Table Of Content

The Valle Getting Down to Business The Right Course for Managers May17-18 CentralPennsylvania MethodistChurches, BoardofDiaconalMinistry May17,24,25, MusicintheParks, 31,June1 musicadjudicationforjunior andseniorhighschoolstudents May24-27 SocietyofFriendsConference onReligionandPhilosophy June7-9 AlumniWeekend June10-13, SwimmingResidenceCamp 17-20 June24-28 BasketballResidenceCamp YouthScholarsInstitute AmericanMusicAbroad SwimmingDayCamp July1-5 ChristianEndeavorAssembly July8-12 ChemistryProfessorsWorkshop YouthFellowshipinMusicandArt PennsylvaniaDepartmentof EducationTeacherWorkshops July15-19 SummerMusicCamp YouthScholarsInstitute Girl'sBasketballCamp ChemistryProfessorsWorkshop PennsylvaniaStudentCouncil AdvancedLeadershipWorkshop July22-26 ChemistryProfessorsWorkshop PennsylvaniaStudentCouncil JuniorHighLeadershipWorkshop PianoCamp FootballCamp July29-August2 FootballCamp PennsylvaniaStudentCouncil SeniorHighLeadershipWorkshop CentralPennsylvania SuzukiWorkshop August3-11 InternationalStringConference Vol. 9, Number 1 Departments Features 2 Gained in Translation 9 NEWS BRIEFS BruceMetzger('35)guided30scholarsinrewritingtheHoly Writ NEWSMAKERS tomakethelanguagemorecontemporary. 20 BySue De Pasquale 22 SPORTS ALUMNINEWS 4 Song ofthe Phoenix 23 Twocouplesseekaluayacrossculturalbarriers. 25 CLASSNOTES ByDr.ArtFord 6 Jump Start on Science and Math G—irlsneedencouragementtotacklethetoughsubjects Editor:JudyPehrson beforepeerpressuresetsin. Writers: ByJudyPehrson JimAlbert SueDePasquale JLooihsnFBe.gaDneamerJr. 11 Steering Business Back on Track Dr.ArtFord Thesemanagementandactuarialscienceprogramsare DennisLarison DougS.Thomas justtheticketforfuturemanagers. DianeWenger ByDougS.Thomas TheValleyispublishedbyLebanon ValleyCollegeanddistributedwithout 19 Art in Iron chargetoalumniandfriends.Itis producedincooperationwiththeJohns Whereengineering,artandethicsintersect. HopkinsUniversityAlumniMagazine Consortium.Editor:DonnaShoemaker; ByDennisLarison ContributingEditor:SueDePasquale; Designer:RoyceFaddis. 29 Out ofChaos Came Creativity Sendcommentsoraddresschangesto: Collagestrace "FourteenStationsoftheCross." OfficeofCollegeRelations LaughlinHall ByJimAlbert LebanonValleyCollege 101N.CollegeAvenue Annville,PA17003-0501 OntheCover: SeniormanagementmajorBrendalyn KrysiakinthediningroomofTheHotel Hershey.Internshipsareanimportant partofthecollege'smanagementpro- gram.PhotographbyCharlesFreeman. Gained in Translation Revising the Bible took 17 years. Alumnus Bruce Metzgerguided 30 eminent scholars in this mammoth project to update the lan- guageyet befaithful to the original texts. BySueDePasquale Dr.BruceMetzgerinhisofficeatthePrinceton TheologicalSeminary. Dr. Bruce Metzger('35) still theUnitedStatesandGreatBritain. R. Metzger ('07) became an attorney in rememberswithasmilethe "I would regard that work as a climax Harrisburg after his graduation. But his nightheandnineotherNew to my life," the 77-year-old Metzger says son, Bruce, even as a teenager, found Testament scholars became today, from his home in Princeton, New languages—especiallytheclassicalones— locked inside the SpeerLi- Jersey. "It was a great privilege to work tobehischosenpath.Buildingonhismajor brary at Princeton Theological Seminary. besidethosebiblicalscholarsofalldiffer- in Greek and his minors in Latin and Hardatworktranslatingandcompilingthe entfaiths."APresbyterian,hiscolleagues German at Lebanon Valley College, New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) includedmembersof10Protestantdenomi- Metzger went on to earn his master's ofthe Bible, the theologians lost trackof nations, as well as six Roman Catholics degree, divinity degree and Ph.D. from the time. "Fortunately, our meeting was and one representative each from the Princeton University. He taughtatPrince- on the ground floor," he laterwrote, and EasternOrthodoxandJewishfaiths. ton Theological Seminary for 46 years theycouldclimboutawindowtofreedom. A man ofgentle demeanor, Metzger is before retiring in 1984 as the George L. That marathon session wasjust one of oneoftheworld'spreeminentNewTesta- Collord ProfessorofNew Testament Lan- many that Metzger spent as chair of the ment scholars. He has written or edited