The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual PDF
Preview The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual
The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual Fifth edition The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual Fifth Edition CHRISTOPHER A. SANFORD MD, MPH, DTM&H Associate Professor, Family Medicine Associate Professor, Global Health University of Washington Seattle, WA USA PAUL S. POTTINGER MD, DTM&H, FIDSA Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases Medicine Associate Director, Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Director, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program University of Washington Seattle, WA USA ELAINE C. JONG MD, FIDSA, FASTMH Medical Director, University of Washington Campus Health Services Director Emeritus, University of Washington Travel and Tropical Medicine Clinic University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA USA Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2017 © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. First edition 1987 Second edition 1995 Third edition 2003 Fourth edition 2008 Chapter 21 Malaria Diagnosis & Treatment is in Public Domain. Since, the authors Dr. Paul Arguin and Dr. Katherine Tan are U.S government employees. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-0-323-37506-1 Inkling ISBN: 978-0-323-41743-3 E-Book ISBN: 978-0-323-41742-6 Content Strategist: Belinda Kuhn Content Development Specialist: Nani Clansey Content Coordinator: Joshua Mearns Project Manager: Srividhya Vidhyashankar Design: Christian Bilbow Illustration Manager: Amy Faith Heyden Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE The world is a book, and those who do not travel, read only a page. Augustine of Hippo (354-430) Since the first edition of this manual was published in 1987, interest in travel medicine and clinical tropical medicine have continued to surge. International arrivals increase each year: in 2014, 1.1 billion people crossed an international border; this is projected to increase to 1.8 billion in 2025. More than 3200 medical providers and others with an interest in travel medicine in more than 90 countries are members of the International Society of Travel Medicine; membership in the American Society of Travel Medicine and Hygiene tops 3600; and more than 4300 registrants attended its 2014 annual meeting. Our planet is rapidly becoming warmer, more populous, and increasingly urban. Micro- organisms are increasingly resistant to existing antimicrobial agents, and the regular appear- ance of previously unrecognized infectious agents is the rule rather than the exception. Significant inroads on common infectious diseases, including measles and malaria, have been made in recent years, while other diseases, including dengue fever, are increasingly common. Higher rates of migration, tourism, and human encroachment of tropical rainforests are leading to the appearance in temperate regions of illnesses heretofore seen almost exclusively in the tropics. Hence it behooves medical practitioners, regardless of where they practice, to be familiar with illnesses occurring both locally and globally. It is our hope that this manual will serve as a pragmatic tool for medical providers who offer many types of care, including pre-travel and post-travel medicine, care of immigrants and refugees, and working in low-resource settings. This edition contains several new chapters: Students Traveling Abroad, Travel and Mental Health, Ebola Virus Disease and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Returning Travelers, and The Role of Point-of-Care Testing in Travel Medicine. We are grateful to our colleagues at Elsevier, including Nani Clansey, Belinda Kuhn, Srividhya Vidhyashankar, and Joshua Mearns, for their editorial insights, patience, persis- tence, and attention to detail. And we are indebted to our respective spouses—Sallie, Julie, and Britt—for their support and forbearance during the lengthy editorial process. Christopher A. Sanford, MD, MPH, DTM&H Paul S. Pottinger, MD, DTM&H, FIDSA Elaine C. Jong, MD, FIDSA, FASTMH viii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Susan Anderson, MD Stephen A. Bezruchka, MD, MPH, Travel, Tropical, Wilderness AM Medicine Consultant Departments of Health Services & Global Global Health and Humanitarian Relief Health Clinical Associate Professor School of Public Health Division of Infectious Disease and University of Washington Geographic Medicine Seattle, WA Innovation and Global Health USA Stanford, CA, USA CDC/ISTM GeoSentinel Site Director for Micah M. Bhatti, MD, PhD Emerging Infectious Disease Clinical Microbiology Fellow Director of Travel Medicine Division of Clinical