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The world of prostitution in late imperial Austria PDF

289 Pages·2017·4.199 MB·English
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THE WORLD OF PROSTITUTION IN LATE IMPERIAL AUSTRIA The World of Prostitution in Late Imperial Austria NANCY M. WINGFIELD 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©NancyM.Wingfield2017 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2017 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016961063 ISBN 978–0–19–880165–8 Printedandboundby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. Acknowledgments This book has had a very long—elephantine, even—gestation. It began totally accidentallyonecoldJanuarymorningin2002attheÖsterreichischesStaatsarchiv inVienna.IopeneduptheboxofdocumentsthatIhadorderedthepreviousday expecting to find material on reaction to the Badeni language ordinances in Moravia.ImaginemysurprisewhenIdiscoveredfilesonprostitutionandtraffick- ing in late imperial Austria. The ever-prescient Scott Spector, who was working alongsideme,onlyjuststoppedmefromreturningthebox.Herightlypointedout that there was noway I was getting the anti-Badeni material until the next day at the earliest, so I might as well read what I had. And so I did. By the time the documents I had actually ordered arrived late the following day, I was hooked on the topic of prostitution, and I have been researching and writing about it ever since. Of course, I still had to finish my monograph, Flag Wars and Stone Saints: How the Bohemian Lands Became Czech, which was published in 2007, and a few otherprojects. The author of any book that involves as much archival research as this one did incurs many debts. In my case, they are far too numerous to list, but I will try. Maureen Healy, Rebecca Johnson, Lisa Kirschenbaum, Mark Lewis, Tamara Scheer, and Keely Stauter-Halsted (my in-house editor and partner in crime) have read the entire manuscript, some chapters more than once. Paulina Bren, whoisamongthebestnarrativewritersIknow;PeterM.Judson,JillMassino,and CynthiaPacesalsoreadsectionsofthemanuscript.Ithankallofthemprofuselyfor theirusefulcommentsandsuggestions.Mydoctoralstudent,JourneySteward,and formergraduatestudentKateDensford,whoisnowcompletingherdissertationat theGeorgeWashingtonUniversity,aswellasfriendsandcolleaguesLaurenceCole, Cate Giustino, Maura Hametz, Catherine Horel, Borut Klabjan, Rudolf Kučera, Tamara Scheer, and Rok Stergar, drew my attention to fascinating archival and secondary sources. Peter Becker, Benita Blessing, Tomáš Cvrček, John Deak, JeremyKing,MarkLewis,ErwinA.Schmidl,ScottSpector,andAndriyZayarnyuk patientlyansweredavarietyofquestionsabouttheHabsburgbureaucracy,consti- tution, economy, geography, legal system, and policing over the years. I am very gratefultoMariusWeigelforprovidingmeaplethoraofarchivalmaterial.Finally, thankstoalloftherestofyouwhohavelistenedtometalkaboutprostitutionand sextrafficking,repeatedly,andsometimesforyears.Youknowwhoyouare. AcrossHabsburgCentralEurope,archivistsandlibrariansatthenumerousarchives andlibraries,largeandsmall,whereIworked,wereuniformlyhelpful.Someofthem surprisedme byferretingoutmaterialsthatIhadnotknownexisted.Amongthese patientsouls,MichaelWinteroftheLandespolizeidirektionWienArchivstandsout. HealwaysmadesurethateveryfileIhadrequestedwaswaitingformewhenIarrived atthearchiveandimmediatelybroughtmeanydocumentIrequested.Whoknewone could feel so at home in a police archive? Harald Binder’s entire team—past and vi Acknowledgments present—attheCenterforUrbanHistoryofEastCentralEuropeinL’vivensuredthat my research trips to that city were very productive. I am especially grateful to the Center for sponsoring the path-breaking interdisciplinary workshop, “Sex in the Cities: Prostitution, White Slaving, and Sexual Minorities in Eastern and Central Europe,” in June 2009. The following people were instrumental in making my research in Chernivtsi in autumn 2010 run smoothly: Andrii Goncharuk, Oksana Ivasiuk, Ivanna Liakhovych, and Misha Skoreyko. Borut