Unequal Friendship: The Patron-Client Relationship in Historical Perspective

432 Pages·2017·2.24 MB·English

by  Antoni Mączak

Polish Studies – 20 Polish Studies –
Transdisciplinary Perspectives 20 Transdisciplinary Perspectives 20
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periods in time as ancient Rome, seven- well as Corresponding Member of the i
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teenth- and eighteenth-century Poland, Polish Academy of Sciences. He lectured F in Historical Perspective
as well as twentieth-century America. It at many academic centers worldwide, l
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also analyzes clientelism in U.S. policy including the University of Illinois at u
toward the Vietnam War and in Richard J. Champaign-Urbana, University of Notre q
Daley’s mayoral rule over Chicago. In his Dame and McGill University. He wrote e
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comparative approach the author makes about the economic history of Poland and U
broad use of theories from such fields as on the comparative history of Poland and
history, sociology, anthropology and lin- Europe.
guistics while considering the global scale
of the patron-client relationship and the
immense role that clientelism has played
in world history.
ISBN 978-3-631-62668-9
Polish Studies – 20 Polish Studies –
Transdisciplinary Perspectives 20 Transdisciplinary Perspectives 20
k
a
z
c
a˛
M
i
n
o
Antoni Ma˛czak t Antoni Ma˛czak
n
A
Unequal Friendship
p Unequal Friendship
This book analyzes the patron-client The Author hi
relationship over both space and time. It Antoni Ma˛czak was full Professor of s
d
covers such areas of the globe as Europe, History at the University of Warsaw. He
n
Africa and Latin America, and such was Fellow of Collegium Invisibile, as e The Patron-Client Relationship
periods in time as ancient Rome, seven- well as Corresponding Member of the i
r
teenth- and eighteenth-century Poland, Polish Academy of Sciences. He lectured F in Historical Perspective
as well as twentieth-century America. It at many academic centers worldwide, l
a
also analyzes clientelism in U.S. policy including the University of Illinois at u
toward the Vietnam War and in Richard J. Champaign-Urbana, University of Notre q
Daley’s mayoral rule over Chicago. In his Dame and McGill University. He wrote e
n
comparative approach the author makes about the economic history of Poland and U
broad use of theories from such fields as on the comparative history of Poland and
history, sociology, anthropology and lin- Europe.
guistics while considering the global scale
of the patron-client relationship and the
immense role that clientelism has played
in world history.
Unequal Friendship
POLISH STUDIES
TRANSDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES
Edited by Krzysztof Zajas / Jarosław Fazan
VOLUME 20
POLISH STUDIES Antoni M czak
TRANSDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES
(cid:166)
Edited by Krzysztof Zajas / Jarosław Fazan
Unequal Friendship
VOLUME 20
The Patron-Client Relationship in Historical Perspective
Translated by Alex Shannon
Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche
Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in
the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic
data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Maczak, Antoni, author.
Title: Unequal friendship : the patron-client relationship in historical
perspective(cid:2149) / Antoni Maczak.
Description: Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, internationaler
Verlag der Wissenschafte(cid:2149) n, 2017. | Series: Polish studies:
transdisciplinary perspectives, ISSN 2191-3293 ; vol. 20 | Includes
bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017005903| ISBN 9783631626689 (print) | ISBN 9783653023688
(ePDF) | ISBN 9783631710203 (ePUB) | ISBN 9783631710210 (MOBI)
Subjects: LCSH: Patronage, Political—History. | Patron and client—History.
Classification: LCC JF2111 .M33 2017 | DDC 324.2/04—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017005903
Cover-Image: © Dmitrii Korolev / Fotolia.com.
The Publication is founded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic
of Poland as a part of the National Program for the Development of the Humanities.
This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Ministry cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
ISSN 2191-3293
ISBN 978-3-631-62668-9 (Print)
E-ISBN 978-3-653-02368-8 (E-PDF)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-71020-3 (EPUB)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-71021-0 (MOBI)
DOI 10.3726/978-3-653-02368-8
© Peter Lang GmbH
Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
Frankfurt am Main 2017
All rights reserved.
Peter Lang Edition is an Imprint of Peter Lang GmbH.
Peter Lang – Frankfurt am Main ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙
Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien
All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any
utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without
the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to
prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions,
translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in
electronic retrieval systems.
