TUBULAR STRUCTURES XIII YYOOUUNNGG1100..iinnddbb ii 1100//1133//22001100 77::4411::2244 PPMM PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TUBULAR STRUCTURES, HONG KONG, CHINA, 15–17 DECEMBER 2010 Tubular Structures XIII Editor Ben Young Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, China YYOOUUNNGG1100..iinnddbb iiiiii 1100//1133//22001100 77::4411::2277 PPMM COVER PHOTOGRAPHS: Front: Langham Place, Hong Kong, China Photographed by Chi-Minh Lee Back: Laboratory Experiment and Finite Element Model of a Stainless Steel Tubular Joint, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, China. CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2010 The University of Hong Kong, China Typeset by Vikatan Publishing Solutions (P) Ltd., Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe (a CPI Group Company), Chippenham, Wiltshire All rights reserved. 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Box 447, 2300 AK Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] www.crcpress.com – www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk – www.balkema.nl ISBN: 978-0-415-58473-9 (Hbk + CD-ROM) ISBN: 978-0-203-82984-4 (eBook) YYOOUUNNGG1100..iinnddbb iivv 1100//1133//22001100 77::4411::2288 PPMM Tubular Structures XIII – Young (ed) © 2010 The University of Hong Kong, ISBN 978-0-415-58473-9 Table of contents Preface xi Publications of the previous symposia on tubular structures xiii Organisation xv Acknowledgements xvii ISTS Kurobane lecture Life extension of fixed platforms 3 N. Zettlemoyer Bolted joints Behaviour of I beam—SHS column steel joints with hollo-bolts: An experimental study 17 A.C.B. Mesquita, L.A.P. Simões da Silva & S. Jordão Static resistance of bolted circular flange joints under tensile force 27 M. Couchaux, M. Hjiaj & I. Ryan Joint rotation behaviour of bolted endplate connections to flowdrilled RHS columns 37 A.Y. Park & Y.C. Wang Validation of an FE model for an experimental blind-bolted moment-resisting connection to concrete filled hollow section 45 A. Al-Mughairi, W. Tizani & J.S. Owen Study on the initial stiffness of blind bolted T-stub connections 53 Z.Y. Wang, W. Tizani & Q.Y. Wang Static strength of joints Improving the ductility of welded connections in rectangular hollow sections 65 L.H. Teh & G.J. Hancock Evaluation of numerical investigations on static behaviour of slender RHS K-gap joints 75 O. Fleischer, R. Puthli & J. Wardenier Elastic axial rigidity formula for multi-planar CHS X-joints and its effect on the behavior of single layer ribbed domes 85 L.J. Jia & Y.Y. Chen Strength of RHS K-joints in brace members with holes required for truss hot-dip galvanizing 95 C. López-Colina, M.A. Serrano-López, J.J. Del Coz-Díaz, G. Iglesias-Toquero & J. González-Martínez Static behaviour of complicated multi-planar tubular joints—A case study in Guangdong Science Center 103 Y.B. Shao, Y.F. Jin, J.C. Zhang, Z.H. Qiu, S.P. Chiew & S.T. Lie Strengthening T-joints in thin-walled tubular structures 109 A. Shaat, J. Aguilera & A. Fam v YYOOUUNNGG1100..iinnddbb vv 1100//1133//22001100 77::4411::2288 PPMM Seismic Cyclic test and analysis on CHS stiffened connections to box section girders with different details 117 W. Wang, Y.Y. Chen & B.D. Zhao Experimental study on overlapped CHS K-joints under cyclic loading 123 X.Z. Zhao, X.B. Xu & Y.Y. Chen Seismic performance evaluation of steel tubular columns under cyclic bidirectional loading 133 I.H.P. Mamaghani Cyclic elastoplastic analysis of steel tubular braces 141 I.H.P. Mamaghani Crack damage of multi-story CFT frame under strong ground motion 149 K. Goto & M. Saisho Numerical study on displacement response of electric truss-columns under earthquake loads 159 L. Wang, J.H. Zhu, A.Z. Zhu & H.P. Zhu Behavior of external diaphragm connection of CHS column with H-shaped beams 167 W.N. Sui & Y.Y. Chen