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6 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM 485 VOCALISATION BY THE COMMON EASTERN asinglepulse,oraseriesofchirpswithlongintervalsbetween vtAohUceaSQluTiseRaetAnisLolnIaiAnndNAMusuGtsrEeaCluiKmaOn4,g9e(cGI)kE:os4H8iY5s-Rs6cA.an2tD0.0UA3B:h-IaAIn.ndffMourelmmoaoftiinroantsiovonef Cp1uH1l,sF2esCs;.1rRee(cFcoiorgdr.idniIgnBg)C,CH6H1a1&((2Fi99g,.9m1u)A,lti)s,ip2olf9ea$csh,iicnrogplnespiopsruttleisoden;o,fr4e6cppouurlldssieenssg// speciesareknowntocallandoneintroducedtoAustralia,the 5,6s.Estimated,dominantfrequencybandofindividualpulses house gecko, Hemidactylusfrenatus Dumcril & Bibron, varies between 2.6-3.8Khz. The pulse width is between 1836, has a loud distinctive call. Most calls reported for 140-228milliseconds.Pulsespeteroutat6.3-8.7KHz. Australian geckos have been related to fighting, {e.g. Type 3 - the fast chatter (ee.ee.ee) is, by far, the most Diplodactylus Bustard, 1965; Gehyra - Bustard, 1969; frequentlyheard,andhasbeenrecordedinFCI-11.Adult66 Frankenberg & Werner, 1984), or confrontation with a oftenexhibitthiscall(Table 1). predator (e.g. Christinas Daniels et al., 1986; Nephrurus Totalpulsespercallrangedfrom9-23. Pulsespersecond asper - Bustard, 1967; Greer pers. obsM 1989; Phyllurus (pulserate)variedfrom6-8.3.Thecalldurationvariedfrom platurus - Greer pers. obs., 1989). On Boyne Island, in 1.2-3.6s. Pulsewidthrange72-167ms. Dominant frequency Central Queensland, Gehyra dubia Macleay. 1877 is range2.6-3.8kHz.ThefirstpulseofrecordingsFC2,5,8,10 commonly found in acacia, eucalyptus woodlands and the and 11 variedbetween72-125msandhavealowerfrequency surroundingurbanareas.Thisgeckoisusuallyarborealandis rangethanproceedingpulses. Pulsespeteroutat3.7-7kHz. frequently observed on the walls ofhouses, both in and An analysisoftheserecordings hasestablishedthat 66 outside,andotherdomesticstructures. producethefastchatter(FC5-FC10). 99 haveproducedthe DuringlateSeptember,1997,1recordedthecallsproduced chirp(CHI and CHIa). When the combination of66 and by Gehyra dubia specimens for the first time. This was 9 9 wasusedforarecording,Iwasunabletoascertainwhich achievedbyholding4captiveG.dubia(sample 1,3$ , 1<$)in geckocalled. twosmall,transparentcontainers.Twogeckoswereplacedin eachcontainerandmicrophonesweresecuredtothelids.The Conclusion outputs from these two microphones were connected to a Gehyradubiadoesfrequentlycall.Thecallsheardand/or stereocassetterecorder. Atnight,betweenthe23-27/9/97,a analysedcanbecategorisedintothreedistinctgroups: 1)the scries of!4hr recordings was made. This was followed by distress,2)thechirp,and3)thefastchatter.Bothsexesexhibit Freebcrouradriyn'gs1d9u9r8in(gsalmatpelOec3t-ob2e6r),19l9at7e(Jsaanmupalrey22-02061,(2s9a)m.plmeid4- t6he6di&stre9ss9.calPl.ulTsheescohfirtphcealclhhiarpsaclaslolbaereenopfrtoendulcoendgby(ubpottho