The Tar Heel State : a new history of North Carolina PDF
Preview The Tar Heel State : a new history of North Carolina
The Tar Heel State The Tar Heel State A New History of North Carolina revised edition Milton Ready © 2020 University of South Carolina Published by the University of South Carolina Press Columbia, South Carolina 29208 www.uscpress.com 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data can be found at http://catalog.loc.gov/. ISBN 978-1-64336-097-3 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-64336-098-0 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-64336-099-7 (ebook) front cover photographs: front, top, Wilbur Wright at Big Kill Devil Hill, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, October 10, 1902; and, bottom, mountains near Asheville, North Carolina, ca. 1903. Courtesy of the Library of Congress cover design: Nathan Moehlmann, Goosepen Studio & Press Contents vii List of Illustrations xi Preface to the Revised Edition xiii Acknowledgments Part One Colonial and Early North Carolina History One 3 The Great Rift: The Geography and Geology of North Carolina Two 11 First Contacts between Native Americans and Europeans, 1585–1712 Three 26 A Chartered Chaos: North Carolina under the Proprietors, 1663–1729 Four 37 A Mosaic of Colonial North Carolina, 1663–1771 Five 52 Slavery and Servitude in Early North Carolina, 1663–1861 Part Two Revolution and the New State Six 71 The Regulator Rebellion and the Coming of the Revolution in North Carolina, 1763–1776 Seven 88 The First Civil War in North Carolina: The American Revolution, 1776–1781 Eight 110 The Rip Van Winkle State, 1781–1835 Nine 123 Antebellum North Carolina, 1815–1856 Part Three The Civil War and Reconstruction Ten 145 A State of Indecision: North Carolina Enters the Civil War, 1858–1863 Eleven 163 Ebb Tide of the Confederacy in North Carolina, 1863–1865 Twelve 176 Reconstruction in North Carolina, 1865–1871 Thirteen 197 Trains, Towns, Textiles, and Tobacco: North Carolina’s Emergence as a New South State, 1881–1910 Part Four Political Reform Fourteen 215 The Farmer’s Last Stand, 1881–1901 Fifteen 235 North Carolina’s Brand of Southern Progressivism, 1881–1921 v vi Contents Sixteen 258 North Carolina in the 1920s: The Great Divide Seventeen 274 The 1930s: New Deals and Old Politics in North Carolina Part Five Civil Rights and Conservative Reactions Eighteen 293 World War II and the 1950s: When Terry, Jesse, John, and Westray Came Marching Home Nineteen 310 When Everything Changed: The Civil Rights Struggle in North Carolina, 1960–1972 Twenty 331 Jesse Helms, Jim Hunt, and the Rise of Modern Conservatism in North Carolina, 1972–1984 Part Six Modern North Carolina Twenty-One 349 Triads, Triangles, and Parks: The Urbanization of North Carolina Twenty-Two 362 The End of an Era, 1984–2003 Twenty-Three 375 A Modern Megastate 394 Epilogue: North Carolina’s Uncertain Future 397 Appendix A: North Carolina Population by Race–Ethnicity, 1900–2017 399 Appendix B: 1860 Census Showing Slave Totals by States 401 Appendix C: Civil War Deaths by States 403 Appendix D: List of US States by Educational Achievement, 2011–2015 405 Index Illustrations frontispiece Members of the World War II 555th “Triple Nickel” Parachute Infantry Battalion 4 William Bartram 6 Plants and animals in early North Carolina 9 Map of eastern North Carolina, 1590 13 Sir Walter Raleigh 14 Queen Elizabeth I 20 Indian village 21 Old Indian man 28 Anthony Ashley Cooper, first Earl of Shaftesbury 34 Death of Blackbeard the pirate 39 Advertisement for early stage travel 44 Governor Arthur Dobbs 46 Map of North Carolina, 1775 47 Woman taking snuff 53 Haywood Dixon, enslaved carpenter 56 Newspaper notice of runaway slaves 63 Jane Johnson, freed slave 65 Hinton Rowan Helper 75 Tryon Palace 77 Governor William Tryon confronting Regulators 81 Penelope Padgett Parker 