Volume 14 Edited by Adam Nalepka, Anna Ujwary-Gil BUSINESS AND NON-PROFIT ...

244 Pages·2017·3.48 MB·English

BUSINESS AND NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATIONS FACING INCREASED
COMPETITION AND GROWING
CUSTOMERS’ DEMANDS
Volume 14
Proceedings of the 14th Conference: Muszyna, Poland, 5-6 October 2015
Edited by
Adam Nalepka, Anna Ujwary-Gil
Reviewers:
Barbara Błaszczyk, Józefa Famielec, Anna Fornalczyk, Marta Gancarczyk,
Grażyna Leśniak-Łebkowska, Marek Lisiński, Mieczysław Morawski,
Halina Piekarz, Kazimierz R. Śliwa
Proofreading:
Bogna Zakrzewska-Skorupka
Cover design:
Mariusz Kałyniuk
Cover photo:
Fotolia.com
© Copyright by Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University in
Nowy Sącz and Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę “Cognitione”
(2015, Vol. 14)
ISBN: 978-83-65196-17-0
eISBN: 978-83-65196-21-7
ISSN: 2543-540X
eISSN: 2543-5388
Typeset:
Wydawnictwo i Drukarnia Nova Sandec
Printing and Binding:
Wydawnictwo i Drukarnia Nova Sandec
ul. Lwowska 143, 33-300 Nowy Sącz
e-mail: [email protected]
This publication was co-financed by
CONTENTS
Introduction ................................................................................................................................5
I. BUSINESS AND NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
AS THE OBJECT OF RESEARCH
1. Epistemological Dilemmas in Management Research
Olaf Flak ..........................................................................................................................9
2. The Signs of Organizational Pathology in Companies Wholly Owned by the State
Treasury – The Identification and the Analysis of the Causes of the Phenomenon Studied
Jerzy Choroszczak .........................................................................................................23
3. The System of Early Recognition of Changes in the Environment in the Opinion of
Senior-Level Managers
Janusz Bąk .....................................................................................................................39
4. The Process of Creativity in the Light of the Research Based on the ‘Icedip’ Model in
the Selected Organizations of Creative Industries
Mieczysław Morawski, Barbara Violetta Szałko .......................................................53
5. Conditions of Organization and Performance of the Training Services Companies
Iwona Małgorzata Kutzner ..........................................................................................67
II. MODERN TOOLS FOR BUSINESS AND NON-
PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS MANAGEMENT
6. Instruments of the Marketing Mix in Non-Governmental Organizations – the Results of
Empirical Research
Wioletta Kwak ...............................................................................................................81
7. Application of Lean Management Methods and Techniques in Non-Production
Departments of Selected Enterprises –Results of the Study
Mateusz Podobiński ......................................................................................................97
8. The Business Model of a Start-up Company
Anna Ujwary-Gil .........................................................................................................111
9. Importance of Accountability in Supporting Management Innovation
Joanna Wojcik-Bubala ...............................................................................................123
III. FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL
MANAGEMENT
10. The Operation Models of Municipal Companies of Local Public Transport
Krzysztof Wąsowicz ....................................................................................................135
11. Weighted Coefficient Model for Bank Investment Portfolio Optimization
Mykhailo Kuzheliev, Igor Britchenko, Maksym Zhytar .........................................149
12. Talent Management Based on Statistics. The Moneyball Perspective
Daniel Gajda, Michał Bartoszewicz ...........................................................................163
IV. BUSINESS AND NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS –
GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ASPECTS
13. The Analysis of Polish Economy’s Transformation to Knowledge Based Economy on
the Basis of Knowledge Assessment Methodology
Justyna Sokołowska-Woźniak ...................................................................................179
14. The Study of the Relative Efficiency of Selected Commune Offices Located in Nowy
Sacz, Limanowa and Gorlice Poviats
Piotr Czarnecki, Robert Szarota, Dariusz Woźniak ................................................191
15. Conditions and Possibilities of Creating a Communication System with the Public by
Public Administration Institutions
Marcin Flieger .............................................................................................................207
16. Identification of the Urban Municipalities of the Małopolska Region in Terms of
Changes in the Real Estate Tax Rates in Business Activities of Enterprises in the Period
2010-2015
Krzysztof Drabek ........................................................................................................223
17 The Impact of Operational Programme Innovative Economy on the Growth of
Innovativeness of Industrial Companies
Agnieszka Mazurek-Czarnecka .................................................................................233
INTRODUCTION
We are happy to present the next volume of this regularly published
scientific monograph. The 14th volume brings an analysis of current phenomena
and processes taking place in business and non-profit organizations. It points
at new conditions in which organizations are established and then function. It
also provides an attempt at explaining what determines the way organizations
function in a dynamic market. The book also analyzes strategies applied by the
surveyed organizations in order to achieve and maintain competitive advantage
in the world of increased competition and growing customers’ demands. The
book is divided into the following thematic sections which constitute the
construction base of this monograph: business and non-profit organizations as
the object of research, modern tools for business and non-profit organizations
management, and finally financial aspects of organizational management, and
business and non-profit organizations – global and regional aspects.
The first part includes articles presenting problems of organization, as
the research object. Hence, considerations on fundamental dilemmas faced
by management occupy an important place ; conditions and possibilities of
creating a communication system with the public by public administration
institutions; the signs of organizational pathology in companies wholly owned
by the state treasury and conditions of organization and performance of the
training services companies.
In the second part we find articles referring to the tools used in
management and other areas. The following concepts have been discussed:
instruments of marketing mix in NGOs in the light of the implementation of
the marketing strategies of the organization and their role in creating value for
stakeholders; application of lean management methods and techniques used in
non-production departments.
In addition, reference is made to the popular concept in recent years,
i.e. the concept of the business model examined in the context of creating
value for the customer and the organization, and also its to accountability and
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innovation management. The last article in this section refers to the study of
the role of creative approach, to constituting added value in the organization,
of employees working in small creative businesses of Lower Silesia.
The third section is a collection of articles related to financial aspects of
managing organizations. Presented here is an interesting article on the usage
of statistics in sport clubs players management and its possible transfer to
talented employees management, as well as those discussing the operation
models of municipal companies of local public transport and weighted
coefficient model for bank investment portfolio optimization.
The monograph ends with considerations related to global and regional
aspects of the functioning of the economy and the organization. Noteworthy
is the article related to the analysis of Polish economy’s transformation to
knowledge based economy on the basis of knowledge assessment methodology.
Another, concerns the study of the relative effectiveness of selected commune
(gmina) offices located in Nowy Sacz, Limanowa and Gorlice Poviats.
Finally, two articles focus on the identification of urban municipalities of the
Małopolska region, in terms of changes in the real estate tax rates in business
activities and the impact of Operational Programme “Innovative Economy”
on the growth of innovativeness of industrial companies.
We wish to express gratitude to the Authors of these articles, whose
contributions shaped this monograph. We also thank all the Reviewers for
their willingness to share their expert knowledge and experience with the
Authors, along with substantive support. We believe, this commendable effort
and cooperation results in attention to the high quality of the publication.
Adam Nalepka, Anna Ujwary-Gil
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I.
BUSINESS AND NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATIONS AS THE OBJECTS
OF RESEARCH

