TR 101 542

37 Pages·2013·0.48 MB·English

ETSI TR 101 542
V1.2.1
(2013-07)

Technical Report
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Comparison of candidate radio interfaces performances
in MSS context
2 ETSI TR 101 542 V1.2.1 (2013-07)

Reference
RTR/SES-00350
Keywords
interface, mobile, radio, satellite
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2013.
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3 ETSI TR 101 542 V1.2.1 (2013-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights ................................................................................................................................ 5
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
2 References ................................................................................................................................................ 6

2.1 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................... 6

2.2 Informative references ........................................................................................................................................ 6
3 Symbols and abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 Symbols .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

3.2 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 9
5 Conventional evaluation results on candidate radio interfaces in MSS context ..................................... 10

5.1 WCDMA based radio interface ........................................................................................................................ 10

5.2 OFDM based radio interface ............................................................................................................................ 10

5.3 Preliminary comparison of OFDM and WCDMA in MSS context .................................................................. 11
6 Mobile satellite system architecture and service scenario ...................................................................... 11
7 High level radio interface description .................................................................................................... 12

7.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 12

7.2 HSPA frame structure ...................................................................................................................................... 13

7.3 LTE/WiMAX frame structure .......................................................................................................................... 14
8 Radio interface parameters for performance comparison....................................................................... 17

8.1 HSPA parameters ............................................................................................................................................. 17

8.2 LTE/ WiMAX parameters ................................................................................................................................ 19
9 Hypothesis for performance comparison................................................................................................ 20

9.1 Channel model .................................................................................................................................................. 20

9.2 TWTA model ................................................................................................................................................... 21

9.3 Simulation parameters ...................................................................................................................................... 22
10 Performance comparison results ............................................................................................................ 23

10.1 Link performance aspect .................................................................................................................................. 23

10.2 User data rate aspect ......................................................................................................................................... 23

10.3 Non-linearity effect .......................................................................................................................................... 23
11 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 24
Annex A: Detailed description of simulation ....................................................................................... 25
A.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 25
A.2 HSPA Simulator ..................................................................................................................................... 25
A.3 LTE/WiMAX simulator ......................................................................................................................... 26
A.4 FEC, Interleaving and rate matching ...................................................................................................... 27
A.5 Subcarrier multiplexing .......................................................................................................................... 28
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4 ETSI TR 101 542 V1.2.1 (2013-07)
Annex B: Detailed link-level results ..................................................................................................... 31
B.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 31
B.2 Downlink performance comparison ....................................................................................................... 31
B.3 Uplink performance comparison ............................................................................................................ 35
History .............................................................................................................................................................. 37