guageandLiterature,Emeritus.Duringhis Standard Bible Committee given the re- morethan30books,includingtheReader's distinguished career, he was a Visiting sponsibility of revising the Bible widely Digest Condensed Bible and the New FellowatbothOxfordandCambridgeand usedforthepastfourdecadesinchurches OxfordAnnotatedBible with the Apocry- twice was a member of the prestigious throughoutthecountry—the 1952Revised pha. His works have been translated into InstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton. Standard Version (RSV). The committee German, Japanese, Korean, Chinese and The need for updating the RSV Bible of 30 scriptural scholars met for a week Malagasy,andhehaslecturedatmorethan became apparent back in the early '70s, twice yearly for 17 years in order to 100 universities and seminaries in South Metzger explains. "Since English is a complete the mammoth project. Their America, Australia, Korea, SouthAfrica, livinglanguage,itchanges,withwordsand labors finally were rewarded last spring Japanandotherpartsoftheworld. idiomstakingonnewmeanings,"hesays. whenthefirstcopiesoftheNRSVbecame Metzger followed in his father's foot- Thenewversion"offersgreateraccuracy, availableinbookshopsandchurchesacross stepsinattendingLebanonValley:Maurice clarity and naturalness ofexpression," he TheValley . 51 New and Improved WhatkindsofbiblicalrevisionsdidBruce changes,comparingthe 1952Revised Metzger'scommitteemake?Herearesome Standard Version (RSV) and the 1990 Tadhdes.1C9o5n2siRdSerVPsreaaldmss,5"0I:9w?ilfloraecxcaepmtplen.o examples from sReSveVral categories of NewRevisedStanNdRarSdVVersion(NRSV). bull from your house." The committee's revisedrendering?"Iwillnotacceptabull fromyourhouse."Or, takeIICorinthians Forgreateraccuracy: w11a:s25s.toTnoed"ancyallcshitlodmoifndtheso'm6e0tsh,in"gOnmcoereI t.he.m.sellivkeesiDnasvtirdumeinntvsenotfmfuosric. o.f.mu.sliick.eDavidimproviseon—iAnsmtrousmen6:t5s than rocks being hurled. Hence the new version,"OnceIreceivedastoning." Forimprovedclarity: The challenge, Metzger says, lay in ulpadnagtuianggesaor"cfhaadidsimssh"wtihtahtoiuttworuelsodrtqiunigckltyo gougeoutallyourrighteyes. . .gougeouteveryone'-sIriSghatmeuyeel.11:2 become out ofdate. Moreover, since the FormoreintelligibleEnglish: NRSVwouldbeusedinGreatBritain,the committeetriedtoavoidintroducing"pure Unitemyhearttofearthyname. . . . Give me an undivided heart to Americanisms" into the text, he says. A revereyourname. —Psalms86:1 BdrraifttisshofscthheolNarRScaVrewfuiltlhyacnoemybeefdortwheeedfiinnagl FormorenaturalEnglish: outInYamnakneyectarsaenss,greessspieocnisa.llythoserelating o.ff. y.oYuorufreets.andalshavenotworn y.ou.r.fYeeotursandalsh—avDeenuotterwoonronmoyut29o:n to gender, recent scholarly research has shednewlightontheoriginalHebrewand Toavoidmisunderstandings: Greek texts of the Old and New Testa- Iamdumb. Iamsilent. -Psalms39:9 ments, Metzgersays. Theologiansdiscov- ered in some instances that the RSV Toavoidambiguityinoralreadings: erroneously supplied"man" and"men"in places where the Greek texts lack both . . . "Didyoulackanything?" . . . "Did you lack anything?" They words. Thus, the words ofJesus in John Theysaid, "Nothing." said,"No,notathing." —Luke22:35 12:32 come closerto the originaltexts in Tocorrectunnecessarymasculinerenderings: thenewversion: "AndI, whenIamlifted upfromtheearth, willdrawallpeopleto . . .Mandoesnotlivebybreadalone. . . .Onedoesnotlivebybreadalone. myself," rather than "all men." Explains —Matthew4:4 Metzger,"ThesenseoftheoriginalGreek includes both men and women. It isn't appeared in a printed Bible, have found panion to theBible. He's alreadydevoted limitedtohalfthehumanrace." theirrightfulwayintotheNRSV. fiveyearstothecollectionofarticles and But with language pertaining to the Metzger and his committee members guesses it will be anothertwo before it's Deity, wheretheancienttextsareclearin met each year at Princeton Theological ready for publication. Meanwhile, the their use ofthe masculine pronoun, says Seminary for one week in January, and septagenariancontinuestoteachinforeign Metzger,thecommitteeofmenandwomen thenagaininJune,sequesteringthemselves locales. This summer he'll spend three madenochanges.GodintheNRSVisstill from 9 a.m. until 9 p.m. for six days