This publication has been peer reviewed.
www.peterlang.com
Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Table of Contents
Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in
the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic
data is available in the internet athttp://dnb.d-nb.de.
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Maczak,Antoni,author. 1. On This Subject and its Fate ...................................................................... 10
Title: Unequal friendship : the patron-client relationship in historical
perspective(cid:2149) / Antoni Maczak. 2. An Author’s Debts ...................................................................................... 13
Description:Frankfurt am Main ; NewYork : Peter Lang, internationaler
Verlag der Wissenschafte(cid:2149) n, 2017. | Series: Polish studies:
Chapter 1: The Clientele as the “Pornography of Politics”:
transdisciplinaryperspectives, ISSN 2191-3293 ; vol. 20 | Includes
bibliographical references. Words and Their Meaning ............................................................................. 17
Identifiers: LCCN 2017005903| ISBN 9783631626689 (print) | ISBN 9783653023688
(ePDF) | ISBN 9783631710203 (ePUB) | ISBN 9783631710210 (MOBI) 1. In Search of Words ...................................................................................... 20
Subjects: LCSH: Patronage, Political—History. | Patron and client—History. a. Sir Walter and the Eroticism of the Clientele ..................................... 25
Classification: LCC JF2111 .M33 2017 | DDC 324.2/04—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017005903 2. Formal/Informal ......................................................................................... 28
Cover-Image: © Dmitrii Korolev / Fotolia.com. 3. Open Questions .......................................................................................... 29
The Publication is founded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic 4. Christ and Aristotle .................................................................................... 31
of Poland as a part of the NationalProgram for the Development of the Humanities.
This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Ministry cannot be held
Chapter 2: Elements of Theory .................................................................. 35
responsiblefor any use which may be madeof the information contained therein.
1. The Two Languages of Science .................................................................. 36
2. Proposed Definitions .................................................................................. 39
ISSN 2191-3293
ISBN 978-3-631-62668-9 (Print) a. The Cavalcata in the Service of Church Reform ................................ 48
E-ISBN 978-3-653-02368-8 (E-PDF) b. St. Paul and the Christian Community in Corinth ........................... 51
E-ISBN 978-3-631-71020-3 (EPUB)
E-ISBN978-3-631-71021-0 (MOBI) 3. Fidélités-C lientéles: Roland Mousnier and the Anglo- Saxons ............... 56
DOI 10.3726/978-3-653-02368-8 a. King Henry and the Knight Errant ...................................................... 59
© Peter Lang GmbH
Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Chapter 3: Gestures of a Lop- Sided Friendship ................................. 69
Frankfurt am Main 2017
All rights reserved. 1. The Social Function of the Kiss ................................................................. 69
Peter Lang Edition is an Imprint of Peter Lang GmbH.
2. Equality – Subordination – Subservience ................................................ 70
Peter Lang – Frankfurt am Main ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙
Oxford ∙Warszawa ∙Wien 3. The Clientele in Graphics: Gérard de Lairesse ........................................ 73
All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any 4. The Clientele in Graphics: Jean- Pierre Norblin ...................................... 76
utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyrightlaw, without a. The Polish Nobleman in the Eyes of a Woman from Gdańsk .......... 82
the permission ofthe publisher, isforbidden and liable to
prosecution.Thisappliesinparticulartoreproductions, 5. The Gesture on the Upper Nile, the Hudson, and the Vistula .............. 83
translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in
electronic retrieval systems.
Chapter 4: Antiquity: The Forgotten Clientele .................................. 87
This publication has been peer reviewed.
