Traditional medicinal plants used in Northern Peni for kidney problems and urinary infections

2011·8.4 MB·English

by  Rainer W Bussmann

Traditional medicinal plants used Northern Perú kidney
in for
problems and
urinary
infections
Plantas medicinales norperuanas usadas enfermedades
para
renales e infecciones urinarias
&
Bussmann
Rainer W. Ashley Glenn
L MO
Brown
William Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, Box 299, 63166-0299, USA.
P.O. St. Louis,
[email protected],
Abstract
Perú to treat kidney problems and urinary system disorders, and compare this use to the westem scientific evidence regarding
A
their efficacy. total of 69 plant species belonging to 61 genera and 43 families were documented and identified as herbal
remedies for kidney- and urinary tract problems in northern Perú. Most species used were Asteraceae species, .43%).
(8
1 1
followed by Fabaceae and Poaceae (both 5 species, 7.14%). The most important families are represented similarly as in the
some
overall medicinal flora, while other medicinally important families (e.g. Lycopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae) are completely
missing from the kidney portfolio. The majority of kidney herbal preparations were prepared from the whole plant (27.78%),
64%
while the leaves ofplants (25.56%), flowers (12.22%) and stems (16.67%) were used less frequently. In almost of the cases
88%
fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies. About of the remedies were applied orally, while the remaining ones
some
frequently used traditional remedies against this type of disorders might give leads for future targets for further analysis
countries, Traditional Medicine often the only
is
accessible and affordable treatment available. The Social Security System (EsSalud 2000). According to
WHO WHO
reports that Traditional Medicine the primary (2002), the sustainable cultivation and harvesting
is
%
system of population developing
health care for the in
WHO
countries. In Latin America, the Regional Office
(AMRO/PAHO) 71%
Americas of
for the reports that
The
present study attempts give
to
40%
the population in Chile and of the population in
employed
medicinal plant species
i
i
many
Colombia have used Traditional Medicine. In
therapies in Northern Perú to
Asian countries Traditional Medicine widely used,
is
even though Western medicine often readily available.
is
60-70%
In Japan, of allopathic doctors prescribe
and methods
Material
Complementary Medicine
Alternative also
is
Plant Collections
becoming more and more popular many developed
in
m
US Plants in Perú were collected in the field. markets.
countries. Forty-two percent of the population the
in
and homes
at the of traditional healers (curanderos)
have used Complementary Alternative Medicine
at least
(WHO northern Perú August-September 2001,
in (Fig.
in
once 1998), and a national survey reported the 1)
July-August 2002, July-August 2003, June-August
34% 42% (UNCCD 2004, July-August 2005, July-August 2006, June-
from 1990 1997
in to in 2000).
August 2007, June-August 2008, March-Apnl 2009 and
The number of providers of Complementary
visits to
A
(CAM) now June-August 2009. of 16 informants (healers
Alternative Medicine exceeds by total
far the 1
and market venders) and Chiclayo área
number in the Trujillo
of visits to all primary care physicians in the
(WHO
US
1999ab, 2002).
The
informants were always provided with fresh
plant material, either collected with them, by them, or
available at their market stands. The questionnaires did
many
growing of The
in parts the world. 1997 out-
cpts.
of-pocket Complementary Alternative Medicine ,
US$
was
expenditure estimated at 2,700 million in the
USA. The world market for herbal medicines based on
now
knowledge US$
traditional estimated 60,000
is at
prepared, are any other plants added to the mixture." All
million (Breevort 1998).
questions were asked same informants
in the order. All
Northern Perú is believ< the center of the were of Mestizo origin, and spoke only Spanish as their
:
A
Andean
Central Health imino and The
1992), native language. study covered the four existing
medicinal
traditional practic s región are still an medicinal plant markets of the región, and included all
venders present. All interviews were conducted with the
Sharon 2006, Bussmann 2006, De Feo 1992, Joralemon same set of participants. The specimens are registered
"
and Sharon 1993, Polia 1988, Sharon 1978, 1980, under the collection "RBU/PL," "ISA," "GER
series
1994, 2000, Sharon and Bussmann "JULS," "EHCHL," "VFCHL," "TRUBH," and
2006). Traditional
"TRUVANERICA,"
depending on the year of fieldwork
national governments and health
providers. Peru's
National Program in Complementary Medicine and the Spanish h\ tluent speakers. Surveyors would approach
Pan American
Health Organization compared
recently healers, collectors and market vendors and cxplani the
Complementary Medicine
to allopathic medicine in premise for the study. including the goal of conten ation
77-93,2011
Arnaldoa\%{\):
1
prepared from whole 78%
the P lant 27 whiIe the
specimens were
deposited -
all at the < >'
:
56%
leaveS ° f plantS 25 flowers (12.22%) and
(HUT,
illensis Universidad Nacional ( )'
(16.67%) were used
less frequently (Tab.