monthsinArgentina. "our Father who is in heaven." Metzger straight. "Attheendoftheweekofhighly How soonwillbiblicalscholarsneedto haswritten,"ItisthetaskoftheChristian concentrated work, we were very tired," begin work on a new New Revised Stan- educator, not of the Bible translator, to the chair recalls. Because their time to- dard Version? "That depends on whether explainthatGodtranscendsmasculinity." getherwas limited, theycompletedmuch dramaticchangestakeplaceintheEnglish Thecommittee'sworkwasfurtheraided ofthetranslatingandotherstudyindepend- language,andwhetherstillolderGreekand by the discovery of Greek and Hebrew entlythroughouttherestoftheyear—truly Hebrewmanuscriptsturnupthataremore manuscripts that are older than those a laboroflove, says Metzger, since none significant than the ones we have now," previously known. "Generally speaking, ofthescholarswerepaidfortheirefforts. Metzger says. If nothing changes signifi- theolderthemanuscript,thefewernumber Withtheologiansofsuchdisparaterelig- cantly, hesays, theNRSV shouldholdup oftimesithadbeencopiedbyscribes,and ious faiths, reaching aconsensus wasnot for a generation (roughly 40 years), just themoreaccurateitis,"heexplains. alwayseasy,headmits. Majorityruled, in asthelastversiondid. Thanks to the Dead Sea Scrolls, un- allcases. "We wouldneverbe finished if earthed during the 1950s, the committee we had to reach absolute agreement," he had access to a copy ofI Samuel that is says,chuckling. SueDePasquale, aBaltimorewriter, isa 900 years older than the oldest known Now that the NRSV is behind him, contributingeditoroftheAlumniMagazine manuscript, hesays. Thus, 10linesatthe Metzger can concentrate on his latest Consortium. Jim Albert, a Lebanon closeofISamuel 10, whichneverbefore project,editingthefirst-everOxfordCom- freelancewriter,contributedtothisarticle. Spring/Summer 1991 Song of the Phoenix As sheplays, delicate notes fill the small room in Nanjing. But there are barriers that even music cannot take heracross. ByDr. ArtFord Associatedeanofthecollege and professorofEnglish, Dr. ArtFord spent 1989inChinaasaFulbright Scholar. Thefollowingvignette comesfromabookhe iswriting basedonthoseexperiences. He watchedhishandclosely as it swung slowly across his body. In his white, loose-fitting, cotton pants and top with the small orange Yin-Yang insignia, he was the consummate Tai Chi Chuan teacher. His flexibility seemed limitless, his coordi- nation perfect, his control complete. And heknewit. Hedemonstratedoncemorethe"retreat to ride tiger" move, lifting his left leg slightlyandholdingittherebeforesettling downwithawindmillmotionofbotharms. Itriedandstumbled. Heisatleast50yearsold,buthisbody is hard. His concentration is total. He moves without effort as the sweat begins to form on his face. I freeze in the early morning darkness, my knees refusing to bend, mymindrefusingtofocus. Teacher Theshen,anancientreedinstrument,hasahauntingsound. Tang moves without walls, free andcom- 4 TheValley , plete in himself. He becomes the moves Nanjing, She eyes. "You help her?" she asks, pointing heperformsandsoescapestheboundaries arrives ^3 1 apleas- toherdaughter. imposedontherestofus. ant,pretty ^EQ, woman Weareconfused.Suddenlyourrolesare That is TeacherTang, who bicycles 40 in her mid-20s, reversed. Howcanwehelpher?Sheisan minutes every Monday, Wednesday and andjoinsus fordinner, expert performer, clearly superior in a Friday to his 6 a.m. Tai Chi class with a We also knewthatour culturethatprizesmusic.Thesepeoplehad dozen or so foreign students at Nanjing teachers prize this daughter more than demonstrated their self-sufficiency, their University. anythingelseintheirlives.Earliertheyhad confidence. And now I see intheeyes of This is anotherTeacherTang, an apron shownuscertificatesofherachievements, this woman a pleading awkwardness, a around his waist, rolling dough with a photographs of her performing in Italy, desperation. small, wooden stick, smiling and chatter- lettersofrecommendationfromherteach- "I don't know what you mean," I say, ing happily in Chinese to two non- ersattheShanghaiConservatoryofMusic, realizing that the language barrier would comprehendingguests. even her grades at school. "Very good," rendermy comment