent on other activities,
by household type 51
3.3 L inear regression of log (gross household income)
on time use activities, by household type 52
4.1 E ducation enrolment (full and part-time) of
20–29 year olds (as a per cent of 20–29 year olds) 84
4.2 P ercentage of population aged 25–34 with
post-secondary education 84
4.3 P er cent of young adults living at home: Canada,
U.S., and U.K. 86
4.4 M ean or median age at first marriage 88
4.5 T otal fertility rate 89
4.6 K ey population statistics – Canada, U.S., U.K.
and Sweden, 2008 89
6.1 W orkers’ compensation claims, 2002–0632 131
7.1 Coding schema for content analysis of interviews 157
8.1 D emographic details of study sample 183
11.1 Loadings from factor analysis of items assessing
work values 250
11.2 Means, standard deviations, Cronbach alphas and
intercorrelations among study variables* (n=20) 253
11.3 Regression analyses results for job satisfaction
as the dependent variable 254
11.4 Regression analyses results for performance
as the dependent variable 256
11.5 M eans comparisons (analysis of variance) and
multiple comparisons (Scheffé tests) between
Turkey, Iran and Canada 257
12.1 R esults of the principal components analysis (n=180) 281
12.2 Descriptive statistics (aggregated measures; n=180) 283
13.1 T he incidence of workplace health activities, 1996 and 2006 303
vii
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Figures
2.1 All four countries – dimensions 1 X 2 27
2.2 All four countries – dimensions 1 X 3 28
2.3 Age and gender differences in activity – Canada 29
2.4 Age and gender differences in activity – U.K. 29
2.5 Age and gender differences in activity – Australia 30
2.6 Age and gender differences in activity – France 30
3.1 A model of time use, income and energy consumption 34
3.2 P roportion of time spent in different locations in an
average day by Australians 36
3.3 P roportion of time spent with particular groups in
different locations in an average day by Australians 38
3.4 H ousehold expenditure on electricity per annum
by gross household income level 50
3.5 R elationships between time use, income and
electricity expenditure – all households 55
3.6 R elationship between time use, income and
electricity expenditure – by household type 56–57
3.7 R elationship between time use, income and
expenditure on motor vehicle fuel – by household type 58–59
4.1 M edian age of first marriage in the U.S. 1950–2006 87
6.1 G eneric model of the influences and outcomes
of individuals’ work-life choices 122
6.2 Applied model: the influences and outcomes
of individuals’ work-life choices in Japan 125
8.1 Key influences on lifestyle change 191
8.2 T he life trajectory of a lifestyle changer – common
themes and patterns 194
viii
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Preface
The chapters in this volume were presented at an international
c olloquium held in Melbourne in December 2008. Four years earlier
the same editorial team organised a similar event which resulted in the
publication of Work-Life Integration: International Perspectives on the
Balancing of Multiple Roles (Palgrave Macmillan, 2006). We found the
experience of bringing the chapter authors together for discussion and
reflection prior to chapter finalisation to be both productive and mean-
ingful, and therefore wanted to utilise this approach again. However,
unlike the earlier publication, which was squarely focused on the issue
of work-life balance, what we became increasingly aware of in the inter-
vening period was the greater need to situate continuing work-life dis-
cussions within a broader context.
We have sought to do this by inviting contributors to write chapters
on a series of issues which help shape the contexts within which people
develop and experience the relationship between their paid work lives
and their lives outside work. These include chapters that explore values,
identity and community, ones that examine how people use their time,
and ones that consider the role that work organisations – their policies,
practices and physical design – play in individual well-being. Overall we
hope that this combination stimulates further interest in exploring the
broader contexts within which the relationship between work and non-
work lives are located.
Paul Blyton
Betsy Blunsdon
Ken Reed
Ali Dastmalchian
Cardiff, Melbourne and Victoria, May 2009
ix
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