The vascular flora of Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, Ross county, Ohio

22 Pages·1996·9.4 MB·English

by  J P Bennett

RHODORA,
No. 146-167, 1996
Vol. 98, 894, pp.
THE VASCULAR FLORA OF HOPEWELL CULTURE
NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK, ROSS COUNTY, OHIO
James Bennett and Course
Jennifer
E.
P. J.
National Biological Service, University of Wisconsin,
610 Walnut Rm. Madison, Wl 53705
1007,
St,,
ABSiRACT. Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, a unit ot the Unit-
ed Stales National Park Service located Ross County south central Ohio,
in in
mound
was created to restore, protect, and interpret the legacy of the building
Hopewell prehistoric peoples. The vascular flora of the park had been esti-
20% known
mated to be only prior to the undertaking of this project. During
the spring, summer, and of 1995, almost 700 plant specimens were col-
fall
lected by three investigators from five units of the park. Totals of 438 species,
281 genera, and 93 families of vascular plants were discovered, representing
40%
17%
of the flora of Ross County, and of the flora of Ohio. Introduced
32%
new
species constituted of the flora. Sixty-flve species are records for
Two
Ross County. species of special concern, Spiranthes ovalis and Elco-
The
charts ovata, on the state's threatened and endangered species
tire list.
Hopewell had
unit the highest plant diversity of the five units.
Key
Words: Hopewell, national park, vascular plants
flora,
Hopewell
Culture National Historical Park a unit of the Unit-
is
ed States National Park Service located Ross County south
in in
central Ohio. was created to restore, protect, and interpret the
It
mound
legacy of the building Hopewell, a group of prehistoric
Native American peoples and approximately
cultures existing
The
2,200 to 1,500 years ago. park nationally significant be-
is
cause contains of few remaining Hopewell earthworks
soiTie the
it
However,
in the world. also contains areas of land with natural
it
and
vegetation. Prior to this study, three partial plant checklists
some
plant specimens in the park herbarium constituted the
knowledge As
on plant species the park. of 1994, about 85
in
plant species had been recorded the park and was estimated
in this
20%
to be about of the total probably present (Allison Cusick,
Ohio Department made
of Natural Resources, comni.). This
pers.
known
the park's flora the least flora of any national park the
in
midw^estern region (Bennett Recent work
1996). floristic in the
region includes the flora of unglaciated southeastern Ohio,
in-
cluding Ross County (Cusick and Silberhorn and
1977), a flora
of Fort Hill State Memorial in adjacent Highland County (Braun
146
—
Bennett and Course Hopewell Culture Flora 147
1996]
The aimed knowledge
1969). current study to increase of the
park's flora with the following goals in mind: to investigate
(1)
the presence of federally and/or state listed threatened and en-
dangered species, to gain a better understanding of the park's
(2)
and document
habitats floristic diversity, (3) to biodiversity in-
formation to assist future park management, and (4) to contribute
to the knowledge of Ohio's flora and the floras of parks in the
midwestern
U.S.
Hopewell Culture park and Ross County on ma-
are situated a
NE/SW
jor dividing running between two phytogeographic
line
Miami
regions in Ohio: '' the region, mainly a calcareous,
. . .
"
glaciated plain" to the northwest of the park, and the
till
. . .
southern non-glaciated area of the Allegheny Plateau" the
to
southeast (Braun 1989). This area contains an older and
latter
more
relatively undisturbed flora than that of the glaciated area
phenomenon
northwest of the park. Because of this the flora of
central Ross County likely to be richer than the surrounding
is
assuming environment
areas, that the abiotic fairly constant.
is
human
However, have had major on
disturbances influences the
park's vegetation.
The units of Hopewell Culture park are High Banks, Hope-
five
Mound
well, Hopeton, City, and Seip (Figure In 1995, the
1).
designated acreage was of which 404 federal land and
1,134,
is
The
the remainder non-federal. separate units are located in
all
Ross County between any two
with the greatest distance units
Each
being approximately 25 of
miles. the five units slightly
is
and described elsewhere (Bennett and
different, are in detail
all
Course
1996).