(HAO, i 3).
Orrego
Bussmann
and Sharon
3, 2006). This indic
tersidad Privada Antenor Orrego
Trujillo).
1
that the local healers count on a ver wel1 developed
y
Peru's rights under the Convention on
¡
knowledge
about
the
notably with regard
to the
t
64%
of
t t
used to prepare remedies, which from
differs the
little
study treating medicinal plants, the
identific;
mode
average
herbal preparation Northern
in Perú.
was
plant material conducted P
le entirely in
88%
About of the remedies were applied while
orally,
was
lant material exported in any form.
the remaining ones were applied Over
topically. half
Nomenclature
of all remedies were prepared as mixtures of múltiple
by
The ¡ngredients boiling plant material either in water or
nomenclature of plant families, genera, and
sugarcane
in
spirit.
species follows the Catalogue of the Flowering Plants
Gymnosperms
and
of Perú (Brako and Zarucchi
1993)
Discussion
and
the Catalogue of Vascular Plants of Ecuador
(Jorgensen and León-Yanez The nomenclature
1999). Kidney and urinary system problems are very
was compared TROPICOS common
to the datábase. Species
globally, but allopathic treatments,
in
of Perú (McBride 936- 98 well Jorgensen and
1 1 ), as as focused on dilation of the uréter, and pain management.
1
Ulloa Ulloa ( 1 994), Pestalozzi 1 998) and Ulloa Ulloa Although a large number of plants are used in traditional
(
and
Jorgensen and volumes of 35%
(1993), the available the medicine problem, than of
to treat this less the
Flora of Ecuador (Sparre and Harling 1978-2009), and
plants found in Perú or their congeners have been
HAO, QCA,
HUT,
reference Kim
material the herbaria
in studied at all for their medicinal properties. et
LOJA
QCNE.
and
(2006) report on the kidney-protective effects of
al.
ResultS
(2003) found efficacy in Smallanthus sonchifolius and
Andean
Lepidium meyenii, both neglected crops, and
A
total of 69 plant species belonging to 61 genera
the very frequently soldin the herbal;
latter
and
43 were documented and
families identified as
industl Other medicináis with positiv. effects
herbal remedies for kidney- and urinary tract problems T- ; c
unnai stem were ex osed some
the ^ sy that at least P t0
in Northern Perú. Most species used were Asteraceae
PreHminary research were Aloe (K.rdpon et 2006).
al.
(8species, .43%), followed by Fabaceae and Poaceae
1 1
nona and Citrus (Hernández et 984), Dioscorea
' al.
1
(both 5 species, 7.14%). All other families mostly
Wojcikowski
Hydrocotyle (Lee 2002;
et al. et
contri buted only one species each to the pharmacopoeia I
*
2 °° 8 Plantago (Samuelsen 2000). Lans (2006)
(Tab. D.Acompleteoverviewofallplantsencountered, )>
i'"'.. '
.....
including data on us • - •'
given Appendix
in
1. ™^
G ma
1994 Zea (Masteiková
et al s et al
>
represented medicinal Hora, ( >< W*^™
similarly -
a
,11
2007 species of Eí uisetum eí al
¡
families >'
rtant (e.g.
W
2007 "8 2007 and especia species 0
ht et al "y
missmg
Lycopod,aceae, Cucurbitaceae) are completely ><
W™' "™ "
1998,Kicleye
and Tribulus (Calixto et
al.
^
from (Bussmann and
kidney
the portfolio (Tab.
2)
ma
Wn
"
aL 2008) have sh° efficaCy uroithiasis
Sharon
2006). -
-
however
problem from a patient perspective lies in th<
many of Phyllantkus, are highly as curandero Leoncio Caí
fact that species, e.g.
few of Douglas Sharon.
similar, while only a display the desired effect.
Kidney and urinary tract diseases are a major Thanks also go to Eric Rodríguez (Herbarium
Many HUT) and Abundio Sagastcgui. Segundo
health challenge worldwide. plant species are Truxillense,
traditionally used for kidney disease treatment, and Leiva, and Mario Zapata (Herbario Antenor Orrego,
HAO)
some have been investigated for their efficacy with f
An
positive results. often-limiting factor to these
investigations lack of comprehensive ethnobotanical
is
Mostotall, we uani exprés ou
to
data help choose plant candidates for potency/efficacy
to
people of Northern Perú
to the
1
Since the plant parts utilized in preparation of
tests.
ethnobotanical knowledge.
kidney remedies are reported in this survey, serves as
it
may
an indication of species that need further ecological
Literature cited
assessment on regeneration
their status.
The results of this study show that both indigenous
and introduced species are used for the treatment of
urinary problems. The information gained on
tract
frequently used traditional remedies against this type
R.W.