91 Charles Cornwallis 95 Ferguson’s death charge at the Battle of Kings Mountain 101 Map of Cornwallis’ march through the Carolinas 104 Nathaniel Greene 105 Battle of Guilford Courthouse 113 William Davie 119 First battleship North Carolina 124 Archibald DeBow Murphey 127 William Gaston vii viii Illustrations 128 Map of the University of North Carolina, 1818 131 Map of antebellum North Carolina, 1836 135 A broadside to attract miners to the gold rush in North Carolina 137 John Motley Morehead 140 C ollage of the turpentine industry in North Carolina along the eastern coast, the chief export before the Civil War 146 P rivate Thomas D. Royster, Company D, Twelfth North Carolina State Troops 150 P rivate William James McCuiston, Company A, Fifty-Fourth North Carolina Regiment 151 Young Civil War volunteer from North Carolina 153 James Iredell Waddell, Confederate privateer 156 Union troops landing on Roanoke Island 158 Charge of Colonel Rush Hawkins’ Zouaves 159 S laves liberated by occupying Union forces marching through New Bern 164 Union soldiers from Forty-Fourth Massachusetts Regiment 166 Slave labor constructing Fort Fischer 168 Construction of the Con federate ram the Albemarle 169 Union ship Sassacus ramming Confederate’s Albemarle 171 Fort Fisher, the “Gibraltar of the South” 173 Popular postcard depicting the “Tar Heel Roll of Honor” 177 Freedman called “Old Guss” 183 Satirical cartoon of radical rule in eastern North Carolina 184 Member of the Ku Klux Klan, c. 1870s 186 Horace James, head of Freedmen’s Bureau 189 Caricature of Albion W. Tougee during Reconstruction 191 B y late 1865 cotton had become one of the state’s principal crops farmed by freed slaves and tenant farmers 192 Ferry crossing the French Broad River near Asheville, 1870s 197 Henry Woodfin Grady, New South spokesman 198 Housing for textile workers along Pine Street in Kannapolis 199 Textile mills employed thousands of young girls like this one 200 Women rolling cigarettes in a Durham cigarette factory 201 James Buchanan Duke 202 Advertisement for Duke’s “high grade” tobacco mixture in 1912 203 C onstruction workers, many convict laborers, working in Macon County in 1904 Illustrations ix 205 A lumber camp at Double Spring Gap in western North Carolina 216 S ubsistence farmer and his family in Macon County in western North Carolina 217 O ld woman smoking pipe in Edneyville, Hendersonville County, c. 1880s 219 Black sharecroppers in eastern North Carolina, c. 1880s 220 Small subsistence and tobacco farm in mountains 221 Leonidas Lafayette Polk 225 Children of Kimbrough Jones 226 B lacks leaving North Carolina as lynching and violence increased in the 1880s 231 Group of Red Shirts at polling place, c. 1898 236 Woman washing clothes in Henderson County 237 Courting scene in North Carolina in the 1890s 243 New Bern High School Women’s Basketball team in 1914 244 Cartoon depicting the evils of drinking and gambling 245 Lillian Exum Clement Stafford 246 Sallie Southall Cotton 248 Charlotte Hawkins Brown 250 Women suffragists in North Carolina 253 First manned airplane flight by the Wright brothers 255 Robert Lester Blackwell 259 D aring young women out for a ride in their Cadillac Thirty in Charlotte 260 Trio of North Carolina governors 265 Campaign broadside from J. Sherwood Anderson 268 Ella May Wiggins 269 F ive children of Ella May Wiggins were sent to live in orphanages after her death 271 O ne of original North Carolina highway patrolman on his Harley motorcycle, c. 1929 275 Senator Josiah W. Bailey 276 W oman scrubbing floors in Northampton County during the Great Depression 282 Looping tobacco in Granville County, c. 1930 294 M embers of the 555th “Triple Nickel” Parachute Infantry Battalion 295 Map of World War II camps and facilities in North Carolina 297 Colonel Westray Battle Boyce
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