Tourism and Culture Partnership in Peru: Models for Collaboration between Tourism, Culture and Community

130 Pages·2016·6.574 MB·English

by  World Tourism Organization

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The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. As the leading
international organization in the field of tourism, UNWTO promotes responsible, sustainable and universally
accessible tourism. It serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism
know-how. UNWTO’s membership includes 157 Member States, 6 Associate Members, 2 permanent
observers and 500 Affiliate Members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism
associations and local tourism authorities.
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with the support of :

Tourism and Culture Partnership
in Peru
Models for Collaboration between Tourism, Culture and Community
Copyright © 2016, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Tourism and Culture Partnership in Peru – Models for Collaboration between Tourism, Culture and Community
ISBN (printed version): 978-92-844-1758-2
ISBN (electronic version): 978-92-844-1759-9
Published by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
First printing: 2016
All rights reserved.
Printed in Spain.
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The opinions contained in this publication are exclusive from the authors and do not necessarily reflect UNWTO’s point
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World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Tel.: [phone]
Calle Capitán Haya, 42 Fax: [phone]
28020 Madrid Website: www.unwto.org
Spain E-mail: [email protected]
Citation: World Tourism Organization (2016), Tourism and Culture Partnership in Peru – Models for Collaboration
between Tourism, Culture and Community, UNWTO, Madrid.
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Table of contents

Acknowledgments 7
Foreword 9
Executive summary 11
Introduction 13
Objectives 15
Chapter 1 General framework for a triangular partnership: tourism, culture and community 17
1.1 Tourism and culture 17
1.2 Cultural tourism 20
1.3 Triangular partnership: tourism, culture and community 23
Chapter 2 An overview of tourism in Peru 29
2.1 The importance of tourism at national level 29
2.2 Tourism figures in Peru 30
2.3 Competitiveness and economic impact of tourism in Peru 31
2.4 Structural limits and improvements for tourism in Peru 31
2.5 The importance of domestic tourism 32
Chapter 3 Cultural tourism in Peru 35
3.1 Motivations for cultural tourism in Peru 35
3.2 Tangible cultural heritage 39
Chapter 4 Intangible heritage: opportunities for Peru 45

4.1 Festivities and celebrations 48
4.2 Gastronomy 51
4.3 Creative industries 55
4.4 Cultural routes 64
Chapter 5 The Peruvian community 67
5.1 Linguistic pluralism and multiculturalism 67
5.2 Community: dynamic entity 68
5.3 The essence: popularity 68
5.4 Variants of cultural/community tourism 69
5.5 Variants of the term “community” 70
5.6 The role of the community in community cultural tourism 71
5.7 The Rural Community Tourism Program 72
Chapter 6 SWOT analysis 77
Chapter 7 Strategies for strengthening the partnership among tourism, culture and community 81
7.1 Degree of interdependency between tourism and culture 81
7.1.1 Cultural and creative tourism: “orange tourism” 81
7.1.2 Examples of good practices 84
7.2 Efforts to achieve harmony between tourists and the host community 86
7.2.1 Cooperation between tourists and community 87
7.2.2 Examples of good practices 89
7.3 Development of cultural tourism in the local community context (glocalization) 90
7.3.1 Examples of good practices 91
7.4 Culture, tourism and community: synergies for contributing jointly to development 92
7.4.1 Examples of good practices 94
Chapter 8 Cultural contents utilization 95
8.1 Intangible heritage, living culture and creative tourism 95
8.2 Existing and new products and services 96
8.2.1 Creative hubs, districts and festivals 96
8.2.2 Gastronomic tourism 97
8.2.3 Homestay tourism 98
8.2.4 Adventure tourism 99
8.3 Cultural routes: local, national and international 99
8.4 Intra-inter communication mechanism 101
8.4.1 Tourist culture and behavior 101

8.4.2 Public and private sector relationships 102
Chapter 9 System of tourism policies: heritage management 105
9.1 Mechanisms for collaboration between the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism and the
Ministry of Culture 105
9.1.1 Strategies for developing a system of professionals trained in cultural tourism 107
9.1.2 Diversification of tourist destinations through cultural heritage 108
9.1.3 Cooperation among the central government, local authorities and the community 108
9.2 Tourism policy system 109
9.2.1 Agreements for consolidation of a roadmap 109
9.2.2 Coordination and cooperation between the public and private sectors 109
9.3 System of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 110
9.3.1 Management mechanisms 112
9.3.2 Specialized human resources 113
9.3.3 Legislation and certification for cultural tourism guides 113

Conclusions and recommendations 115
Biographies 119
List of figures and tables 121
Bibliography and references 123

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Acknowledgments

The study Tourism and Culture Partnership in Peru was conducted under the guidance and
supervision of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and consultant Federico Esper, based
on content developed by the following group of experts on cultural tourism (in alphabetical order):
Rafo León, Greg Richards, Jeungah Ryoo and Jordi Tresserras.
Preparations for the final edition were made under the auspices of Jin-Yung Woo, Adviser on
Tourism and Culture of UNWTO and coordinated by Yolanda Sansegundo, Lili Kfoury and Hyeonju
Cho. Special mention should also be made of Carlos Vogeler and Alejandro Varela, of the Regional
Programme for the Americas, for their comments and guidance during the course of the study.
UNWTO wishes to express its thanks for their close cooperation during the study to the Ministry,
and most especially the Minister of Foreign Trade and Tourism of Peru, Her Excellency Magali
Silva, as well as the Vice Minister for Tourism, Her Excellency María del Carmen de Reparaz, and
her valuable team, represented by Laura Alegría. Sincere thanks go as well to Richard Bazan,
Federico Esper, Huaqiu Gan, Rafo León, Mirian Isabel Maldonado, Claudia Mansen, Yolanda
Sansegundo, Leoncio Santos, Jordi Tresserras and Jin Yung Woo (in alphabetical order) for their
contributions to organizing the seminar Models for Cooperation among Tourism, Culture and
Community, held in Lima on 11–12 May 2015 as an essential part of this project.
UNWTO also wishes to express its thanks to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the
Republic of Korea and the Korea Tourism Organization (KTO) for their sponsorship of the study,
without which this publication would not have been possible.