Microbiology Travel Medicine and Emergency/Urgent Department of Laboratory Medicine and Care Pathology PAMF Mayo Clinic Palo Alto, CA Rochester, MN USA USA Vernon Ansdell, MD, FRCP, DTM&H Andrea K. Boggild, MSc, MD, Associate Clinical Professor DTMH, FRCPC Department of Tropical Medicine Clinical Director Microbiology and Pharmacology Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General University of Hawaii Hospital School of Medicine Parasitology Lead, Public Health Ontario Honolulu, Hawaii Laboratories USA Assistant Professor, Dept. of Medicine, University of Toronto Paul M. Arguin, MD Toronto, ON Domestic Unit Chief Canada Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Center for Global Health/ Frederick S. Buckner, MD Malaria Branch Professor Atlanta, GA Department of Medicine, Division of USA Allergy & Infectious Diseases University of Washington Howard D. Backer, MD, MPH Seattle, WA Director USA California Emergency Medical Services Authority Connie Celum, MD, MPH Sacramento, CA Professor USA Departments of Global Health and Medicine Jared Baeten, MD, PhD Adjunct Professor Senior Fellow Department of Epidemiology Department of Medicine University of Washington University of Washington Seattle, WA Seattle, WA USA USA ix x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Martin S. Cetron, MD Carey Farquhar, MD, MPH Director, Division of Global Migration Professor and Quarantine Department of Medicine, Division of National Center for Preparedness, Allergy and Infectious Diseases Detection and Professor Control of Infectious Diseases Department of Global Health and Centers for Disease Control and Department of Epidemiology Prevention (CDC) University of Washington Atlanta, GA Seattle, WA USA USA Shireesha Dhanireddy, MD Brian D. Gushulak, BSc, MD Director Migration Health Consultants, Inc. Infectious Disease Clinic British Columbia Assistant Director Canada Madison Clinic Harborview Medical Center James P. Harnisch, MD, FAAD Associate Professor Clinical Professor of Medicine Infectious Diseases University of Washington University of Washington Director Seattle, WA Seattle Regional Hansen’s Disease Center USA Seattle, WA USA Julie Dombrowski, MD, MPH Assistant Professor, Division of Allergy & N. Jean Haulman, MD Infectious Diseases Clinical Assistant Professor University of Washington Department of Pediatrics Deputy Director for Clinical Services Co-Director Public Health - Seattle & King County UW Travel Clinic at Hall Health Center, HIV/STD Program Travel Medicine Harborview Medical Center Univesity of Washington Seattle, WA Seattle, WA USA USA Mark Enzler, MD Shevin T. Jacob, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Medicine Acting Assistant Professor Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic University of Washington Rochester, MN Seattle, WA USA USA Charles D. Ericsson, MD Elaine C. Jong, MD, FIDSA, Professor of Medicine and Dr. and Mrs. FASTMH Carl V. Vartian Professor of Infectious Clinical Professor Emeritus Diseases Department of Medicine, Division of University of Texas Medical School at Allergy and Infectious Diseases Houston University of Washington School of Houston, TX Medicine USA Seattle, WA USA List of Contributors xi Kevin C. Kain, MD, FRCPC W. Conrad Liles, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine Associate Chair and Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Adjunct Professor, Departments of University of Toronto, Canada Research Pathology Chair in Molecular Parasitology Pharmacology, and Global Health Director, Centre for Travel and Tropical University of Washington Medicine Seattle, WA Toronto General Hospital USA Toronto, ON Canada Poh Lian Lim, MD, MPH Head & Senior Consultant Andrea Kalus, MD Department of Infectious Diseases Associate Professor Institute of Infectious Diseases University of Washington Tan Tock Seng Hospital Department of Medicine Singapore Division of Dermatology Seattle, WA Andrew M. Luks, MD USA Associate Professor Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Edmond Kay, MD Medicine Diving Medical Officer Harborview Medical Center University of Washington Seattle, WA Seattle, WA USA USA Sheila M. Mackell, MD Sarah Kohl, MD Pediatrics & Travel Medicine Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics in Mountain View Pediatrics the School of Medicine Flagstaff, AZ Department of Pediatrics USA University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA Douglas W. MacPherson, MD, USA MSc(CTM), FRCPC Associate Professor Saba M. Lambert, MBChB, DTM&H, Department of Pathology and Molecular PhD Medicine Clinical Research Fellow McMaster Universit Department of Infectious and Tropical Hamilton, ON Diseases Canada London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Jeanne