Klabjan kindly helped menegotiatethelocalarchivesinTrieste,whereIbeganworkingin2012.Moreover, heandhiscolleaguesandtheirgraduatestudentsintheDepartmentofHistoryatthe UniversityofPrimorskainneighboringKoper,Slovenia,alwaysmademewelcome, andhelpedmaketheAustrianRivieracomealive. Theopportunitytopresentmyresearchatconferences,seminars,andworkshops helped me hone my arguments and better frame my discussion. I thank the following people in Europe and the United States for inviting me to speak or participate in workshops: Muriel Blaive, Gerhard Botz and Philipp Ther, Mark Cornwall, Sofia Dyak, Robert J. W. Evans and David Rechter, Dagmar Hájková, Borut Klabjan, Luda Klusáková, Rudolf Kučera, Anita Kurimay, Irina Livezeanu, Marek Nekula and Jindrich Toman, Mary Neuberger, Tamara Scheer, Hanna Skoreyko,andVolkerZimmerman.Theopportunitytogivethekeynotelectureat theUniversityofRegensburgmeetingoftheWissenschaftlichesNetzwerk“Sozial- fürsorgeundGesundheitinOst-undSüdosteuropaimlangen20.Jahrhundert”in November2013andtoparticipateintheworkshopthatfollowedstandsoutasone ofthemostenrichingexperiencesofmyacademiccareer.ManythankstoFriederike Kind-Kovacs,whoinvitedme,andtoalloftheotherwomenwhotookpart. I am grateful to the entities that helped facilitate my research. Funds from Erasmus Mundus TEMA, the Fulbright Commissions of the Czech Republic and Ukraine, the International Research and Exchanges Board, Northern Illinois University, and the Slovenian Granting Agency were instrumental in supporting the numerous trips to archives and libraries across throughout Habsburg Central Europethatmadethisbookpossible. I am also grateful to Robert Faber, formerly senior commissioning editor in history at Oxford University Press, for his enthusiasm for my project. Cathryn Steele, Assistant Commissioning Editor for Academic History at the press, deftly andpatientlysupervisedthe publication.This includedansweringquestions. Lots ofquestions.ItwasapleasuretoworkwithcopyeditorCamillaRockwood.Finally, I thank Mario Brandl for producing the book’s maps, and Sophia Varcados, Graphic Design Manager at Northern Illinois University, for help with some of thebook’simages. SomeofthematerialthatappearsinChapterSixwaspreviouslypublishedinmy article,“Destination:Alexandria,BuenosAires,Constantinople;‘White-Slavers’in Late Imperial Austria,” in Journal of the History of Sexuality 20/2 (May 2011): 291–311.Copyright©2011bytheUniversityofTexasPress.Allrightsreserved. Iappreciatepermissiontouseit. Myhusband,anon-academic,maybeunawarethatitdoesnottakemostpeople morethanadecadetoproduceabook.ItistohimthatIdedicatethisone. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,10/5/2017,SPi Table of Contents ListofMapsandIllustrations ix ListofTables xi Abbreviations xiii NoteonPlaceNames xiv Introduction 1 1. TheRiehlTrial 17 2. ReformingProstitutioninPost-RiehlVienna 47 3. Peripheries:RegulatingProstitutionintheProvinces 79 4. BrothelLife:ToleratedProstitutes,theirClients,theMadams, andtheVicePolice 110 5. ClandestineProstitutes:WomenoftheStreets,theirPimps, theVicePolice,andthePublic 137 6. TheTraffickingPanicinLateImperialAustria 171 7. MoralsandMoraleduringtheGreatWar 209 Epilogue 245 SelectBibliography 257 Index 267 List of Maps and Illustrations MAPS 1. BrothelsinthecenterofViennaatthetimeoftheRiehltrial 18 2. CisleithanianAustria,circa1908 78 3. CentralPrague 87 4. Vienna,SecondDistrict(Leopoldstadt) 148 5. HabsburgCentralEurope,circa1923 244 ILLUSTRATIONS I.1. OlgaKoprivec 2 1.1. DefendantsintheRiehlTrial,OesterreichischeKriminal-Zeitung(1907) 33 3.1. Anežskáulice,OldTown,Prague 88 4.1. BudweisHealthBookInformation,AnnaFantová 117 4.2. to4.7.BudweisHealthBookPhotographs:RosaCimicky,AnnaFantová, AnnaMüller,AntonieReitknechtová,MarieŠíma,andMarieŠroubková 118 5.1. Nordbahnhof,Vienna 146 5.2. ViewofLaibach’sTivoliPark 154 5.3. Taborstrasse,Vienna 165 5.4. CrowdgatheredatLeopoldinePiller’sfuneralinVienna,IllustrierteKronen Zeitung,May1910 167 7.1. “Nightmare,”WienerCaricaturen(1915) 212

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