PENGUIN BOOKS THE STORY OF THE SCROLLS Geza Vermes was born in Hungary in 1924. He studied in Budapest and Louvain, where he read Oriental History and Languages and in 1953 obtained a doctorate in Theology with a dissertation on the Dead Sea Scrolls. From 1957 to 1991 he taught at the universities of Newcastle and Oxford. His pioneering work on the Dead Sea Scrolls and the historical figure of Jesus led to his appointment as the first Professor of Jewish Studies at Oxford, where he is now Professor Emeritus. Since 1991 he has been director of the Forum for Qumran Research at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies. Professor Vermes is a Fellow of the British Academy and of the European Academy of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, the holder of an Oxford D.Litt. and of honorary doctorates from the universities of Edinburgh, Durham, Sheffield and the Central European University of Budapest. His books, published by Penguin, include The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English (most recent edition, 2004), The Changing Faces of Jesus (2000), The Authentic Gospel of Jesus (2003), Who’s Who in the Age of Jesus (2005) and his trilogy about the life of Jesus, The Passion (2005), The Nativity (2006) and The Resurrection (2007), republished in one volume as Jesus: Nativity – Passion – Resurrection in 2010. His pioneering work, Jesus the Jew (1973; most recent edition, 2001) and his autobiography, Providential Accidents (1998) are available from SCM Press, London. GEZA VERMES The Story of the Scrolls The Miraculous Discovery and True Significance of the Dead Sea Scrolls PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England www.penguin.com First published by Penguin Books 2010 Copyright © Geza Vermes, 2010 All rights reserved The moral right of the author has been asserted Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser ISBN: 978-0-14-193729-8 Contents Preface Maps Part One I. The State of Biblical Studies before Qumran II. Epoch-making Discoveries and Early Blunders III. The École Biblique, Seedbed of Future Troubles IV. Somnolence – Politics – Scandal V. The Battle over the Scrolls and its Aftermath Part Two VI. What is New in the Non-Sectarian Dead Sea Scrolls? VII. The Novelty of the Sectarian Scrolls VIII. Unfinished Business: Archaeology – Group Identity – History IX. The Qumran Revolution in the Study of Biblical and Post-biblical Judaism and early Christianity X. Epilogue Bibliography Index Preface Graham Greene, my favourite novelist, used to call his lighthearted stories such as Our Man in Havana ‘entertainments’. Taking from him my inspiration, I would define The Story of the Scrolls as an entertainingly informative account of my lifelong entanglement with Qumran. After recounting the old saga, I will set out briefly and neatly conclusions reached in the course of sixty years of wrestling with the Dead Sea Scrolls and share with the readers my mature views on their true significance. G.V. The area surrounding the Dead Sea, showing Qumran
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