The modern
area occupied by the park has a long history of
human The Mound Group, was
disturbance. park City
unit.
first
Camp
War Sherman)
Department's
originally a military base (the
before being transfeired to the National Park Service in 1923 by
proclamation monument. Barracks and
presidential as a national
were removed mounds. Most of
training facilities to restore the
Mound
Hopewell Group been farmed one
land has
the unit's at
As
time and continues to be farmed today. a historical park,
Hopewell Culture's priority has been to protect Hopewell archeo-
The
logical resources. park's long term objectives include restor-
However,
ing park land the historic landscape. lack of research
to
many
and funds have impeded work. maintaining
that In areas,
damaging man-
been and
hayfields has the least costly the least
Rhodora
148 98
[Vol.
Hopewell Culture
National Historical Park
Ohio
Ross County,
Map cm
Figure of Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
(I
1.
approximately
3.5 miles).
agcmcnt of the catthworks. Consequently, a large percentage of
managed
park
the for this habitat.
is
AND METHODS
MATERIALS
The taxonomic scope of survey included and
this all terrestrial
M
The was
October
13 1995. objective to collect least
to at c:>ne
specimen with reproductive parts of every naturally established
plant species occurring within existing and/or proposed park
boundaries. The following information was recorded with each
specimen: and
locality, habitat, elevation, collection date.
Standards for writing floras suggested by Palmer et (1995)
al.
much
were adhered to as as possible for this study. Relative abun-
was
dance determined for each species collected, using a three-
abundance modified from Palmer rank
level scale et al.'s five
scale:
—
Bennett and Course Hopewell Culture Flora 149
1996J
Common
Dominant co-dominant one more
or or
in
common
found
habitats, or easily seen or in
common
more dom-
one or habitats but not
common
any
inant in habitat.
Widely
Intermediate scattered but not difficult to find.
few
Rare Difficult to find with individuals or col-
onics but found several locations, or very
in
and one very
limited or
difficult to find to
uncommon
few
locations or habitats.
was
In addition, species presence at other units of the park
noted periodically order determine frequency throughout the
in to
was
park. Lastly, the origin (native or introduced) of each species
recorded as determined by Gleason and Cronquist (1991).
how much
Because was uncertain land the park ultimately
it
purchase from the unacquired Hopewell, Seip, and High
will
Banks some acreage was surveyed outside the currently
units,
some was
proposed park unit boundaries. However, in units, land
excluded from the survey because was under agriculture.
still
it
The acreage surveyed each was as follows: High
total at site
Mound
and
Banks, Hopewell, 247; Hopeton, 155; City, 120;
8;
The grand surveyed was 583 Acreages
Seip, 53. total area acres.
were estimated from park property maps.
Out of the approximate seven month field season, there were
them
82 collecting days, with the majority of occurring June
field
through September. Size and habitat complexity were primary
factors in determining frequency and length of visits to the five
The number
different units. total of collecting visits to each park
was High Banks, Hopewell, Hopeton,
unit the following: 34;
7;
Mound
and
29; City, 41; Seip, 13.
Specimens were identified using the following references:
Brown
Braun and Catling
(1967, 1989), Britton (1970), (1983),
Zimmerman
Cobb Cooperrider Courtenay and
(1963), (1995),
(1978), Fisher (1988), Gleason and Cronquist (1991), Hitchcock
Newcomb
and Weishaupt
(1935), (1977), Petrides (1972), (1971).
museum
The nomenclature followed specimen and record
for la-
Gleason and Cronquist
bels that of (1991).
is
New
Ross County were determined from county
species for the
maps Braun Cooperrider Fisher
dot in (1967), (1995), (1988),
unpublished maps of Furlow, and the county presence data in
J.
Cusick and Silbcrhorn (1977).
Rhodora
150
98
[Vol.
RESULTS
hundred and spechncns 438
Six eighty-six representing species
were numbers
collected for this study (Table Collection for
1).
each species are available in Bennett and Course (1996). The
museum
voucher specimens were
deposited the park's collec-
in
tion park headquarters and duplicates were deposited the
at at
Ohio University Herbarium Columbus Ten
State speci-
in (os).
mens
were
unidentified.
A
summary shown Almost
floristic for the park is in Table 2.
80%
of the species are dicots. The Hopewell unit had the greatest
Mound
number was
of species (348). This followed by the City
Hopeton Seip and High Banks
unit (268), (238), (219), (175).
These numbers
roughly correspond with the acreages of the units.
None new
of the species collected were to the state of Ohio.