M. Marrazzo, MD, MPH, London FACP, FIDSA UK Professor of Medicine Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases Anne M. Larson, MD Adjunct Professor Director, Swedish Liver Center Department of Global Health Swedish Health Services Medical Director Seattle, WA University of Washington STD Prevention USA Training Center University of Washington Seattle, WA USA xii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Robert Martin, MPH, DrPH Masahiro Narita, MD Director Professor Laboratory Systems Development Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care International Training and Education University of Washington School of Center for Health Medicine Professor Seattle, WA Department of Global Health USA University of Washington Seattle, WA Michael Noble BA, MD, FRCPC USA Professor Department of Pathology and Laboratory Susan L.F. McClellan, MD Medicine Associate Professor University of British Columbia Department of Medicine Vancouver, BC Division of Infectious Diseases Canada Director Affiliate Professor Travel Clinic, Tulane University Department of Global Health New Orleans, LA University of Washington USA Seattle, WA USA R. Scott McClelland, MD, MPH Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Prof. Dr. Hans Dieter Nothdurft Global Health Klinikum der LMU University of Washington Abt. für Infektions- und Tropenmedizin Seattle, WA Muenchen USA Germany Anna McDonald, MD, MPH, DTMH Thomas B. Nutman, MD Global Health Fellow Head Clinical Parasitology Section and Department of Family Medicine Head Helminth Immunology Section University of Washington Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases Seattle, WA National Institute of Allergy and Infectious USA Diseases National Institutes of Health Anne C. Moore, MD, PhD Bethesda, MD Medical Epidemiologist USA Division of Parasitic Diseases National Center for Zoonotic Lucy A. Perrone, BS, MSPH, PhD Vectorborne and Enteric Diseases Assistant Professor Centers for Disease Control and Department of Global Health Prevention (CDC) University of Washington Atlanta, GA Seattle, WA USA USA Aliza Monroe-Wise, MD, MSc Paul S. Pottinger, MD, DTM&H, Senior Fellow FIDSA Department of Medicine, Division of Associate Professor Allergy & Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine, Division of University of Washington Allergy & Infectious Diseases Seattle, WA University of Washington USA Seattle, WA USA List of Contributors xiii Dr. Camilla Rothe Samuel B. Thielman, MD, PhD Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychiatry Abteilung für Tropenmedizin und Duke University School of Medicine Infektiologie Durham, NC Hamburg USA Germany Ellen Thompson, BA Christopher A. Sanford, MD, MPH, Medical Student DTM&H University of Washington School of Associate Professor Medicine Family Medicine, Global Health Seattle, WA University of Washington USA Seattle, WA USA Shawn Vasoo, MD Associate Consultant Eli Schwartz, MD, DTM&H Department of Infectious Diseases Medical Director Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock The Center for Geographic Medicine and Seng Hospital Tropical Diseases Singapore The Chaim Sherba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Abinash Virk, MD, DTM&H Israel Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Christopher Spitters, MD, MPH Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Associate Clinical Professor Rochester, MN Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases USA University of Washington School of Medicine Stephen L. Walker, PhD, MRCP(UK) Seattle, WA DTM&H USA Clinical Lecturer and Consultant Dermatologist Neil R.H. Stone, MBBS, MRCP, Department of Infectious and Tropical FRCPath, DTMH Diseases Clinical Research Fellow London School of Hygiene and Tropical Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. Medicine George’s London University of London UK London UK Timothy E. West, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine Mari C. Sullivan, ARNP Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medical Officer Medicine American Embassy, Kuala Lumpur Adjunct Associate Professor of Global US Department of State, Foreign Service Health Kuala Lumpur Director Malaysia International Respiratory & Severe Illness Center (INTERSECT) Kathrine R. Tan, MD, MPH University of Washington Medical Officer Seattle, WA Centers for Disease Control and USA Prevention/Center for Global Health/ Malaria Branch Atlanta, GA USA xiv LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Martin S. Wolfe, MD, FACP, FIDSA, Yuan Zhou, MD FASTMH Senior Infectious Disease Fellow Traveler’s Medical Service of Washington University of Washington Washington, DC Seattle, WA USA USA
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