meaningless. Itryto Duringthefirsttermwhenwehadbeen hermothersays, pointingto aphotograph put it anotherway, but realize they know taking Tai Chi lessons from Tang and his of her daughter in a long red gown, what I said even though they do not wife, they had invited my wife, Mary performingontheshen."Henhao,"Ismile understandallmywords. Ellen, and me to dinner at their house. inreturn. "It is hard," she says, projecting some- Each time we were to go, however, Now she is here, and all they had said thing between frustration and despair. somethinghappenedtopostponethemeal. seemstrue. Shesitsonasmallbench,her Lookingintoherhusband'seyes, shesays Finally,now,wearehere.Itisgoodtosee knees pulled up beneath her while her "WeneedmoreEnglish." both ofthem again. In a moment, Mary parents praise her. She is modest but Her husband returns that look with his EllenandIwillbefoldingjiaozidumplings confident,abitembarrassedbythepraise, ownbewilderment. forthefirsttimeundertheirguidance. even though she understands no English. Suddenly, the mother reaches for a Their flat is comfortably furnished, Sheisateasewithherparents'adulation. dictionary on the side table and thumbs spaciousbyChinese standards. Ithasone "This is a shen," hermothersays, and frantically through the worn pages. Verg- bedroom, atinykitchenwithacoldwater raises a large metal instrument in both ing on panic, she repeats certain words. sink and two gas burners on metal legs, hands. Itisseveralfeetlong,withadozen Herhusbandechoesher, softly. Shefinds an entrance way that can double as an ormore pipesofvarious lengths, almost, the word in Chinese and holds it and its eatingarea,abathroomwithanautomatic in fact, a portable pipe organ. Easily the Englishcounterpartuptome. washeranddryerandalivingroom. One mostawkward-lookingmusicalinstrument "To repay," it says. "We repay; we wallhasawindowanddooropeningonto I have ever seen, it must be held so the repay," she says. "No cost," pointing to asmallbalconyoverlookingNanjingfrom pipesareupright,andittakesanenormous me. sixstoriesup. amountofbreathtoplay. Again,Ifeeltheweightofthelanguage Theapartmentisnotheated,eventhough The mother hands it to her daughter, barrier, but now it turns into something thedayiscoolandthenightwillbecold; whoholdsithighandpressesittoherlips. else. Icould pretend that I do not under- and it will not be heated even when the Itseemslikeafeatherfloatinginherhands. stand what she wants, but I know they snow blows up in the bitter wind of Sheblowsafewpracticenotesofscreech- deserve better than that. I look at Mary December and January. I stand and fold ing clamor, but when she plays, delicate Ellen;sheknowstoo. jiaoziwithhandsgrowingnumb,slippered music fills the room. The piece is called "Nomoney,"themothergoeson,panic feet freezing. The doorto the balcony is "ThePhoenix";wehearitunfolditswings, inhereyes. Againshethumbsthroughthe open, allowing in a wind that whips flyandreturn. dictionary. The word this time is "spon- through me and out the open kitchen Whenshefinishes,shesmilesshylyand sor." "You sponsor," she says, touching window. sits again onthe low stool. "Mydaughter my arm for the first time. She wants to Teacher Tang and his wife ignore the verygood,"hermothersays.Weagree. explain, to convince, but does not know cold. They seem to rise above it. They She controls the instrument like they the words. She can only repeat, "You workquickly andefficiently, ateamroll- controlledtheirbodiesinTaiChi. Wenow sponsor," intonesrangingfrominsistence ing,foldingandpinchingthedoughonthe feelpartofthatcomfort,thatsureness. topleadingto,finally,begging. table,and,finally,droppingthedumplings Earlierher motherhad toldus that her Ashamedforthem andashamedofus, into the hot water. For them the quarters daughterhashadmanyinvitationstocome wecontinuepleadingignorance. Weknow arenotcramped.Theymovewithgrace. toAmericatostudyandperform.Wecould that their daughter could never get an Even the entrance way, crowded with believethat.Nowthemotherbringsoutthe American visa because she speaks no thefourofus, ourwoodenchairsandthe envelopes with the invitations. They are English.Weknowtheirdream,atleastfor table—nowfilledwithbowlsofhotjiaozi— applications for admission sent by