Cyclic testing of hollow structural sections for seismic applications in low to mid-rise moment frames 175 J. McCormick, M. Fadden & J. Buison Stability Buckling analysis of cold-formed RHS frames using Generalised Beam Theory 187 C. Basaglia & D. Camotim Eccentric cleat plate connections in hollow section members in compression 197 T. Wilkinson, D. Stock & A. Hastie Bearing capacity of hollow flange beams with web penetrations 205 T. Wilkinson, M. Judd, M. Popplewell & J. Salhini Local buckling limits of tubular sections in bending and compression 213 A.M. Gresnigt, C.A. Willemse & S.A. Karamanos Buckling response of submarine pipelines under combined tension and bending 223 S.F. Gong, H. Deng, L. Yuan & W.L. Jin Stainless steel & aluminium Column tests of concrete-filled aluminium tubular sections 233 F. Zhou & B. Young Analytical solution for residual stresses in cold-formed stainless steel circular hollow sections due to cold bending 241 W.M. Quach & C. Cai Recent research on stainless steel tubular structures 249 L. Gardner Compression resistance of aluminium stub columns using Continuous Strength Method 257 M. Ashraf & B. Young Residual stress pattern of stainless steel SHS 265 M. Jandera & J. Machacek Effects of different adhesive and FRP on strengthening of stainless steel tubular structural members 273 S.M.Z. Islam & B. Young vi YYOOUUNNGG1100..iinnddbb vvii 1100//1133//22001100 77::4411::2288 PPMM Oval hollow sections Numerical study on the ultimate strength of elliptical stub columns 283 N. Silvestre & L. Gardner Slenderness limits for EHS and OHS subject to bending using the RHS approach 293 X.L. Zhao, A. Kernot, J.A. Packer & T. Haque Biaxial bending and compression of elliptical hollow sections 303 T.M. Chan, J.M. Abela & L. Gardner Instabilities in elliptical hollow section members 313 K.H. Law & L. Gardner Numerical modelling of concrete-filled stainless steel elliptical hollow sections 323 D. Lam & X. Dai Experimental studies of elliptical concrete-filled tube columns 333 N. Jamaluddin, D. Lam & J. Ye Compression members of cold-formed steel oval hollow sections 341 J.H. Zhu & B. Young Applications & case studies PREON—The flexible standard in hall construction 351 O. Josat Glazed atrium roof shopping center Cotroceni Park, Bucharest 357 M. Eekhout, N. Eekhout, L. Weber & M. Venhuizen Structural design of the Spanish Pavilion for the Expo 2010 in Shanghai 365 J. Martínez Calzón, C. Castañón Jiménez, J.M. Ding, X. Zhao & H.H. Sun Manufacture and construction of the Spanish Pavilion for the Expo 2010 in Shanghai 373 M.Y. Fang, J. Martínez Calzón & C. Castañón Jiménez The architecture of tubular footbridges 381 L.J. Sanz Balduz, J.L. Abadía, J.R. León, M. Bolea, J. Arruga & M. Rivera Diversity of design for welded joints of hollow profiles in shell structures 387 J. Müglitz & C. Seidel Specification & code development Enhanced proof strength after cold process of fabrication of non-linear metallic profiles— Comparison of two predictive models for hollow sections 397 B. Rossi & J.P. Jaspart Background of the new RHS joint strength equations in the IIW (2009) recommendations 403 J. Wardenier, G.J. van der Vegte, J.A. Packer & X.L. Zhao Production standards for cold-formed hollow structural sections 413 J.A. Packer & S.P. Chiew Design tools for hollow section joints 423 K. Weynand, J. Kuck, R. Oerder, S. Herion, O. Fleischer, O. Josat & M. Schneider Material properties of cold formed tubular sections with high yield strength steels 429 K. Ochi Structural integrity Study of the damage on tubular steel structure after 30 years in service 437 Å. Petersen, P. Decosemaeker & M. Lefranc vii YYOOUUNNGG1100..iinnddbb vviiii 1100//1133//22001100 77::4411::2288 PPMM Modern design method using NIDA for scaffolding systems 443 Y.P. Liu & S.L. Chan Structural integrity assessment of tubular