e2a6r)l,yaJnudnela2te00S3ep(t4e$m,be2r62)0,01wa(ssanmoptlere5c-or6de,d,$).buStacmlpolseel6y, 2se2r8imess)o,flpauclkseisntwenistihtyl,oanngdiantreerevxahlisbbiettedweaesnasTihneglfeapsutlcsheatotrear observedtoestablishifbothsexesproducedallthreecalls.Four hasbeen strongly exhibited by 66 only, and is frequently $$ wereplacedinonecontainer,andthe2 66 inanother. heardthroughoutmyhouse.Theamplitudeofthesepulsesis Examination of these recordings and my observations high,andtypicallyintensifiesinthelatterportionofthecall between 1989-2003 indicate that Gehyradubia has at least (Fig. 1C). Pulsesofthefastchatterareshort(<167ms),and threedistinct calls: adistresscall, achirpanda fastchatter. are carried out over a short period (<3.6s). Estimated These recordings havebeen digitised (AWE Sound Blaster dominant frequenciesofthe chirp and fastchattercallsare Card; Samplingrate, 44,100,22,050, 11,025; samplingsize quitesimilar(2.6-3.8kHz).Differentiationbetweenbothtypes 16 bit), and reproduced into audiographs (Fig. 1A-C). This ofcallsincludes,pulserate,pulsewidthandcallintensity. has enabled accurate measurements ofthe call duration (in Only one recordingconsisted ofboth the chirp and fast seconds)andacomparisonoftheamplitudeofpulseswithina chattercalls-CHFC1, & 9,sample1 (fourchirpsfollowed cvTaehlrlei.fidIenoddmbiivyniradeundatlucfpirunlegsqetuhseenacpnlydaybn-abunamdcbkeosrfamoipfnldpiiunvligsderusaatlepetproul1cas1le,ls02w5(etHrhzee. otirntashntesarinrttieloycnobrpydeir1ni7gosfda(sftCrcHohma1t,ctCheiHrrpp1usalstaoensdc.hFaFtiCtg5e.r-,11B0i)t).,isaBqnyudicttoehmerpveaearrsiyosnsoahnbolrteto frequency at which most sound energy is transmitted), and tosuggestthat thecallofrecordingCHFC1 consistsofa 9 pulsewidth wasachievedbyusinga freewaredual channel followedbya6.However,thiswouldneedtobeverifiedbya audiospectrumanalyser(Gram50program).Thisprovideda highersamplerate. scrolling time-frequency display (Fig. 2A-C). Only Thereasonsforthesecallsareunknown.However,itdoes recordings of high resolution were used for frequency notseemunreasonabletospeculatethattheyrelatetosexrec- analysisandpulsewidthmeasurements. ognition and territory definition and defence as has been Although these recordings are of the calls of captive postulatedformanyotheranimalcalls. geckos, calls are consistent with those heard in the wild. Acknowledgements ntRoeecadksisotnaisnndgfuoircslthohabecseaetlwvoerceeangliitoshnaestisooenxfsesaeraoecfhuandskupnletocswinbm.yenIe:txwaammasilnpeiosnssgilbatlcheke JeanFeotrteasCsoivsatacnecveicinhpfroerpaadrviincgetohinstphaepemra,nutshcarnikpst;arDerdMueartko obviousendolymphaticcalciumstores;havedistinctprcanal Hutchinson(SouthAustralianMuseum)andPeterRobertson eponrleasragleidgnepdositnaannailnvteurtbeedrc‘lVe’s;.disFteinmcatlpeosstchloaavcealdsiasctsianncdt (dWiimlodrlipfheiPsrmofiwlietsh)ibnotthheimgpaerctkeodtfhaemiirlky;noJwolnedgBeutotnersweoxrutahl