U.S. now, ishopeless. Andyet, evenifwehad seems perfectfortheplace andthe occa- graduate schools. We do not explain the spokentheirlanguage, weknowwecould sion. Evenourfew wordsofChinese and difference. nevertellthemthis. theirfewwordsofEnglishseemmorethan ThemotherunfoldsamapoftheUnited They must sense it because they lean sufficient. States. "These are the schools that want back,smileateachother,andtakecontrol We knew ourteachers had a daughter, my daughter," she says. She had drawn again. TeacherTang turns to his daughter theonlyaccomplishedfemale shenplayer circlesaroundeachlocationfromwhicha and says something to her excitedly. She in China. They tell us she had been letterofapplicationhadbeensent. beginstoplayaspiritedrenditionof"Jingle performing that afternoon at a hotel in Sheturnstous. Herdaughterdropsher Bells." Spring/Summer 1991 Jump Start on Science and Math Real women do take chem lab andsolve quadratics. But itpays to encourage girls early on to achieve. ByJudyPehrson Theroomfulofjuniorhighgirls watched intently as Adjunct Chemistry Professor Joanne Rosen deftly wielded glass beakers, changing aliquidso- lutionintoasolidandtransformingitback again.Thenitwasthegirls'turntoperform theexperiment,andtheyhappilybrokeinto small groups to give it a go. "This is great," sighed a freckled seventh grader. "There are noboys around andwe getto doeverything!" The "everything" included hands-on experiments in Lebanon Valley College's chemistry, physics, biology, psychology andcomputerlaboratoriesandanafternoon ofcareerpanelsandmathandsciencelogic games. Over 100 girls from throughout LebanonCountyattendedthedaylongmath andscienceseminar,whichwassponsored by the college and by Potential Reentry Opportunities in Business and Education (PROBE), a nonprofit agency that assists womeninupgradingskillsorreenteringthe Inahands-onsessioninthebotanylab,aworkshopattendeestudiesphotosynthesis TheValley jobmarket.OthersponsorsweretheAmeri- toa 1989reportbytheNationalResearch canAssociationofUniversityWomen,the Council. Mid-Atlantic Equity Center and the Mu- Finding the reasons for the dismal seum of Scientific Discovery in Harris- statisticshasbeenasourceofconcernand burg. study forsome time. Why is there a gap Theseminar, saysRosen, wasdesigned between girls' and boys' math/science toencourage girlstotake more math and achievement? Why don't more young scienceclassesandtothinkseriouslyabout women go into science- and math-related decadeexaminingthedifferentialtreatment collegeandcareers. professions?Arethereinnate,geneticdif- that girls and boys experience in the "Youneedtogettothemwhenthey're ferences between the sexes that affect classroom. Through observing and video- young," she states. "It's important that mathematical and scientific ability, as taping classroom situations, they have theyrealizeearlyonthatiftheydon'ttake some haveclaimed, orarethere forcesat discoveredthatteachers: enough math and science, they will se- work in society that inhibit women's communicatemorefrequentlywithboys verelylimittheircareerchoices. Youalso interest and achievement in math and the ask boys more complex, abstract and need to plant the idea in theirheads that sciences? open-endedquestions, whichprovide bet- they can be good at science and math "Theevidenceseemstocomedownhard teropportunitiesforactivelearning beforepeerpressuresetsin." onthesideofsocietalforces,"saysTowns, are morelikelytogivedetailedinstruc- Thatmessagewasconveyedtothegirls' who was amath major in college. "Girls tionstoboysforclassprojectsandassign- parents as well during the day. Some 50 andboysaretreateddifferentlypractically ments,andaremorelikelytotakeoverand mothers and fathers attended special ses- frombirth. Whileithasbecomealmosta finish the task for girls, again depriving sions-on how to motivate their daughters cliche to mention it, little girls typically themofactivelearning inmathandscienceandhowtofinancea get doll houses and cuddly toys to play spend more time with girls in reading collegeeducation. with, and little boys get building blocks classes and more time with boys in math The seminar at Lebanon Valley isjust andconstructionsets.Boysgetaheadstart classes. one of a number of steps being taken ontheskillsnecessarytosucceedinmath "TheSadkerresearchisilluminating. It aroundthenationtoencouragemoregirls andscience." becomesclearthatmuchofthedifferential totacklethetoughsubjects,saysPROBE's Lateronintheclassroom,girlsarealso treatment is unconscious," says Towns. director,Dr.KathrynTowns. Suchencour- treated very differently from boys, says "In one videotape, for example, two agement is sorely needed, she notes, McElroy, whohastaughtmathatboththe children—aboyandagirl—werewatching because girls lag far behind in these collegeandhighschoollevel. anexperiment.Thelittlegirlwasprancing disciplines. "Countless studies have demonstrated up anddown, eagertotry it. Thewoman "Despite the progress made by women teacherlettheboygofirstandsaid, 'Billie in other areas, math- and science-related gets his turn next because boys need to professionsarestilldominatedbymen,and know this.' When she was shown the girls are still scoring lower in math and videotapeofthe session, theteacherburst scienceonstandardizedachievementtests," into tears and said, T had no idea I said she states. (For decades now, boys have that.' " outscoredgirlsbyroughly50pointsonthe Girls get other hidden messages from mathportionoftheSAT) their parents and society in general, says Indeed, thesituationseemstobegrow- Rosen. "They get the message that girls ing worse by the year, says Dr. Janice can't—and aren't supposed to be—good McElroy, director of the Pennsylvania at math and science, and that it is OK if Commission forWomen. "The latest fig- (Above)Asessiononcomputerspreadsheets theyarenot." uresI'veseenfromtheAmericanAssocia- provedtobeaworkshopfavorite.(Top Inadolescence,anotherpressureisadded. tion for the Advancement of Science right)MarieLandisprobesphysicsand Studies have found that girls generally indicatethatthenumberofwomenenrolled (bottom)thegirbexamineVenus'sflytraps. believe that boys do not like smart girls, in engineering, math, chemistry, physics —thehardsciences— isactuallydropping. that girls receive less attention and less Therewasanincreaseduringthe1970sand effective feedback from teachers, and are '80s, but that is turning around. At the more likely to be tracked into low-ability height, for example, not more than 15 math and science groups," she states. percentofthosegraduatinginengineering "Further, teachers typically have lower werewomen,andthathasnowdroppedto expectations ofgirls and too often allow 10percent." boys to dominate both class and small- In the field ofmath, while 46 percent groupdiscussionsandactivities." ofbachelor's degrees go to women, only American University researchers Myra 17percentofthedoctoratesdo, according and David Sadker have spent the last Spring/Summer 1991 especially those who excel in math. Even self-esteem and their declining interest in among girls who are gifted in math, the math and science. The proportionofboys fearofpeerrejection seemstobeamajor who said they liked science dropped by factor in their decision not to enroll in only 7 percentage points fromelementary math. In short, girls see math as unfemi- school to high school, while there was a nine. Real women, they believe, do not 12 percent drop forgirls. The numberof solveequations. boys who said they liked math fell by 12 Liquidsbecomesolidsinachemexperiment. "Girls are afraid to achieve at the percentagepoints,comparedto20percent- expenseofhaving friends, especially boy- agepointsamonggirls. The gendergap friends,whereasboysdon'thavethatsame Cultural background appears to be an- stops here kind of fear," says Dr. Jan Pedersen, otherfactorinwhethergirlslikeordowell assistantprofessorofpsychology atLeba- in math and science. In some cultures, nonValley."Theyarealsobecomingmore particularly Asian, there is no drop in Whilenationallythepercentagesofwomen awareoftheissueofcareervs.familyand math/science skills or interest forgirls at studying science and math are low, Leba- the choices women have to make. They adolescence. A 1987 study in Hawaii non Valley College boasts very favorable begintorecognizethatthecostofsuccess, revealed that girls actually scored higher enrollmentsintheseareas. particularlyinanon-traditionalcareer,will than boys in math achievementtests. The Some38percentofthecollege'smathe- be higherforthem, whichfurtherreduces