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5 ETSI TR 101 542 V1.2.1 (2013-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and Systems
(SES).
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6 ETSI TR 101 542 V1.2.1 (2013-07)
1 Scope
The present document aims to compare the link level performances of several radio interfaces (HSPA, LTE and mobile
WiMAX) in geostationary based mobile satellite systems operating in S band or L band.
The present document provides a high level description of the radio interfaces to be compared. It then identifies their
key characteristics and defines the propagation channel used for the comparison.
Link level performances are compared in terms of required signal to noise ratio (E N ) for a given block error rate
b o
(BLER) and data rate.
The present document concludes on the respective qualitative benefits and drawbacks of the considered radio interfaces.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] H. Holma and A. Toskala, "WCDMA for UMTS, Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile
Communications", 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2002.
[i.2] ETSI TS 125 201 (V3.4.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Physical
layer - general description (3GPP TS 25.201 version 3.4.0 Release 1999)".
[i.3] H. Holma and A. Toskala, "HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS, High Speed Radio Access for Mobile
Communications", John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006.
[i.4] ETSI TS 125 201 (V5.3.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Physical
layer - general description (3GPP TS 25.201 version 5.3.0 Release 5)".
[i.5] ETSI TS 125 201 (V6.2.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Physical
layer - general description (3GPP TS 25.201 version 6.2.0 Release 6)".
[i.6] ETSI TS 125 211 (V6.9.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Physical
channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.211
version 6.9.0 Release 6)".
[i.7] ETSI TS 136 201 (V8.2.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Long
Term Evolution (LTE) physical layer; General description (3GPP TS 36.201 version 8.2.0
Release 8)".
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7 ETSI TR 101 542 V1.2.1 (2013-07)
[i.8] ETSI TS 136 211 (V8.5.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
Physical channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211 version 8.5.0 Release 8)".
[i.9] ETSI TS 136 212 (V8.5.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
Multiplexing and channel coding (3GPP TS 36.212 version 8.5.0 Release 8)".
[i.10] IEEE 802.16-2009: "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Part 16: Air
Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems".
[i.11] ETSI TR 102 443 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Evaluation of the OFDM as a Satellite Radio Interface".
[i.12] R. van Nee and R. Prasad, "OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications", Artech House,
2000.
[i.13] WiMAX Forum, "Mobile WiMAX - Part I: A Technical Overview and Performance Evaluation",
2006.
[i.14] WiMAX Forum, Mobile WiMAX - Part II: "A Comparative Analysis", 2006.
[i.15] S. Sesia, I. Toufik and M. Baker,"LTE, the UMTS Long Term Evolution: from Theory to
Practice", John Wiley and Sons, 2009.
[i.16] Void.
[i.17] C. Gessner, "UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE) Technology Introduction", Application Note
1MA111, Rohde and Schwarz, www2.rohde-schwarz.com/file/1MA111-2E.pdf, Sep. 2008.
[i.18] M. Maqbool, M. Coupechoux and P. Godlewski, "Subcarrier permutation types in IEEE 802.16e",
www.telecom-paristech.fr/-data/files/docs/id-792-1208254315-271.pdf, Apr. 2008.
[i.19] ETSI TR 102 662 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Advanced satellite based
scenarios and architectures for beyond 3G systems", March 2010.
[i.20] 3GPP TR 25.896 (V6.0.0): "Feasibility Study for Enhanced Uplink for UTRA FDD".
[i.21] J. Laiho, A. Wacker and T. Novosad, "Radio Network Planning and Optimization for UMTS",
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2002.
[i.22] ETSI TR 102 058: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of
UMTS/IMT-2000; Evaluation of the W-CDMA UTRA FDD as a Satellite Radio Interface".
[i.23] ETSI TS 136 104 (V8.2.0): "LTE; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception
(3GPP TS 36.104 version 8.2.0 Release 8)".
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
α
Code orthogonality factor
E N Energy per bit to noise spectral density ratio
b o
E I Energy per chip to same cell interference density ratio
c or
G Geometry factor, which is the same cell interference to other cell interference ratio I I
or oc
-inf Negative infinite
W R Processing gain, which is the chip rate/bit rate
T The useful OFDM symbol duration
B
ΔF Carrier spacing
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8 ETSI TR 101 542 V1.2.1 (2013-07)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purpose of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
3G/ 4G 3rd/ 4th Generation (mobile systems)
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BER Bit Error Rate
BLER Block Error Rate
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CGC Complementary Ground Components
CP Cyclic Prefix
CPICH Common Pilot Channel
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CTC Convolutional Turbo Code (Duo-Binary Turbo)
DCH Dedicated Channel
DFT Discrete Fourier Transform
DL Downlink
DL+UL Downlink + Uplink
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DS-CDMA Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access
E-DCH Enhanced DCH
E-DPCCH Enhanced DPCCH
E-DPDCH Enhanced DPDCH
E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FEC Forward Error Control Coding
F Frequency band in the spectrum allocated to FSS
FSS
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
F Frequency band in the spectrum allocated to MSS
MSS
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
FUSC Full Usage of the Sub-channels
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
HD High-speed Downlink
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HS-DSCH High Speed Downlink Shared Channel
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HS-PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
HS-SCCH High Speed Shared Control Channel
HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access
IBO Input Back-Off
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
IR Incremental Redundancy
LOS Line Of Sight
LTE Long Term Evolution (of 3GPP UMTS)
MAESTRO Mobile Applications and sErvices based on Satellite and Terrestrial inteRwOrking
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
MSS Mobile Satellite Services
NFFT Number of FFT samples
NLOS Non Line of Sight
OBO Output Back-Off
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
OVSF Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio
PCCC Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code (Binary Turbo)
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
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9 ETSI TR 101 542 V1.2.1 (2013-07)
PhyL Physical Layer
PRB Physical Resource Block
PUSC Partial Usage of Subcarriers
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RB Resource Block
RNC Radio Network Control
RV Redundancy Version
SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
SES Satellite Earth Stations and Systems
SF Spreading Factor
SSPA Solid State Power Amplifier
STBC Space Time Block Code
Tb Symbol Time (OFDM, without cyclic extension)
TDD Time Division Duplex
Tg Guard Time or CP duration
Ts Symbol Time (OFDM, with cyclic extension)
TTI Transmit Time Interval
TWTA Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier
UE User Equipment
UL Uplink
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
VRB Virtual Resource Block
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
4 Introduction
WCDMA [i.1] to [i.6] is the air-interface for the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) which is a 3G
mobile standard specified by the 3GPP. It is based on direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) due to
its robustness in wideband channels and support for asymmetric data rate applications. Release 4 WCDMA has been
enhanced to Release 5 and 6 versions for higher data rate applications. These enhancements, referred to as high speed
packet access (HSPA), incorporate advanced features such as higher order modulation, fast link adaption, HARQ and
spatial diversity. However, prominent candidates for 4G mobile communications include the 3GPP LTE standard [i.7]
to [i.9] and the IEEE mobile WiMAX standard [i.10], both of which are based on orthogonal frequency division
multiple access (OFDMA) air-interface, due to its robustness against frequency-selective fading and flexibility of
subcarrier allocations. LTE is specified as the long term evolution of UMTS while HSPA can be regarded as its short
term evolution.
It is observed that all the standards share similarities in the advanced features introduced in HSPA. However, there are
fundamental differences in the air-interfaces, frame structures and system/link parameters. Moreover, these standards
and their advanced features were specified for terrestrial communications and it would be useful to establish their
performance under realistic satellite links (which involve satellite wideband fading channels and power amplifier non-
linearity). Therefore, in this study, we compare the link-level performance of HSPA with that of LTE and mobile
WiMAX, over satellite links.
Figure 1 describes the evolution of the three baseline terrestrial technologies. For performance comparison in the
present document, HSPA Release 6, LTE Release 8 and mobile WiMAX Release 1.0 versions are used.
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10 ETSI TR 101 542 V1.2.1 (2013-07)