ebuntdollaycmkpphractaincalcpaolrceisumansdtoerxesp,anmdoedderpaotsetclpooasctaalnaslactsu.bercles, o(PErnloeftc.hterRiGocrsaalsmEAnl5gf0ionpredreorag,nrdQaumDeraennLdsilanananSldcyhsCiwesamroeznnkstoopLuftnddo)fwfaJovaremgseu;siAdCsaosnooccke. Gehyradubiacalls UniversityforforwardingtheGram50programandsharing oneTypuplese1 -cdliasmtorerssw:hwihcehnisfilgohutdiengr,asnpdecmiomreensdorfatwennroeulteatsheana tbhieoilrogikcnaolwlseodungdes,onSpethceialanatlhyasnikss atnodmyidewntiiffeicIatnigoenfoorf othercalls.Thiswasnotrecorded,buthasbeendisplayedby toleratingthedisturbancesandinconvenienceofsuchastudy. bothsexes(sample6). JohnToopofthe DepartmentofEnvironmentand Heritage Type 2 - the chirp (eee...eee...eec) has been heard providedstudypermits. frequently. Both 66 & 99 produce this call (sample 6). However,ithasbeenpossibletorecordthiscallononlythree LiteratureCited occasions(CH1,CH1aandCHFC1).Thiscallisdisplayedas BUSTAGReDh,vrHa.Rv.ar1i9e6g5a.tTah(eDsuymsetreimlatiacndstaBtiubsroofn,the1A8u3s6t)raalnidanGgeehcykroas 1 MEMOIRS OFTHE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM 486 A I { ! i 1 ? _J.ilillM. , B ^+1 t1 r1 1t1i1Ij J c FIdGu.ra1t.iAoundi-og1r1.a2psh.s.B,A,CCHHFC1,1s,amspalmep1l,e291,9,66p&uls9es,,ccaallll duration~8.2s. C, FC10,sample4,2d6,21 pulses,call duration-3.6s. australis(Gray,1845).Herpctologia20(4):259-72. 1967. Defensive display behaviour ofthe Australian gecko Nephrurusasper.Herpetologia23(2): 126-29. 1969. The population ecology ofthe gckkonid lizard Gehyra DFARNAINEKLNsHvEiaSeezrrN,ewipBeeCagSE.tnaoBoRtdu.laG,toeh(g,FfDyfWLuEea2mA.cl0ctH(e&ri1sEiv).elR:WnJaTEe9ons3YRusd-r,N9nB6oEaSi.fl.bRProa.,ofun&tYA)o.nSitLin.oImemMax1ylpB9l8OiEo4nicT.toWeaTldEholf,geioyzrdaMer3e.sd8ftP.:es.n3iJsn15oi9-unv85roe6n1r.atvlhoTecaraoinllf FI4-s1G3-a4..2-m801p2,,9.l,e2cS.hdp61ioer,&mcp2tiar9n2ona.9gd6n,rktacHphpuzfahl.rtsste.Ceeq,sruAeCt,1nr-Hca3FFn,yCsCdi1o1ot0fim,,oipnsnu,slaaadsmnmoeptpsmllife-ern2ea1.,4qn6,ut6ke2Hnf&z6cr.ye6q9o,Bu,f,epppnCuuuclllHysssIeeeo,sssf “distress*’ repertoire of gekkonid lizards: intra-and- pulses -3.8kHz. Darker shades indicate higher decibel inter-specificvariation.Amphibia-Rcptilia5(2): 109-24. readings. GREER,A. 1989.ThebiologyandevolutionofAustralianlizards. (SurreyBeatty&Sons:ChippingNorton). Peter R. Tremul, 5 Kilman Court, Boyne Island 4680, TABLE 1. Recordingdata. LR, lowresolution. Australia; 10June2003. Pulses/ Estimated Rec. Sex& call Pulses/ wPiudltseh dominant No. sampleNo. duration sec. (msec.) frequency (sec) (kHz) FC1 6& 9,si 12/1.7 7 87-133 3.0 FC2 6 & 9,si 9/1.5 6 87-156 2.6 FC3 6 & 9,si 11/1.5 7.3 LR LR FC4 d & 9,si 17/2.5 6.8 LR LR FC5 2d,s3 10/1.2 8.3 76-114 3.8 FC6 2d,s3 18/2.2 8.2 LR 3.1 FC7 2d,s3 23/2.9 7.9 LR LR FC8 2d,s4 19/3.4 5.6 72-167 3.8 FC9 2d,s4 20/3.4 5.9 76-167 2.6 FC10 2d,s4 21/3.6 5.8 125-156 2.6 FC1 d&9,s5 18/3.3 5.5 87-163 3.6