resultsweremorepronouncedforJapanese- matics students are female, as are 44 theincentivetotry." American, Filipino-American and native percentofchemistrystudents,48.5percent It is probably not coincidental, then, Hawaiian students, suggesting that math of biology students and 67.5 percent of thatthe gendergap in math scoresbegins achievementisnotconsideredunfeminine psychology students. Physics is closer to to appear around age 14, and becomes a inthosecultures.Otherstudieshavefound thenationalaverage,with8.5percent. yawning chasm by the time students are that Asian-American girls receive more JoanneRosen,adjunctprofessorofchem- readytogotocollege. encouragementfromtheirparentsandless istry, believes the numbers of women Girlsalsoexperienceadramaticdropin negative pressure from male peers about students in the hard sciences are so high self-esteem during adolescence. Dr. Carol preparingformathandsciencecareers. becauseLebanonValleyisasmall,private Gilligan, a professorofeducation at Har- "There seems to be an attitude among undergraduateinstitution. vardandapioneerinstudyingthedevelop- Asianparentsthatbothgirlsandboyscan "Lebanon Valley is also a very special ment ofgirls, described this phenomenon be good at math and science," says placebecauseitisamuchmorenurturing in her book, In a Different Voice. She McElroy. "Their assumption appears to ascthmoooslpshe—repartthiacunlarmlyanfyorwuonmdeerng.raIduhaatvee offoutnhdemtsheatlvgeirslsanatdaagree1su1phraevmeelayclceoanrfsiednesnet bmeortehatadfouinncgtiwoenllofinwomraktihnganhdarsdcitehnacneoifs been affiliated with several colleges and in their abilities, but lose that confidence beingmaleorfemale." universities, and I have neverseen such a byage 15or16. Thequestionofachievementinmathand nurturingatmosphere.Girlsneedthatalot Gilligan's research was borne out by science is not simply an academic or morethanboysbecauseofthesocialization anotherrecentstudy,commissionedbythe feministone,saysMcElroy.WiththeU.S. processthatdiscouragesthemfrompursu- AmericanAssociationofUniversityWomen expectedtoexperienceashortfallof750,000 ingscienceandmath." (AAUW). It indicated that girls emerge scientists andengineersby theyear2000, The college also has a more than from adolescence with a poorself-image, it is becoming increasingly important that respectablenumberoffemalefacultyteach- relatively low expectations from life and thecountrymakeuseofallavailabletalent. ingmathandscience. much less confidence in themselves and "We simply can't afford to neglect an SevenofLebanon Valley's women fac- their abilities. The study, released in importantpoolofmathematicalandscien- ulty and administrators were instructors January, surveyed 3,000 children in 36 tifictalent— women,"shestates. and role models for the recent math and schools in 12 different communities. At SeminarsliketheoneatLebanonValley science seminar for junior high girls. age 9, some 60 percent ofthe girls were College can help increase that pool, says ParticipatingwereDr. JanPedersen, assis- confident,assertiveandfeltpositiveabout Rosen,butothermeasuresmustbecarried tant professorofpsychology; Dr. Barbara themselves. But only 37 percent felt that outonanationalscale."Weneedtorethink Denison, director of academic support way by the time they reached middle ourprejudices and look at revampingour services forContinuing Education; Debo- school;andbyhighschool,ithaddropped educationalsystemsothatgirlsandwomen rah Fullam, treasurer and controller; Dr. further, to 29 percent. While boys' self- don't fall through the cracks in math and CarolynHanes,assistantprofessorofsoci- esteem also lost ground during the same science study. Major changes are needed ology; Dr.JeanneHey,assistantprofessor time period, the fall-off was much less andweneedtomaketheminahurry." — ofeconomics;JoanneRosen,adjunctassis- dramatic from67percentinelementary tantprofessorofchemistry;andDr. Susan school,to56percentinmiddleschooland Verhoek,professorofbiology. MarieLan- 46percentinhighschool. JudyPehrson,directorofcollegerelations dis, a sophomore mathematics major, as- Significantly, the AAUW study also for Lebanon Valley College, is editor of sistedwiththephysicsdemonstration. uncovered a link between girls' loss of TheValley. TheValley