Values and Perceptions of the Islamic and Middle Eastern Publics

370 Pages·2007·1.134 MB·English

by  Mansoor Moaddel (eds.)

Values and Perceptions
of the Islamic and
Middle Eastern Publics
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Values and Perceptions
of the Islamic and
Middle Eastern Publics
Edited by
Mansoor Moaddel
VALUESANDPERCEPTIONSOFTHEISLAMICANDMIDDLEEASTERNPUBLICS
© Mansoor Moaddel, 2007.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-1-4039-7527-0
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any
manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.
First published in 2007 by
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PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave
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and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European
Union and other countries.
ISBN 978-0-230-62198-5 ISBN 978-0-230-60333-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230603332
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Values and perceptions of the Islamic and Middle Eastern publics /
edited by Mansoor Moaddel.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Arab countries—Social conditions—20th century. 2. Arab
countries—Social conditions—21st century. 3. Social values—
Arab countries. I. Moaddel, Mansoor.
HN766.Z9M683 2007
06.0917(cid:2)67—dc23 2006049325
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India.
First edition: February 2007
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
For Armin, Marjan, Nilufar, and Payvand
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C O N T E N T S
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
Preface xiv
List of Contributors xvi
1 Introduction: Theoretical and Methodological
Issues in the Study of Values 1
Mansoor Moaddel
Part 1 Islam in a Global Perspective
2 The Worldviews of Islamic Publics in Global Perspective 25
Ronald F. Inglehart
3 Value Systems of Elites and Publics in the Mediterranean:
Convergence or Divergence 47
Juan Díez-Nicolás
4 Muslim Immigrants in Western Europe: Persisting Value
Differences or Value Adaptation? 71
Thorleif Pettersson
Part 2 Political and Economic Consequences of
Islam versus Rentier Economy
5 Do Islamic Orientations Influence Attitudes toward
Democracy in the Arab World? Evidence from the World
Values Survey in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Algeria 105
Mark Tessler
viii Contents
6 The Egalitarian Face of Islamic Orthodoxy: Support
for Islamic Law and Economic Justice in Seven
Muslim-Majority Nations 126
Nancy J. Davis and Robert V. Robinson
7 The Rentier State: Does Rentierism Hinder
Democracy? The Rentier Mentality Hypothesis
Tested in Seven Middle Eastern Countries 160
Bi Puranen and Olof Widenfalk
Part 3 Determinants of Self-Rated Health and
Attitudes toward Religion,
Gender and Democracy
8 Social Structure versus Perception: A Cross-National
Comparison of Self-Rated Health in Egypt, Iran,
Jordan, and the United States 181
Kristine J. Ajrouch and Mansoor Moaddel
9 The Saudi Public Speaks: Religion, Gender, and Politics 209
Mansoor Moaddel
Part 4 Events and Changes in
Values and Perceptions
10 Events and Value Change: The Impact of
September 11, 2001 on the Worldviews of
Egyptians and Moroccans 249
Mansoor Moaddel and Abdul-Hamid Abdul-Latif
11 Xenophobia and In-Group Solidarity in Iraq: A Natural
Experiment on the Impact of Insecurity 298
Ronald Inglehart, Mansoor Moaddel, and Mark Tessler
Part 5 Methodology
12 Probability Sampling and the Scientific Survey
Method for Population Studies: Application to
Survey Research in Islamic Countries 323
Steven G. Heeringa
Index 339
L I S T O F F I G U R E S
2.1 Cultural map of 82 societies 29
2.2 Cultural zones of 82 societies 31
2.3 The values of Islamic societies in
global perspective 33
2.4 Support for democracy in nine cultural zones 41
2.5 Support for Gender Equality in nine cultural zones 43
3.1 Survival/Self-expression values by GNP per capita 53
4.1 Analysis of value change among
Muslim immigrants 79
7.1 Intergenerational changes in Survival/
Self-expression values 166
7.2 Intergenerational changes in traditional/secular
rational values 166
7.3 The seven Middle East countries
on cross-cultural map 167
7.4 Two dimensions of democratic values for the
seven countries 171
7.5 Two dimensions of work and social life
for the seven countries 173
7.6 Two dimensions of democratic values
Saudi Arabia 174
7.7 Two dimensions of work and social life
and Saudi Arabia 175
7.8 Inglehart’s cross-cultural map and Saudi Arabia 176
8.1 Path diagram and standardized structural
coefficients for Egypt 194
8.2 Path diagram and standardized structural
coefficients for Iran 195
8.3 Path diagram and standardized structural
coefficients for Jordan 196