The Triumviral Narratives of Appian and Cassius Dio PDF
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The Triumviral Narratives of Appian and Cassius Dio MICHIGAN MONOGRAPHS IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY The Play of Fictions: Studies in Ovid's Metamorphoses Book 2 A. M. Keith Homeric Misdirection: False Predictions in the Iliad James V. Morrison The Triumviral Narratives of Appian and Cassius Dio Alain M. Gowing The Stranger's Welcome: Oral Theory and the Aesthetics of the Homeric Hospitality Scene Steve Reece The Triumviral Narratives of Appian and Cassius Dio Alain M. Gowing Ann Arbor THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS Copyright © by the University of Michigan 1992 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America 1995 1994 1993 1992 4 3 2 1 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gowing, Alain M., 1953- The triumviral narratives of Appian and Cassius Dio / Alain M. Gowing. p. cm. - (Michigan monographs in classical antiquity) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-472-10294-X (alk. paper) 1. Rome-History-Civil War, 43-31 B.C.-Historiography. 2. Appianus, of Alexandria. Civil wars. 3. Cassius Dio Cocceianus. Roman history. I. Title. II. Series. DG268.G68 1992 937'.05'072-dc20 92-29116 CIP ... sapiens subtilisque lector debet non diversis conferre diversa, sed singula expendere, nee deterius alio putare quad est in suo genere perfectum. Pliny Ep. 4.14.7 Preface Since the completion in 1988 of the Bryn Mawr dissertation herein revised, two major studies of Cassius Dio and Appian as well as several pertinent articles have appeared. D. Fechner's Untersuchungen zu Cassius Dios Sicht der Romischen Republik (Hildesheim, 1986), which became available to me too late to be of use in the original study, represents another in a series of specialized efforts since Millar's A Study of Cassius Dio (Oxford, 1964) showed that Dio's work warrants closer scrutiny. Of greater interest, perhaps, because it is the only book-length treatment of Appian since Emilio Gabba's seminal Appiano e la storia delle guerre civili (Florence, 1955) to deal with issues other than Quellenkritik, is B. Goldmann's Einheitlichkeit und Eigen stcindigkeit der Historia Romana des Appian (Hildesheim, 1988). Neither book has obviated the need for a study such as mine, though both corroborated some of my conclusions to a significant degree. More importantly, they confirmed my strong feeling that a comparison of Appian and Dio as histo riographers was timely and in order. And while this might not seem a particularly compelling justification, detailed studies of these historians in English are still relatively few. It is hoped, therefore, that this book might bring the issues involved in the study of Appian and Dio before a wider readership. It is customary to record in this place debts of gratitude, and in my case those debts are especially numerous. They are owed to, among others, my mentors at Bryn Mawr College, in particular Mabel Lang, R.T. Scott, and Julia Gaisser, and my colleagues and students at the University of Washington. All have contributed, wittingly or not, to whatever may be useful and good in this study. I extend special thanks to my director David Potter of the University of Michigan for his constant support of and interest in the project, both at the dissertation stage and beyond. It has been a rare privilege indeed to have had the benefit of his remarkable and profound knowledge of all aspects of ancient history and historiography. In addition, I would like to express my deep viii / Prefa ce appreciation to my editor Ellen Bauerle and the two anonymous referees. The Graduate School of the University of Washington generously provided a grant to defray the costs of photographs and map preparation; April Ryan of the University's Instructional Media Services designed and produced the maps. And finally, heartfelt gratitude goes to my wife Anne and son Benjamin, at whose patience and affection I never cease to marvel. The rhetoric of Prefaces also demands that I conclude with the admission that all remaining flaws and oversights are of course my own. I readily make such an admission as one further demonstration that all rhetoric need not be empty. Contents Texts and Abbreviations Xl Introduction 1 Part 1: Prolegomena 7 1. An Alexandrian in Rome 9 2. The Roman Senator from Bithynia 19 3. Overview of the Triumviral Period in Appian and Dio: Purposes, Perceptions, and Organization 33 4. The Source Question 39 5. The Historical Situation 51 Part 2: Persons 55 6. Octavian's Rise to Power 57 7. Octavian's Rival 95 8. The Odd Triumvir Out 123 9. Cicero's Final Year 143 10. The Tyrannicides 163 11. The Republicans' Last Hope 181 Part 3: Events 207 12. Battles 209 13. Speeches 225 14. The Proscriptions 247 x I Contents Part 4: A Final Context 271 15. Appian as an Antonine Historian 273 16. Dio as a Severan Historian 289 17. Conclusion 295 Appendices 299 1. Chronological Table of Events from the Ides of March 44 B.c. to the Death of Sextus Pompey in 35 301 2. Sextus Pompey and Neptune 309 3. Appian's and Dio's Accounts of Philippi 311 4. Did Appian Visit Philippi? 319 5. The i'.moµv~µaTa of Appian BC 5.45.191 321 Works Cited 323 Index Locorum 335 Index 365 Illustrations following page 146
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