Urbanism in Antiquity: From Mesopotamia to Crete

297 Pages·1999·14.65 MB·English

by  Walter E. Aufrecht

JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
SUPPLEMENT SERIES
244
Editors
David J.A. Clines
Philip R. Davies
Executive Editor
John Jarick
Editorial Board
Robert P. Carroll, Richard J. Coggins, Alan Cooper, J. Cheryl Exum,
John Goldingay, Robert P. Gordon, Norman K. Gottwald,
Andrew D.H. Mayes, Carol Meyers, Patrick D. Miller
Sheffield Academic Press
Participants of the Lethbridge conference on urbanism from left to right: Front row: M. Fortin, E. Ben Zvi, T. Banning, C. Routledge, M. Tsipopoulou.
Second row: R. Sweet, M. Sweet, A. Rosen, W. Dever, B. Routledge, B. MacKay. Third row: D. Redford, M. Daviau, W. Aufrecht, L. Herr, N. Mirau,
D. Rupp. Not pictured: S. Rosen.
Urbanism in Antiquity
From Mesopotamia to Crete
edited by
Walter E. Aufrccht, Neil A. Mirau
& Steven W. Gauley
Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
Supplement Series 244
For
Richard J. Scheuer
Copyright © 1997 Sheffield Academic Press
Published by Sheffield Academic Press Ltd
Mansion House
19 Kingfield Road
Sheffield S1 19AS
England
Printed on acid-free paper in Great Britain
by Bookcraft Ltd
Midsomer Norton, Bath
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library
ISBN 1-85075-666-X
CONTENTS
Foreword 7
Abbreviations 8
List of Contributors 11
Introduction 13
E.B. BANNING
Spatial Perspectives on Early Urban Development in Mesopotamia 17
RONALD F.G. SWEET
Writing as a Factor in the Rise of Urbanism 35
MICHEL FORTIN
Urbanisation et 'redistribution' de surplus agricoles
en Mésopotamie septentrionale (3000-2500 av. J.-C.) 50
STEVEN A. ROSEN
Craft Specialization and the Rise of Secondary Urbanism:
A View from the Southern Levant 82
ARLENE MILLER ROSEN
The Agricultural Base of Urbanism
in the Early Bronze II-III Levant 92
NEIL A. MIRAU
The Social Context of Early Iron Working in the Levant 99
WALTER E. AUFRECHT
Urbanization and Northwest Semitic Inscriptions
of the Late Bronze and Iron Ages 116
6 Urbanism in Antiquity
BRUCE ROUTLEDGE
Learning to Love the King:
Urbanism and the State in Iron Age Moab 130
LARRY G. HERR
Urbanism at Tell el-'Umeiri
during the Late Bronze IIB-Iron IA Transition 145
P.M. MICHÈLE DAVIAU
Tell Jawa:
A Case Study of Ammonite Urbanism during Iron Age II 156
WILLIAM G. DEVER
Archaeology, Urbanism, and the Rise of the Israelite State 172
EHUD BEN ZVI
The Urban Center of Jerusalem and the Development
of the Literature of the Hebrew Bible 194
DONALD B. REDFORD
The Ancient Egyptian 'City': Figment or Reality? 210
CAROLYN ROUTLEDGE
Temple as the Center in Ancient Egyptian Urbanism 221
DAVID W. RUPP
'Metro' Nea Paphos: Suburban Sprawl in Southwestern Cyprus
in the Hellenistic and Earlier Roman Periods 236
METAXIA TSIPOPOULOU
Palace-Centered Polities in Eastern Crete:
Neopalatial Petras and its Neighbors 263
D. BRUCE MACKAY
A View from the Outskirts: Realignments from Modern
to Postmodern in the Archaeological Study of Urbanism 278
Index of Authors 286
FOREWORD
We at The University of Lethbridge are proud of our emphasis on the
Liberal Arts. We feel that an appreciation of the Liberal Arts helps us
not only to increase our awareness of who we are, but increases our
appreciation and enjoyment of life itself. Archaeology, as I see it, has
a strong element of art.
As a scientist, I am aware of and appreciate the contribution of past
scientists. We build on the shoulders of scientists of yesterday. Many
great past discoveries may seem commonplace to us today, but in their
day, they were great advances. Looking back, we realize that these
past discoveries have permitted others to make advances that have
contributed to our own welfare and enjoyment.
Archaeology is also a science. Archaeologists have the challenging
problem of understanding what people in the past did and the advances
that they made. The lack of written texts does not lessen the impor-
tance of the 'breakthroughs' that resulted in the development of past