Two
were on 1994-95 Ohio
species collected that are the Di-
vision of Natural Areas and Preserves (1994) Rare Native Ohio
Plant
List:
&
Roemer
Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Schultes
listed as a state
is
Two
endangered specimens (JC0147 and JC0385)
species.
were found Hopewell unit along the old logging road
at in
a recently logged area approximately 300 meters east of the
They
northwestern entrance of were found
the
forest. in sat-
urated soil near other species of the Cyperaceae. should
It
we
be noted that are using the broad definition of this species
according Gleason and Cronquist which
to (1991), includes
Eleocharis ohtusa (Willd.) Schultes. Allison Cusick
(pers.
comm.)
considers the specimen to be the latter and quite
common
throughout the Eleocharis ovata sensu
state. stricto
quite rare and found only in the northern part of the
is is
state.
Spiranthes oval Lindl. var. erostellata Catling listed as a po-
is is
was
tentially threatened species in the state. listed formerly
It
may
as a threatened species but recent findings indicate be
it
more
Ohio
frequent in southern than previously thought (Cat-
One
specimen (JC0633) was found 20
ling 1983). feet east
Mound
of the service road in the City unit in an open area
of moist, early successional woods.
a
Two
species in the flora are represented by sight records: As-
paragiis and Monotropa Toxicodendron
officinalis unijlora. rad-
—
Bennett and Course Hopewell Culture Flora 151
1996]
Table Vascular plant species of Hopewell Culture National Historical
1.
Park. The of taxa sorted by major group, then alphabetically by
list is first
genus and For each abundance on
family, species. species, relative a three
= = R =
common,
point scale (C intermediate, rare) and the units of the
I
HL HN
(HB
park the species occurs High Banks, Hopewell,
in
MC
— —
Mound
SP
Hopeton, City, and Seip) are given. Species preceded
new
by a are records for Ross County, and those by a are not native.
^
'
Abun-
Taxon dance Park Units
Pteridophytes
ADIANTACEAE
HL
R
Adiantuni pedatuni
L.
ASPLENIACEAE
MC,
Oakes HL, SP
Asplcniufu platyneuron
(L.)
I
HL
R
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
EQUISETACEAE
HL
R
L
an^ense
Equisetiifu
ONOCLEACEAE
R HL
Onoclea
sensihilis L.
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
HL
R
Botrychium Spreng.
dissectiim
MC
HL,
Botrychium virgiuianum Swailz
(L.)
I
Gymnosperms
CUPRESSACEAE
MC
R HN,
JuniperUS virginiana L.
Angiosperms
ACANTHACEAE
HB,MC,
M. R SP
aniericana Vahl
Justicia (L.)
HN, HL, MC, SP
Ruellia strepens L.
I
ACERACEAE
MC,SP
C HB,HN,
HL,
Acer
negtindo
L.
MC,SP
C HN,HL,
HB,
Acer saccharinum
L.
c HB,HN,HL, MC, SP
Acer saccharum Marshall
ALISMATACEAE
MC
R
Sagittaria Willd.
latifolia
AMARANTHACEAE
HL
HB, HN,
^Amarcuithus retroflexus L.
I
MC
R
AmarcuitJuis tuherculatus (Moq.) Sauer
ANACARDIACEAE
MC,
SP
Rhus glabra L.
I
Rhus HN, HL, MC, SP
typhina L.
I
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Toxicodoidrou radicans Kuntze
(L.)
ANNONACEAE
Asimina Dunal HB, HL, MC, SP
triloba (L.)
I
Rhodora
152 [Vol. 98
Table Continued.
1.
Abun-
Taxon dance Park Units
APIACEAE
HL
CluwropliyHuiii prucumbcns Crantz
(L.)
1
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
^Coniuiii niaculatiim L.
DC. C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Cryptotaeiiia canadensis (L.)
C MC,
HB, HN, HL, SP
^Daucus
carota
L.
HL
Erigcnia hulhosa (Michx.) Nutt.
I
HL
Osniorhiza clatyonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarice
I
DC. c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
^Osmorhizci
longisfylis (Torr.)
c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
^Pastincica sativa L.
c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Sanicuhi i>rei>aria E. Bici^n.
MC,
(Hudson) Link HB, HN, HL, SP
arvensis
^Torilis
I
AI'Ot'YNACEAE
c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Apocyinini cannabinuni
L.
MC
^Wmca
minor
L.
I
ARACEAE
MC
R
HL,
Arisaenui Schott
(riphylliiiii (L.)
ARALIACEAE
R HL
Panax
quinqnefoUus
L.
