Table Of Content

Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. mao USDA-ARS Action Plan for Fruit Flies ay 18 Research United States Department of Agriculture : i = National Agricultural Library USDA-ARS ACTION PLAN FOR FRUIT FLIES RESEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface by Robert M. Faust and James R. Coppedge Executive Summary palpi Objectives and Charge Overview Al al pe Detection and Delimitation A. Pheromones ak Mediterranean Fruit Fly 2 Anastrepha a. A, ludens b. Other Anastrepha Species 3% Bactrocera (Dacus) 4. Toxotrypana B. Parapheromones le Mediterranean Fruit Fly a. Trimedlure b. Ceralure coe a-Copaene and Related Sesquiterpenes ds Other 2a Oriental Fruit Fly a. Methyleugenol be Alternates Si Melon Fruit Fly a. Cuelure 4. Malaysian Fruit Fly a. Latilure be Other De Anastrepha a. A. ludens and obliqua b. Other Anastrepha 6. Female Attractants iz Dispensing Systems Gy Food and Other Attractants 21 dye Proteinaceous Food Baits 22 a. Anastrepha 22 b. Mediterranean Fruit Fly 23 c. Bactrocera (Dacus) 22 2 Host-derived Attractants a. Anastrepha 23 b> Mediterranean Fruit Fly 25 ce Bactrocera (Dacus) oe (2) Traps, Devices and Formulations Mediterranean Fruit Fly Anastrepha Bactrocera (Dacus) Systems Trap Locations Attractant Dispensers WDNOHFE Host Survey Techniques i Acoustics Systematics ie Genetic 2 Age ID She Sperm ID 4, Taxonomic ID Ge Semiochemical Structure/Activity Relationships H. Behavior Ld. Exclusion TaN Quarantine Security i Post-Harvest Techniques ae Chemical 0.1 Alternates for Methyl bromide b. Physical Calis Heat 0.1 Disinfestation 0.2 Phytotoxicity ae Cold e. Electromagnetic ies Irradiation Systems Approach a. Host Resistance 0.1 Biochemical resistance 0.2 Physiology b. Population Reduction Onle Bait 0.2 Sanitation 0.3 Male annihilation 0.4 Mass trapping Ce Host Status Di Fly-Free Zones ae Anastrepha a. A. suspensa b. A. ludens Bactrocera (Dacus) Rhagoletis (3) CG. Inspection/Interception Systems Ae Chemical Detectors rae Physical Detectors a Social Research 4, ELISA Technique ie Control and Eradication LA. Chemical Pesticides (with and without attractants) Ly Soil treatments 2h Bait Sprays ak Microbials ie Hormonal ci. Malathion 0.1 Dose 0.2 Replacements/Inorganics-boron/ Pyrethroids d. Other B: Male/Female Annihilation ue Male Annihilation a. Oriental Fruit Fly 0.1 Alternates for Methyleugenol Naled by Melon Fly CG. Malaysian Fruit Fly d. Mediterranean Fruit Fly 0.1 Sticky boards Plastics Min-U-gel ; Formulations of attractants SoFrcW h 0. Attractants e. Anastrepha Le Female Annihilation Oriental Fruit Fly Papaya Fruit Fly Mediterranean Fruit Fly Anastrepha oAandSoppac ing and Dosage Information C. Autocidal Control (SIT) 103 Le Rearing a. Diet 0.1 Nutritional Needs 0.2 Recycling 0.3 Automation 0.4 Quality Control 108 Establish Rearing Techniques for Other Species 109 0.1 A. obliqua 109 0.2 A. fraterculus 110 Strain Selection 110 0.1 Mutation selection 110 (4) 0.2 Bioengineering Lis 0.3 Strain Improvement i\p\s d. Single Sex Strain 114 0.1 Mutation selection 114 0.2 Bioengineering 114 e. Gene Transfer in Wild Populations 117 2 Behavioral Quality Control of Flies iv a. Laboratory Testing Methods aly 7, by Field Testing Methods IS 0.1 In vitro method for determination of sterility 120 0.2 Sperm ID for mating 120 0.3 Dispersal au 0.4 Mating L2a 0.5 Host-finding L25 c. Identification of Species Lae 0.1 Dyeing 1DAl 0.2 Genetic markers alyail oF Irradiation, Marking, Packaging, Shipping and Release Techniques ala a. Sterilization 122 0.1 Irradiation 123 0.2 Atmospheres 123 0.3 Temperatures 123 0.4 Dosimetry 23 b. Dyeing 125 (oh Packaging for Shipment 124 d. Release systems 124 Osles Pupal 126 0.2 Adult-Ground 126 Ors" “Adul t-Aix 126 e. Combo Treatment - Sterile Female Released with MAT 126 4. Strategy and Tactics 126 a. Distribution 20 b. Overflooding E29 Cc: Monitoring and Evaluation 22 D. Biocontrol 123 dys Pathogens 129 a. Fungi 129 DE Bacteria 129 C. Virus 124, Ge Nematodes 129 Hae Parasitoids 133 a. Exploration and Introduction 134 be Rearing and Handling 134 0.1 Quality control 136 Cc. Inundative Releases 137 0.1 Mediterranean fruit fly Loe, 0.2 Melon fly 137, 0.3 OrientalMi rurestly 139 (5) 0.4 Anastrepha 139 d. Combination Systems 140 e. Behavior 140 0.1 Semiochemicals 141 0.2 Acoustics 141 0.3 Ecology habitat 141 oie Predators 142 IV. Fundamental Biology 143 aS: Ecology and Behavior 143 alt Movement 143 a. Dispersal 143 b. Host - finding 147 Ze Mating 147 Bhs Egg- Laying 149 a. Host Selection 149 b. Process 151 4. Feeding 151 oe Diurnal Rhythm Toe 6. Developmental Modeling 151. a. Individual ie b. Population to? the Population Spatial Models 153 a. Geographic Information System (GIS) 153 De Population Estimates 154 oe Mediation by Semiochemicals 155 Be Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics 156 bee Reproduction and Development 156 a. Ovarian Development 156 Ze Endocrinology 57 a. Hormonal Sehy) She Enzymes 158 a. Detoxification 158 4. Histological 158 oi Biochemical 158 a. Nutritional 158 b. Biochemical Pathways/Metabolism T59 6. Neurophysiology 19 Appendices Ae ARS Research Action Plan Committee A-1 Be Needs for Research Suggested by Industry B-1 G. Needs for Research Suggested by Action and Regulatory Agencies c-1 DE ARS Contributors List D-1 (6) ARS Contributors Index Meeting Attendees - APHIS, Public Agency, Industry ARS Meeting Attendees Gaps in the Fruit Fly Research Action Plan Priority Needs of Medfly Research Identified at the CDFA Workshop, October 16 and 17, 1991 I-1