structures containing weld defects 449 S. Cicero, R. Lacalle & R. Cicero Fitness for service assessment of tubular structures using the FITNET FFS Procedure 457 S. Cicero, F. Gutiérrez-Solana & R. Cicero Application of Small Punch Test for the characterization of welded joints of tubular structures 465 R. Lacalle, S. Cicero, J.A. Álvarez, B. Arroyo & F. Gutiérrez-Solana Fatigue & fracture Fatigue performance of enhanced partial joint penetration welds for tubular joints 473 P. Marshall, X. Qian & Y. Petchdemaneengam New S-N curves for details in bridges with steel truss tubular superstructure 481 A. Nussbaumer, S. Herion, M. Veselcic & R. Dietrich Comparison of approaches for fatigue design of different tubular joint types 491 F.R. Mashiri, X.L. Zhao, Z. Xiao, P. Dong & L.W. Tong Fatigue strength of truss girders made of Very High Strength Steel 499 R.J.M. Pijpers & M.H. Kolstein Failure assessment of a cracked circular hollow section T-joint including the effect of crack-front constraints 507 X. Qian, Z. Ou & S. Swaddiwudhipong Assessment of brittle fracture from defects using toughness scaling model 515 T. Iwashita & K. Azuma Experimental investigation on stress concentration factors for diamond bird beak T-joints 523 L.W. Tong, D.Q. Yan, Y.Q. Liu & X.L. Zhao Fatigue resistant truss connections with thick walled chords 529 I. Mangerig, R. Wagner & N. Romen Fatigue behavior of welded CHS joints of large dimensions 539 I. Mangerig, N. Romen & R. Wagner Design and fatigue assessment of a stinger 547 N. Ermolaeva, Y. Yu & L. Zhao Influence of welding residual stresses on stable crack growth in tubular K-joints under compressive fatigue loadings 557 C. Acevedo & A. Nussbaumer Crane runways made of hot-rolled mannesmann steel hollow (MSH) sections 567 S. Herion, O. Josat, C. Dittmann, P. Sunder, O. Fleischer & J. Dechent Numerical and experimental plastic collapse loads and CTODs of a cracked square hollow section (SHS) K-joint 575 S.T. Lie, B.F. Zhang, T. Li & Z.M. Yang Composite construction Moment capacity of concrete filled double skin tubes 583 X.L. Zhao & A. Choi Parametric studies of behaviour of composite beam-column end plate connections subjected to low-probability, high-consequence loading 591 O. Mirza & B. Uy viii YYOOUUNNGG1100..iinnddbb vviiiiii 1100//1133//22001100 77::4411::2288 PPMM FE analysis of composite tubular K-joints subjected to static loading 599 Q.Y. Song, L.H. Han & X.L. Zhao In-plane creep behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular arches 607 Y.L. Pi, M.A. Bradford & W.L. Qu Strength design against in-plane failure of concrete-filled steel tubular arches 615 Y.L. Pi, M.A. Bradford, C.Y. Liu & Y.Y. Wang Inclined, tapered and STS concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns under axial compression 623 L.H. Han, Q.X. Ren & W. Li Hybrid FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns with a square outer tube and a circular inner tube: Stub column tests 629 T. Yu & J.G. Teng Experimental investigation on tubular columns infilled with ultra-high strength concrete 637 J.Y.R. Liew & D.X. Xiong Recent developments on design of composite columns in Hong Kong 647 K.F. Chung & C.K. Chan Experiment investigations of stress concentration factor of concrete-filled tubular T joints 657 J. Chen, J. Chen & W.L. Jin An experimental study of rectangular concrete filled tubular (CFT) columns with high strength concrete 663 D. Hernández-Figueirido, J.M. Portoles, M.L. Romero & J.L. Bonet Effect analysis of suspender damage on through concrete filled steel tubular arch bridge 669 H. Chen, W. He, B. Wang & L. Huang Fire Experimental evaluation of steel dual tube column system for fire protection 677 M.B. Wong & J.D. Wang FE analysis of self-consolidating concrete filled double skin tubular columns subjected to fires 683 H. Lu, X.L. Zhao & L.H. Han Fire resistance design of concrete-filled double skin tubular (CFDST) columns 691 H. Lu, X.L. Zhao & L.H. Han Structural performance of extended end-plate connections between tubular steel members in fire 699 O. Salem, G. Hadjisophocleous & E. Zalok A numerical study of the fire behaviour of high strength concrete filled tubular columns 707 A. Espinos, M.L. Romero, A. Hospitaler & C. Ibañez Fire design of external semi-rigid composite joints 715 P. Schaumann & O. Bahr An experimental study of structural behaviours of CHS T-joints subjected to brace axial compression in fire condition 725 M.P. Nguyen, T.C. Fung & K.H. Tan Numerical models and parametric study on ultimate strength of CHS T-joints subjected to brace axial compression under fire condition 733 M.P. Nguyen, K.H. Tan & T.C. Fung Author index 741 ix YYOOUUNNGG1100..iinnddbb iixx 1100//1133//22001100 77::4411::2288 PPMM Tubular Structures XIII – Young (ed) © 2010 The University of Hong Kong, ISBN 978-0-415-58473-9 Preface This book contains the papers presented at the 13th International Symposium on Tubular Structures (ISTS13) held in Hong Kong, China, from December 15 to 17, 2010. The Symposium was organised by The University of Hong Kong in collaboration with the International Institute of Welding Subcommis- sion XV-E and the Comité International pour le Développement et l’Étude de la Construction Tubulaire (CIDECT). The 12 previous symposia, held between 1984 and 2008, are described in the “Publications of the previous symposia on tubular structures” of this book. Throughout its 26-year history the frequency, location and technical content of all the symposia has been determined by the IIW Subcommission XV-E on Tubular Structures. CIDECT financially supported the publication of the Proceedings and the CIDECT President’s stu- dent awards competition. In addition, several corporate sponsors provided key funding: Tata Steel Inter- national, Vallourec & Mannesmann Tubes (V&M), Wo Lee Steel Co. Ltd, Genetron Engineering Co. Ltd and Stalatube OY. It is their generous support that made it possible for this Symposium to continue the tradition of allowing presenting authors of papers to attend the Symposium without payment of registra- tion fees. From modest beginnings this Symposium has now grown to become the principal showcase for manufactured tubing and the prime international forum for discussion of research, developments and applications in the field of tubular structures. This proceedings contains 93 peer-reviewed papers including 6 student papers, which have been reviewed by two international experts in the field. One paper is the invited Kurobane Lecture, given by Dr. Nick Zettlemoyer of the U.S.A., selected by the IIW Subcommission XV-E. The “Kurobane Lec- ture” is the International Symposium on Tubular Structures Keynote Address which was inaugurated at the ISTS8 in 1998. Furthermore, CIDECT has sponsored and administered the “CIDECT President’s Student Awards” competition. One Research Award and one Design Award are given at the Symposium. In these awards, university students world-wide have been invited to submit entries pertaining to their tubular structures research and design. A judging panel established by CIDECT has resulted in the three finalists from each of these awards. Therefore, six student award papers are presented at the Symposium. The student award papers are printed at the Symposium Program (ISBN 978-962-8014-20-0). The two winners of these awards were announced at the ISTS13. The editor would like to express his great gratitude to the reviewers for their hard and excellent work. The editor also wishes to express his appreciation to the staff at The University of Hong Kong who helped to check the formats of the manuscripts. Special thanks are owed to Ran Feng, Aggie Sung and Ruby Kwok for their effort