2006. Manteniendo
some el b,
of disorders might give leads for future targets for
new
further analysis in order to develop drugs. However,
more needed
detailed scientific studies are desperately
Bussmann, &
R.W. D. Sharon. 2006. Traditional plant use
Northern Perú, Tracking two thousand years of health culture.
in
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 47.
2:
&
Acknowledgements
Calixto, J.B., A.R. Santos, V. Cechinel Filho R.A.
MIRT
The was
presented study financed through
their chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeuticeffects. Medicinal
Research Reviews 225-258.
(Minority International Research and Training) or 18(4):
MHIRT
Camino,
(Minority Health Disparity
International L. 1992. Cerros, plantas lagunas poderosas, la
y
Research and Training), a grant from the National
MHIRT De
12B Feo, rtnem
of Health (Fund: 541 Program,
Institutes n<
MHIRT-Peru
Grant: G0000613). coordinated by
is
San Diego (SDSU), and
State University cooperates
with the Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (UPAO,
Herbanum HAO),
Universidad Nacional de
the Trujillo
&
Grases,
F, G. Melero, A. Costa-Bauzá, R. Prieto
HUT
(UNT, Herbarium and de Medicina
Instituto
March
J.G.
1994. Urolithiasis and phytotherapy International
Tropical) and the Clínica Anticona Trujillo (CAT)
in Urology and Nephrology 507-511.
26(5):
None of work would have been
Perú. the possible
Peruvian
ir
Chingue!.
:1
[crinan Santi>tchan
(
.
Joralemon, And
D. D.Sharon Shamamsm,
1993 Sorcery and
Curanderos and Utah
Clients Northern Perú. University of
in
Press, Salt Lake USA.
City,
'
22
£
;
1613-1616.
m, Y.H., Y.W. Kim, Back, S.A. Chung,
N.l.
(Siglo XVIII).
& I
Chung,
H.G. Jeong, Choi
T.S. M.S. K.T. Lee. 2006.
Perú sus.
El y
Protective effect of the ethanol extraci
&
rapa on Cisplatin-induces nephrotoxicity in LLC-PK1 cell Sparre, G. B. Harling. 1978-2009. Flora of Ecuador. Council
Biology and Pharmacy 2436-2441.
rats. Bulletin 29(12):
Development.
2000. Systems and National Experienc
for Protecting Traditional Knowledge, Innovations and Practic
UNCTAD,
Geneva, Switzeriand.
&
Valentová, K. Ulchichová. 2003. Smallanthus
.
>e,S.C.,C.C.Tsj
Lu
2002. The e >n of chronic dísease. Biomedical Papers
huai-shan-yao
(f
Chínese Medicine 609-616.
30(4):
Wojcikowski, Wohlmuth, D.W. Jonson. M.
H.
K.,
asteiková, R., R. Klimas, B.B. Samura, A. Rolfe And G. Grobe. 2008. An in Vitro investigation of
Savickas, Samura, Samura,
B.A. S.I. Belaij, I.B. herbs traditíonally used for kidney and urinary system disorders:
&
M. Rabinovská, Chalopová Bernatoniene
and Nephrology
Z. J. Potencial therapeutic toxic effects. (Cariton)
An
2007. orientational examination of the effects of extracts from 14(1): 70-79.
Ceska
mixtures of herbal drugs on selectd rebal functions. Slov
Report, Technical Briefing
3.
Farm
85-89.
56(2):
Museum
cbride,
J.F. 1936-1981. Flora of Perú. Field of
[ed.].
Health Organization. Meetmg
orld 1999a. Consultation
oí
USA.
Natural Chicago,
History,
Modem
Medicine and Medicine
Traditional
WHO,
H.U. Herbario Approaches. Geneva, Switzerlanc
1998. Flora ilustrada altoandina.
le Bolivia and Herbario Forestal Nacional Martín
WHO
2002. Traditional Medicine
nts and children in devel
IMCI.WHO, Geneva,
£
Ethnopharmacology
of
1
il

t
¡si
i ¡i
i
!
m
11
! f i
11
i
iüll
J!!li.
«
S ?
5
s -<
"
511
!?jr
.
!
a
11111
-
i
i
4
!tí-
-
A
i-:
l¡
¡h
:
raíl-
sises
Sis
Si
1
11
l i i
i,
¡1 |j i,
í
í ¡i
s
!. i!,
I
¡
¡II
ií
lí
il
1
«
si!
p
íill
i¡¡
u t
,
!
i
1
1=
11
r
¡1
II ¡l si
i
ni
i
«a
3]
i
f! í
íi
íi
!
i
i!
!:
II
lili-
II!
:
!
1
8 1 2
8 > 8 - 1 1 S 3
Ǥ Ǥ
S
1 1 1
¡l!
} í
i i
r
!!!
i
!
i
1!