ARlsrOLOCHlACEAE
MC,
HL, SP
Asaruin canadense
L.
I
ASCEEPIADACEAE
HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Anipelannts albidiis (Nutt.) Britton
I
R HL
Asclepias incarnata L.
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Asclepias syriaca L.
R
HN, SP
Asclepias
tiiherosa L.
ASTERACEAE
HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
^Acliillea niillefoliiun L.
I
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
'Ambrosia
artetnisiifolia L.
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
AmiPros
id trifida L.
HB,HN, MC,
HL, SP
-Arctium minus Schk.
I
MC
R
annua
-Artemisia L.
MC
R
-Artemisia vulgaris L.
HN, HL, MC, SP
Aster cordifolius L.
I
HL
Aster lanceolatus Willd.
I
HL
Aster laterijiorus (L.) Britton
I
MC,
HN, HL, SP
Aster novae-angliae
L.
I
C MC,
HB, HN, HL, SP
Aster pilosus Willd.
R HL
Aster sagittifolius Willd.
MC,
HB, HN, HL, SP
Aster Lindley
shortii
I
MC
R
HL,
Bidens bipinnata L.
R HL
Bidens cernua
L.
HL, SP
Bidens frondosa
L.
I
HL
Bidens vulgata Greene
I
—
Bennett and Course Hopewell Culture Flora 153
1996]
Table Continued.
I.
Abun-
Taxon dance Park Units
R
SP
^Cacalia atriplicifolia L.
HN
R
^-Carduus nutans
L.
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
-Chrysanthenmtu leucantliemuni L.
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
^Cichoriiim intxhus L.
c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
^Cirsiwn arvense Scop.
(L.)
c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Tenore
^Cirsiiim vulgare (Savi)
MC,
c HB, HN, HL, SP
Conyza canadensis Cronq.
(L.)
MC
R
Moench
Echinacea purpurea
(L.)
HL
Erechtires hieraciifolia (L.) Raf.
I
annuus c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Erigeron
(L.) Pers.
c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Erigeron
pliiladclpliicus L.
HN
R
Eupatorium
altissinuini L.
HL, MC, SP
Eupatorium coelestinum
L.
I
HL
Eupatorium
peifoliatuni L.
I
HL
R
Eupatorium purpureum
L.
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Eupatorium rugosuni Houttuyn
R HL
^Eupatorium serotinum Michx.
MC
HB, HL,
Euthamia
graminifolia (L.) Nutt.
I
HB,HN, HL, MC, SP
^Gnaphalium
ohtusifolium L.
I
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Helianthus tuherosus L.
HL, SP
Sweet
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.)
I
MC
^-Hieracium caespitosum Dumort.
I
HL
HN,
Kuluiia eupatorioides L.
I
HL
C HN,
^Lactuca canadensis L.
c HN, HL, MC, SP
Lactuca Gaertner
floridcma (L.)
c HB,HN, MC, SP
HL,
^Lactuca serriola L.
HN
R
maritima
^•-Matricaria L.
MC
R
^Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter
MC,
C HL, SP
Polymnia canadensis
L.
R SP
pinnata Barnhart
Ratil?ida (Vent.)
HL
HN,
Aiton
Rudl?eckia fulgida
I
R MC,
HL, SP
Rudljeckia hirta L.
MC
HB, HN, HL,
Rud/yeckia triloba L.
I
MC
Senccio aureus
L.
I
MC
R HN, HL,
-Senecio obovatus Muhl.
HN
Silpliium perfoliatum L.
I
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Solidago canadensis L.
R HL, SP
Solidago flexicaulis L.
HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Solidago gigantea Aiton
I
HN
Solidago juncea Aiton
I
HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Solidago rugosa Miller
I
HB,HN, MC,
HL, SP
-Sonchus asper
(L.) Hill
I
Taraxacum Weber Wiggers C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
ex
officinale
HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
-Tragopogon pratensis L.
I
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Verhesina alternifolia (L.) Britton
Rhodora
154
98
[Vol.
Table Continued.
I.
Abun-
Ta X o n dance Park Unit.s
C MC,
Vernonia HB, HN, HL, SP
(Walter)
giiicintca Trel.
MC,
HL, SP
Xdiitliiuni struDiuriitnt L.
I
BALSAMINACtiAE
Meerb. C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
-Iinpatiens capeitsis
c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
hiipatiois pallida Nutt.