Figure 1: Evolution of HSPA, LTE and Mobile WiMAX
5 Conventional evaluation results on candidate radio
interfaces in MSS context
In this clause, we recall outcomes of prior feasibility studies on the use of WCDMA and OFDM based radio interface in
the context of mobile satellite systems.
5.1 WCDMA based radio interface
The feasibility study on WCDMA UTRA FDD as a satellite radio interface has been done in TR 102 058 [i.22]. Main
study results are summarized as:
• MSS systems using WCDMA can complement UMTS network with additional capacity.
• Allows technology synergy and interoperability with terrestrial UMTS network.
• Enables full frequency reuse in all beams and satellites.
• Allows to support broadcast/multicast services over large areas.
• Suitable to complement terrestrial UMTS network coverage and services in areas where:
- terrestrial systems have not been deployed for business attractiveness reasons; or
- terrestrial system requires coverage and/or capacity complement; or
- terrestrial system has suffered environmental damages (crisis conditions).
In the present document, we will only consider HSPA operation of WCDMA.
5.2 OFDM based radio interface
A feasibility study on the use of OFDM as a satellite radio interface has been carried out and reported in
TR 102 443 [i.11]. Main results are summarized as:
• It appears that, notwithstanding the large PAPR, it is possible to efficiently transmit OFDM signals through
non-linear satellite links with very small IBO and OBO values.
• This surprising result is the fruit of virtuous cross-fertilization between careful predistortion design and
powerful forward error correction coding application.
ETSI