uncivil mirth Uncivil Mirth ridicule in enlightenment Britain Ross Carroll prince ton university press prince ton & oxford Copyright © 2021 by Prince ton University Press Prince ton University Press is committed to the protection of copyright and the intellectual property our authors entrust to us. Copyright promotes the prog ress and integrity of knowledge. Thank you for supporting free speech and the global exchange of ideas by purchasing an authorized edition of this book. If you wish to reproduce or distribute any part of it in any form, please obtain permission. Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to permissions@press . princeton . edu Published by Prince ton University Press 41 William Street, Prince ton, New Jersey 08540 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TR press . princeton . edu All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Carroll, Ross, 1981– author. Title: Uncivil mirth : ridicule in enlightenment Britain / Ross Carroll. Description: Prince ton : Prince ton University Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020040571 (print) | LCCN 2020040572 (ebook) | ISBN 9780691182551 (acid- free paper) | ISBN 9780691220536 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Ridicule. | Great Britain— History. | Enlightenment— Great Britain. | Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of, 1801–1885. Classification: LCC BJ1535.R5 C37 2021 (print) | LCC BJ1535.R5 (ebook) | DDC 179/.8–d c23 LC rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2020040571 LC ebook rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2020040572 British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available Editorial: Ben Tate and Josh Drake Production Editorial: Kathleen Cioffi Jacket Design: Chris Ferrante Production: Danielle Amatucci Publicity: Alyssa Sanford and Amy Stewart Copyeditor: Tash Siddiqui Jacket art: Composite of (1) William Hogarth, The Laughing Audience, 1733. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1932, and (2) Thomas Rowlandson, Comedy Spectators, Tragedy Spectators, 1789. Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Elisha Whittelsey Fund, 1959 This book has been composed in Miller Printed on acid- free paper. ∞ Printed in the United Kingdom 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For my parents, Sheila and Geoff Out burst the frannion into open laugh: She blush’d, and frown’d at his uncivil mirth. Then, soften’d to a smile, as hiding half What moste offend if boldly utter’d forth, He seem’d t’essay to give his answer birth: But stopp’d, and chang’d his smiles to looks of ruth. ‘Is this,’ quoth he, ‘fit guerdon for thy worth? ‘Does Cupid thus impose upon thy youth? ‘Dwells, then, in heav’n, such envy, void of love and truth? — anonymous, psyche: or the great metamorphosis contents Acknowledgements · x i Introduction 1 chapter 1 A Polite Diogenes? Ridicule in Shaftesbury’s Politics of Toleration 20 chapter 2 Sociability, Censorship and the Limits of Ridicule from Shaftesbury to Hutcheson 52 chapter 3 Against ‘Dissolute Mirth’: Hume’s Scepticism about Ridicule 85 chapter 4 Scoffing at Scepticism: Ridicule and Common Sense 119 chapter 5 ‘Too Solemn for Laughter’? Scottish Abolitionists and the Mock Apology for Slavery 151 chapter 6 An Education in Contempt: Ridicule in Wollstonecraft’s Politics 182 Conclusion 213 Bibliography · 221 Index · 2 43 [ ix ]