civilizations. It is the work of archaeologists that enables us to under-
stand these ancient civilizations, to understand ourselves and our civi-
lization.
I am pleased to note that, in addition to the many scholars from
across Canada who participated in this conference, there were scholars
from Greece, Israel and the United States of America. Their visit
enlivened our community and enriched our knowledge.
Dr Robert Hironaka
Chancellor, The University of Lethbridge
ABBREVIATIONS
AA American Anthropologist
AAAS Annales archeologiques arabes syriennes
AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
ABD D.N. Freedman (ed.), Anchor Bible Dictionary
AcAr Acta Archaeologica
ADAJ Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan
AfO Archiv fur Orientforschung
AJA American Journal of Archaeology
Akk Akkadica
Ant Antiquity
AmAnt American Antiquity
ARA Annual Review of Anthropology
AS Anatolian Studies
ASHL The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land (ed. T.E. Levy;
New York: Facts on File)
ATU Archaische Texte aus Uruk (Berlin: Gebr. Mann)
AUSS Andrews University Seminary Studies
BA Biblical Archaeologist
BAR Biblical Archaeology Review
BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
BAT Biblical Archaeology Today: Proceedings of the International
Congress on Biblical Archaeology, Jerusalem, April 1984
(ed. J. Amitai; Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, Israel
Academy of Sciences and Humanities, American Schools of
Oriental Research, 1985)
BATS Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990: Proceedings of the Second
International Congress on Biblical Archeology, Pre-Congress
Symposium: Population, Production and Power, Jerusalem,
June 1990, Supplement (ed. A. Biran and J. Aviram;
Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1993)
BCH Bulletin de Correspondance Hellenique
BCSMS Bulletin of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies
BeO Bibbia e oriente
BIFAO Bulletin de I'institutfrancais d'archeologie orientale
BRev Bible Review
BO Bibliotheca orientalis
Abbreviations 9
BSA Annual of the British School in Athens
CA Current Anthropology
CR:BS Currents in Research: Biblical Studies
CRIPEL Cahiers de recherches de Vinstitutde Papyrologie et
d'Egyptologie de Lille
Er-h Eretz-Israel
Geo Geoarchaeology
HTR Harvard Theological Review
HUCA Hebrew University College Annual
IE] Israel Exploration Journal
JAA Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
JAR Journal of Anthropological Research
JARCE Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
JBL Journal of Biblical Literature
JEA Journal of Egyptian Archeology
JESHO Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
JFA Journal of Field Archaeology
JMA Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology
JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies
JNSL Journal of the Northwest Semitic Languages
JR Journal of Religion
JRom Journal of Roman Studies
JRS Journal of Religious Studies
JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
JSP Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha
LASBF Liber Annuus Studii Biblici Franciscani
LdA Lexicon der Agyptologie
Lev Levant
MARI Mori, Annales de recherches interdisciplinaires
MDAIK Mitteilungen des deutschen archdologischen Institut, Kairo
MDOG Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft
Meso Mesopotamia
MMA Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology
NABU Nouvelles assyriologiques breves et utilitaires
NEAEHL The New Encyclopedia of the Archaeological Excavations in
the Holy Land (ed. E. Stern et al.; New York: Simon &
Schuster, 1993)
OLP Orientalia lovaniensia periodica
Or Orientalia
PAM Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
PEFA Palestine Exploration Fund Annual
PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly
PGL Phoinikeia Grammata, Lire et ecrire en Mediterranee
(ed. C. Baaurain, C. Bonnet and V. Krings; Namur:
Societe des Etudes Classiques, 1991)