on this Symposium. The information provided in this publication is the sole responsibility of the individual authors. It does not reflect the opinion of the editor, supporting associations, organisations or sponsors, and they are not responsible for any use that might be made of information appearing in this publication. Anyone making use of the contents of this book assumes all liability arising from such use. The editor hopes that the contemporary applications, case studies, concepts, insights, overviews, research summaries, analyses and product developments described in this book provide some inspiration to architects, developers, contractors, engineers and fabricators to build ever more innovative and com- petitive tubular structures. This archival volume of the current “state of the art” will also serve as excellent reference material to academics, researchers, trade associations and manufacturers of hollow sections in the future. Ben Young Editor The University of Hong Kong, China 2010 xi YYOOUUNNGG1100..iinnddbb xxii 1100//1133//22001100 77::4411::2288 PPMM Tubular Structures XIII – Young (ed) © 2010 The University of Hong Kong, ISBN 978-0-415-58473-9 Publications of the previous symposia on tubular structures Z.Y. Shen, Y.Y. Chen & X.Z. Zhao (Eds.) 2009. Tubular Structures XII, 12th International Symposium on Tubular Structures, Shanghai, China, 2008. Boca Raton/London/New York/Leiden: CRC Press/ Balkema. J.A. Packer & S. Willibald (Eds.) 2006. Tubular Structures XI, 11th International Symposium and IIW International Conference on Tubular Structures, Québec, Canada, 2006. London/Leiden/New York: Taylor & Francis (including A.A. Balkema Publishers). M.A. Jaurrieta, A. Alonso & J.A. Chica (Eds.) 2003, Tubular Structures X, 10th International Symposium on Tubular Structures, Madrid, Spain, 2003. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Publishers. R. Puthli & S. Herion (Eds.) 2001. Tubular Structures IX, 9th International Symposium on Tubular Struc- tures, Düsseldorf, Germany, 2001. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Publishers. Y.S. Choo & G.J. van der Vegte (Eds.) 1998. Tubular Structures VIII, 8th International Symposium on Tubular Structures, Singapore, 1998. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Publishers. J. Farkas & K. Jármai (Eds.) 1996. Tubular Structures VII, 7th International Symposium on Tubular Structures, Miskolc, Hungary, 1996. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Publishers. P. Grundy, A. Holgate & B. Wong (Eds.) 1994. Tubular Structures VI, 6th International Symposium on Tubular Structures, Melbourne, Australia, 1994. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Publishers. M.G. Coutie & G. Davies (Eds.) 1993. Tubular Structures V. 5th International Symposium on Tubu- lar Structures, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 1993. London/Glasgow/New York/Tokyo/Melbourne/ Madras: E & FN Spon. J. Wardenier & E. Panjeh Shahi (Eds.) 1991. Tubular Structures, 4th International Symposium on Tubular Structures, Delft, The Netherlands, 1991. Delft: Delft University Press. E. Niemi & P. Mäkeläinen (Eds.) 1990. Tubular Structures, 3rd International Symposium on Tubular Structures, Lappeenranta, Finland, 1989. Essex: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. Y. Kurobane & Y. Makino (Eds.) 1987. Safety Criteria in Design of Tubular Structures, 2nd International Symposium on Tubular Structures, Tokyo, Japan, 1986. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan, IIW. International Institute of Welding 1984. Welding of Tubular Structures/Soudage des Structures Tubulaires, 1st International Symposium on Tubular Structures, Boston, USA, 1984. Oxford/New York/Toronto/ Sydney/Paris/Frankfurt: Pergamon Press. xiii YYOOUUNNGG1100..iinnddbb xxiiiiii 1100//1133//22001100 77::4411::2288 PPMM