I. BUSINESS AND NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AS THE OBJECTS OF RESEARCH
EPISTEMOLOGICAL DILEMMAS IN
MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
Olaf Flak1
Abstract
Building knowledge about management processes depends on several aspects
which are necessary to be taken into consideration during any research in
that field. In the paper such theoretical dilemmas of creating knowledge
about activities in management area can be found: specification of borders of
scientific cognition, the perspectives of questions and expected answers, the
differences between quality and quantity approaches, a choice of a research
method, the possibilities of the verification of the hypotheses, conducting
inference and the borders of an explanation in management science.
Keywords: epistemology, facts, qualitative approach, quantitative approach,
mixed method, reasoning.
1. Introduction
If knowledge about management is scientific, it should complete the general
definition of science which is understood as a competent system of phrases
possible to be justified, which is used to gain and order, in some respects, the
learnings about the determined field (Keller, 2010, p. 37). The knowledge is
being created by examining the world, but this kind of studying is a cognitive
process. Cognition is a state of information on a given matter (Marsden, 2012,
p. 163). At the same time study and cognition always have some subject
(Woleński, 2000, p. 172). There are also processes going on between an object
and a subject (Lee & Cassell, 2013, p. 123). They are called cognitive activities
which cause certain epistemological dilemmas (Woleński, 2000, p. 172).
The aim of the paper is to present the most important epistemological
dilemmas in the research within management studies such as: specification
of borders of scientific cognition, the perspectives of questions and expected
answers, the differences between quality and quantity approaches, a choice
of a research method, the possibilities of the verification of the hypotheses,
conducting inference and the borders of an explanation in management
science. The research method was developed through the analysis of the
1 Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Radio and Television, University of Silesia, ul. Bytkowska 1b, 40-955
Katowice, e-mail: [email protected].
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literature resources in management studies, philosophy and the methodology
of science. Due to the theoretical character of the paper no research hypotheses
were stated or verified.
2. Cognition in academic studies
In management studies and many other academic disciplines an
epistemological approach derived from the analytic philosophy is accepted.
Russels epistemology intended to be a combination of logic and natural
cognition because the structure of the logic language is isomorphic with the
structure of the world (Voordijk, 2009, p. 715). While Moore focused on the
epistemological matters of human perception (Woleński, 2000, p. 151), the
relation of the consciousness of subject to object was in the center of other
scholars interests (Hofer, 2005, p. 98).
Husserl claimed that the right theory of cognition cannot be naturalistic
and it cannot as well be built over the philosophy, which was another maneuver
of the naturalists (Husserl, 2008, p. 44). Ingarden (1971) was also an adherent
of phenomenology but the one called realistic phenomenology. He was in
favor of the theory of cognition totally independent from the outside conditions
(Ingarden, 1971, p. 391). Husserl (2008) described the same phenomenon by
these words: I can admittedly consider what kind of being it is and in what
relation its way of existence is to the others, (…) and I can (…) lead to watching
the watching itself, in which the given being is constituting (…). But the whole
time now I am moving on absolute ground: this observation is something
absolute and it stays like this until it lasts (…) (Husserl, 2008, p. 44).
Midgley (2003) refers to Popper and claims that the basis of any
epistemological actions is determining objects in a given reality with certain
features: [an] event must be an observable event; that is to say, basic statements
must be testable, inter-subjectively, by observation (Midgley, 2003, p. 80).
The word event has been used by Popper as one kind of fact which is possible
to be recorded. This statement means that every event must be possible to
be observed and what follows the basic statements must be intersubjectively
verifiable through an observation. The result is that to call the cognition of
the organizational reality academic it has to be considerably divided from the
observer (researcher) (McGuire, 1986, p. 5).
Another approach to cognition – rationalism – combines the cognition and
empiricism and results in an approach that cognition is possible to be done by
senses (Fawcett et al., 2004, p. 206). Such simplification would suggest that in
both approaches the way of cognition is limited to the one of aforementioned
(Gottfried, 2007, p. 27). It is not so because to every psychic experience, on
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