BHRBRRIDACEAE
HL
^Jcff'ersonia dipliylla (L.) Pers.
I
MC
Podophyllum HL,
peltatiini L.
I
Bi;rULACEAE
R
SP
Carpiiuis caroliniaiia Walter
Koch HL, MC, SP
Ostrya virgiiiiana (Miller) K.
I
BIC.NONIACEAE
Campsis radicals Seeniann C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
(L.)
HN
R
-Caudpa Warder
speciosa
BORAGINACEAE
R HB
-Echium
vidi^are L.
MC
Hackelia M. HL,
virgiiiiana (L.) John.ston
I. I
MC
HN,
an-ense
-LitJiospenniiiii L.
I
MC
MerWiisia HL,
virginica (L.) Pers.
I
BRA.SSICACEAE
&
-AUiaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara Grande C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
HN
-Arabidopsis rhaliana Heynh.
(L.)
I
SP
Arabis Braun
perstcllata L.
I
C MC,
-Barbarea HB, HN, HL, SP
\iilgaris R. Br.
R HB
DC.
^^Berteroa
iiica/ia (L.)
MC
^Brassica nigra
L.
I
'Capsella biirsa-pastoris (L.) Medikus C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
HL
^Cardamine
douglassii Britton
I
HL
Cardandne HN,
parx'iflora L.
I
^Dndni verna C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
L.
HL
HN,
repanduni
^Erysiiiuiin L.
I
HN
^-Hesperi.s nuitronalis L.
I
MC,
lodanthits pinnatifidtis (Michx.) Steudel HL, SP
I
campestre C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
-Lepidiuiii (L.) R. Br.
HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Lcpidiuni virginiciini L.
I
HN,HL
R
-Rorippa nasturiium-aquaticunj Hayek HB,
(L.)
HN
-Sisymbrium HB,
Scop.
officinale (L.)
I
C HB,HN, MC,
-T/daspi arvense L. HL, SP
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
-Thlaspi perfoliatitm L.
CAESALPINIACEAE
Cercis canadensis c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
L.
HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Gleditsia triacanthos L.
I
MC
Gymnocladus Koch R HN, HL,
dioica (L.) K.
—
Bennett and Course Hopewell Culture Flora 155
1996]
Table Continued.
1.
Abun-
Taxon dance Park Units
CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula americana HN, HL, MC, SP
L.
I
MC
HB, HN, HL,
Lobelia L.
inflata I
HN, HL, SP
Lobelia siphilitica L.
I
HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Triodanis peifoliata (L.) NieuwI.
I
CANNABACEAE
MC
-Humidus HL,
lupulu.s L.
I
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
^ C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
japonica Thunb.
Lotiicera
Maxim. C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
^-Lonicera maackii
(Rtipr.)
MC
c
^-Lonicera tatarica L.
HL
HN,
canadensis
Sambiiciis L.
I
MC
Moench HL,
Syniphoricarpos orhicidatus
I
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
MC
HN,
vidgatum
-Cerastiitni L.
I
MC,
HB, HN, HL, SP
^Dianthus anneria
L.
I
c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
^Sapouaria
L.
officinalis
HL
Silene antirrhina L.
I
c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Poiret
^^^Silene latifolia
R
SP
^Silene noctiflora L.
MC
R
HL,
Silene stellata (L.) Alton
f.
R HL
Silene virginica L,
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
(Moench) Garcke
-Silene vulgaris
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
media
^Stellaria (L.) Villars
CELASTRACEAE
C HN, MC, SP
HL,
scandens
Celastrus L.
MC
R
^^Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold
MC,
HB, HN, HL, SP
Euonynuis atropurpureus
Jacq.
I
CHENOPODIACEAE
C HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
^Chenopodium album
L.
CLUSIACEAE
HL
R
Hypericum nmtilum
L.
MC
HB, HN, HL,
-Hypericum perforatum
L.
I
HL
Hypericum punctatum
Lani.
I
COMMELINACBAE
-Commelina communis HB, HN, HL, SP
L.
I
CONVOLVULACEAE
C MC,
n HB, HN, HL, SP
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br.
MC
HB, HL,
^Convolvulus ai-vensis L.
I
MC,
HB, HN, HL, SP
^Ipomoea hederacea
Jacq.
I
HB,HN
Ipomoea lacunosa
L.
I
Meyer c HB, HN, HL, MC, SP
Ipoinoea paiulurata G.
(L.)