Tissue Engineering for Tissue and Organ Regeneration

466 Pages·2011·55.051 MB·English

by  D. Eberli

TISSUE ENGINEERING
FOR TISSUE AND ORGAN
REGENERATION

Edited by Daniel Eberli
Tissue Engineering for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
Edited by Daniel Eberli

Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2011 InTech
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Publishing Process Manager Romina Krebel
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer Jan Hyrat
Image Copyright Arun K. Sharma, 2011.

First published August, 2011
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Tissue Engineering for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Edited by Daniel Eberli
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-688-1

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Cardiac Muscle 1
Chapter 1 Myocardial Tissue Engineering 3
Tatsuya Shimizu
Chapter 2 Cardiac Muscle Engineering:
Strategies to Deliver Stem Cells to the Damaged Site 19
Giancarlo Forte, Stefania Pagliari, Francesca Pagliari,
Paolo Di Nardo and Takao Aoyagi
Chapter 3 Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Based on
Fibrin-Gel-Scaffolds 35
Stefan Jockenhoevel and Thomas C. Flanagan
Chapter 4 Rapid Prototyping of Engineered Heart Tissues through
Miniaturization and Phenotype-Automation 49
Tetsuro Wakatsuki
Part 2 Skeletal Muscle 59
Chapter 5 Tissue Engineering of Skeletal Muscle 61
Klumpp Dorothee, Horch Raymund E. and Beier Justus P.
Chapter 6 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering
Using Biological Scaffolds for Repair of
Abdominal Wall Defects in a Rabbit Model 81
Zuki Abu Bakar, Ayele Taddese Tsedeke,
Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen
and Noordin Mohamed Mustapha
Chapter 7 Skeletal and Adipose Tissue Engineering with
Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells 107
Jeong S Hyun, Emily R Nelson, Daniel Montoro,
Benjamin Levi and Michael T. Longaker
VI Contents

Part 3 Ligaments 129
Chapter 8 Tissue Engineering of Ligaments 131
Sarah Rathbone and Sarah Cartmell
Chapter 9 Potential of Tissue-Engineered Ligament
Substitutes for Ruptured ACL Replacement 163
Goulet F., Chabaud S., Simon F., Napa I.D.,
Moulin V. and Hart D.A.
Part 4 Cartilage 179
Chapter 10 Joint Cartilage Tissue Engineering
and Pre-Clinical Safety
and Efficacy Testing 181
Thomas G. Koch, Lorenzo Moroni,
Younes Leysi-Derilou and Lise C. Berg
Chapter 11 Cartilage Regeneration from Bone Marrow Cells
Using RWV Bioreactor and Its Automation System
for Clinical Application 217
Toshimasa Uemura, Masanori Nishi,
Kunitomo Aoki and Takashi Tsumura
Chapter 12 Cartilage Tissue Engineering: the Application of
Nanomaterials and Stem Cell Technology 233
Adelola O. Oseni, Claire Crowley, Maria Z. Boland,
Peter E. Butler and Alexander M. Seifalian
Part 5 Hollow Organs 267
Chapter 13 Bioengineering of Colo-Rectal Tissue 269
Roman Inglin, Lukas Brügger, Daniel Candinas and Daniel Eberli
Chapter 14 Aspects of Urological Tissue Engineering 285
Arun K. Sharma and Dorota I. Rozkiewicz
Part 6 Craniofacial Tissues 315
Chapter 15 Tooth Organ Engineering:
Biological Constraints Specifying
Experimental Approaches 317
Sabine Kuchler-Bopp, Laetitia Keller, Anne Poliard and Herve Lesot
Chapter 16 Transplantation of Corneal Stroma Reconstructed
with Gelatin and Multipotent Precursor Cells
from Corneal Stroma 347
Tatsuya Mimura, Yasuhiko Tabata and Shiro Amano
Contents VII

Chapter 17 Human Ear Cartilage 363
Lu Zhang, Qiong Li, Yu Liu, Guangdong Zhou,
Wei Liu and Yilin Cao
Part 7 Central Nervous System 377
Chapter 18 Advances in the Combined Use of Adult Cell Therapy and
Scaffolds for Brain Tissue Engineering 379
Elisa Garbayo, Gaëtan J.-R. Delcroix,
Paul C. Schiller and Claudia N. Montero-Menei
Part 8 Endocrine Organs 415
Chapter 19 Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering for the
Treatment of Diabetes 417
Matsumoto S, SoRelle JA and Shimoda M
Chapter 20 Perspectives of Islet Cell Transplantation as a Therapeutic
Approach for Diabetes Mellitus 435
Prabha D. Nair and Neena Aloysious

Preface

Over the last decade Tissue Engineering progressed rapidly and first biological
substitutes were developed for several tissues in the body. Today, Tissue Engineering
is one of the major approaches of Regenerative Medicine and represents a growing
and exciting field of research. With the understanding and application of new
knowledge of structure, biology, physiology and cell culture techniques, Tissue
Engineering may offer new treatment alternatives for organ replacement or repair
deteriorated organs. Among the clinical applications of Tissue Engineering are the
production of artificial skin for burn patients, tissue engineered trachea, cartilage for
knee-replacement procedures, urinary bladder replacement, urethra substitutes and
cellular therapies for the treatment of urinary incontinence.
The classical principle of Tissue Engineering is to dissociate cells from a tissue biopsy,
to expand them in culture, and to seed them onto a scaffold material in vitro in order
to generate a viable tissue construct prior to re-implantation into the recipient's
organism. In the appropriate biochemical and biomechanical environment these
tissues will unfold their full functional potential and serve as native tissue equivalents.
Tissue Engineering products may be fully functional at the time of treatment, or have
potential to integrate and evolve into the expected functional tissue after implantation.
While these steps may seem logical and easy to understand, the underlying biology is
far more complicated and more profound questions have to be answered before the
engineering of tissue and organs becomes a routine practice.
Even so, the Tissue Engineering approach has major advantages over traditional organ
transplantation and circumvents the problem of organ shortage. Tissues reconstructed
from readily available biopsy material implicate only minimal or no immunogenicity
when reimplanted in the patient. This eventually conquers several limitations
encountered in tissue transplantation approaches.
This book is aimed at anyone interested in the application of Tissue Engineering in
different organ systems. With a colorful mix of topics which explain the obstacles and
possible solutions, it offers insights into a wide variety of strategies applying the
principles of Tissue Engineering to tissue and organ regeneration. As more and more
applications move toward clinical application, a reliable preclinical model system to
X Preface

evaluate the developed techniques becomes crucial. Several animal models and Tissue
Engineering approaches for a variety of organ systems are presented in this book.
Finally, I would like to thank all the authors who have supported this book with their
contributions.

Daniel Eberli
University Zürich
Switzerland