1. Two Legends ................................................................................................ 89
www.peterlang.com
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2. The Era of the Republic: The Classic Clientele ........................................ 91
a. Plutarch: Marius ..................................................................................... 94
3. On the Monopoly over Clienteles ............................................................. 97
Chapter 5: The Modern State and its Variants .................................. 101
1. The Royal Court: “The Sun and its Reflected Rays” ............................. 102
2. The Astronomer as Courtier ................................................................... 105
3. “Merrie Olde England” and its Court .................................................... 110
4. The Clientele Formalized: Scottish Bonds of Manrent ........................ 126
5. Bloody Revenge (the Feud), or Elements of a Historical Parallel ....... 134
6. France: The Royal Court, the Aristocracy, and Officials ...................... 139
7. Sweden as a Power: The Court and Nobility in Service to the State ...... 146
a. A Polish Noblewoman in the Swedish Network .............................. 149
Chapter 6: The Old- Poland Clientele ................................................... 151
1. The Rzeczpospolita Samorządowa ........................................................... 152
2. The Consequences of the Statutes (Privileges) of Nieszawa (1454) ....... 158
3. Clientelism and Oligarchy ....................................................................... 162
4. Liberty and the Raison d’état: “Anonym” on the Rzeczpospolita ........ 165
5. The Magnateria: Magnatial Rule over Space ......................................... 175
6. Political Clientelism Alla Polacca ............................................................ 181
a. To Like as Much as One’s Interests Command ................................ 183
7. The Revival of Political Sarmatism ......................................................... 190
Chapter 7: The Mediterranean Lands ................................................... 197
1. South and North ....................................................................................... 198
a. Selling Vegetables in the South .......................................................... 198
2. The Conflict over Mezzogiorno ............................................................... 203
3. “Amoral Familism” and Limited Good .................................................. 205
a. Scarcity and a Lord’s Grace ................................................................. 211
4. Sicily ............................................................................................................ 212
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5. The Mafioso and his Clientele: From the Feudo to Crime Syndicate ..... 215
a. Don Calò and Don Genco: “Honey wouldn’t melt in their
mouths” ................................................................................................. 219
6. The Peripheries and Extremities of the Mediterranean Region .......... 226
a. The Feud, or to be a Client from the Cradle ..................................... 230
7. “And thou shalt take no gift […]” ........................................................... 232
a. Corruption in the Building of Socialism on One Country ............ 235
8. The Patron, the Client, and the Division of Social Income ................. 242
Chapter 8: The Clientele and Political Parties .................................. 249
a. “Besen-, Fakten – und Aktenrein” ....................................................... 252
1. “Palimpsest of Friendship”: Victorian Patronage among Gentlemen ..... 254
2. Italy: From Unification through the Crisis in Christian Democracy ..... 270
3. The United States: The White House and its Surroundings ................ 281
a. The Führer’s Gefolgsmann ................................................................... 282
b. “The Best and the Brightest” ............................................................... 283
4. Chicago: Mayor Richard J. Daley and the “Democratic Political
Machine” .................................................................................................... 287
a. The Reflections of Mr. Plunkitt .......................................................... 290
Chapter 9: The USSR: Lenin, Stalin and Collective Leadership .... 299
1. The Legacy of Autocracy and Revolution .............................................. 299
2. From Cliques to Terror ............................................................................ 302
3. Clienteles in the Era of “Collective Leadership” ................................... 309
4. “Anatomy of a Spectre” ............................................................................. 320
a. Sweaters for the Arctic ......................................................................... 321
Chapter 10: Africa, Kings, Dictators and Citizens- Subjects ...... 325
1. European Words in the African Bush .................................................... 326
2. African Cases of Feudalism/Clientelism ................................................ 328
3. Variations on Dependence: Cows and People ....................................... 340
a. Proverbs from the Lakes ..................................................................... 341
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4. Farmers and Forest People ....................................................................... 342
5. The Patron and Colonial Administration .............................................. 344
6. Decolonization and the Myth of Modernization .................................. 349
7. Mobutu Sese Seko as Le Roi Soleil .......................................................... 352
Chapter 11: The Third World: Unity and Diversity ........................ 361
1. Thailand and Quasi- Clientelism ............................................................. 361
a. Falcons and Camels ............................................................................. 363
2. Latin America: One or Many? ................................................................. 363
3. Compadre- Compadrazgo ........................................................................ 367
4. Between the Hacienda and the Ballot Box ............................................ 371
Chapter 12: The Clientele Today on a Global Scale ....................... 373
1. Mchod- Yon: Patronage and the Sovereignty of Tibet ........................... 374
2. Clientelism as the Highest Stage of Imperialism .................................. 376
3. The Dictator as Rebellious Client ........................................................... 387
Chapter 13: Sketches of the Present Day: Clienteles after
Communism ...................................................................................................... 391
1. Patrons and Clients in Poland after the PRL ......................................... 391
2. Russia: Market Variations and the Spluttering of Clients .................... 399
Final Thoughts: On Reservations, and Values ................................... 407
1. People and Animals .................................................................................. 411
Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 413
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