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˜The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869). Volume 1: Biology PDF

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Preview ˜The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869). Volume 1: Biology

Patrick Williot · Guy Nonnotte Denise Vizziano-Cantonnet Mikhail Chebanov E ditors The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) Volume 1 - Biology The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) Volume 1 - Biology Patrick Williot • Guy Nonnotte Denise Vizziano-Cantonnet Mikhail Chebanov Editors The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) Volume 1 - Biology Editors Patrick Williot Guy Nonnotte Audenge La Teste de Buch France France Denise Vizziano-Cantonnet Mikhail Chebanov Facultad de Ciencias Kuban State University Universidad de la República Oriental Krasnodar, Krasnodar Territory del Uruguay Russia Montevideo Uruguay ISBN 978-3-319-61662-9 ISBN 978-3-319-61664-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61664-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017959368 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword This book on the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) presented by my friend Patrick Williot is both a body of scientific data for almost 40 years on this species and its breeding and exemplary history of the development of a new species in aqua- culture. But how has this “saga” started and how has Patrick Williot been able to devote his entire life of being a scientist to this species? The story was born in the region that remained the last sanctuary of the European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio), Aquitaine, and its rivers and estuaries. In the 1970s, it seemed that this species was doomed to disappear if no protective measures were taken. This then led the CEMAGREF (old Irstea) team, of which at this time I had the responsibility, to launch with the support of national and regional authorities, as well as professionals, a research program on the biology of this species. This pro- gram would probably not have achieved its current development if a fortuitous event had occurred. In 1975, I was called by the deputy director of the Aquaculture Department of CNEXO (ancestor of IFREMER) Pierre Rouzaud, who asked me if we were interested in hosting 300 young Siberian sturgeon (300 g each) that CNEXO was to receive from its Soviet counterpart, VNIRO, in exchange for sea bass fry from the Palavas station. My response was immediate and positive, while we had no program for this operation! We did have some advantages: an experimental breeding facility with warm waters from a thermal power station in Ambés, a young and motivated team in aqua- culture, and an early knowledge of this family of fish through the work on local species. The reception of these early fingerlings was made at the Roissy Airport (where I rode in a van), with an immediate transfer with a transport container to our station. Then it was the start of a first work program on the diet of this species, for which we had no data. Collective work between CEMAGREF, INRA, and the sub- sidiary factory of Grands Moulins de Paris specializing in fish feed allowed to move quickly on this issue and even publish the first scientific paper on the subject 1 But everything remained to be known and learned to get the technical mastery of all the operations necessary to develop the breeding of this species. Indeed, until then, only the Soviet team had been working on it, but only on the reproduction and 1 Barrucand M., Ferlin P., Lamarque P., Sabaut J.J., 1979. Alimentation artificielle de l’esturgeon Acipenser baeri. Proc. World Symposium on Finfish Nutrition and Fish feed Technology, Hambourg, 20-23 juin 1978, Vol. 1, 411-421. v vi Foreword larval rearing, aiming on restocking of fresh and estuarine waters. Jointly conducted missions by CEMAGREF (P. Ferlin) and INRA (P. Lamarque) in the 1970s in USSR and Iran showed that the larval rearing system (crucial phase for aquaculture) was absolutely not adapted to Western conditions. To feed the larvae and fingerlings of sturgeon, they first had to make a mashed cabbage (sort of “borsch”) and then give it as food to small red worms (chironomids), which were recovered by hand in trays with light above (that they do not like!) and heating below (which attracts and con- centrates them). On the other hand, in countries rich in native populations, obtaining eggs was done by sacrificing the females, while with our small population imported, we had to eventually reuse for other female pundits, developing a cesarean tech- nique2. Many other and fundamental aspects for breeding also remained to be stud- ied in terms of reproductive physiology, nutrition, diseases, etc. This work started through an agreement between CEMAGREF and INRA, at the Donzacq station of INRA, but it was very soon necessary to create new facilities, such as the hatchery in Saint Seurin sur L'Isle, strengthen scientific laboratories, and train researchers and technicians, but above all find a leader to initiate and manage these actions. It is Patrick Williot who volunteered to take the lead in this ambitious research program that would be subject to his life of being a scientist. His work had three consequences: • An amount of scientific and technical knowledge on this species, subject of this book • The development of a new aquaculture industry in France and abroad, creating jobs and producing high-quality products • The ability to protect wild sturgeons, especially in Aquitaine, not only by con- trolling their capture but also by developing methods of breeding and larval rear- ing issued from the work of the team of Patrick So I would like, as a prelude to this book, to pay tribute to the tenacious and efficient work of Patrick Williot and thank him for having contributed to the devel- opment of this sector and to the protection of these species that are so emblematic, the sturgeons. I also hope that this book will induce new vocations and develop new research in this area that has always fascinated me. Philippe Ferlin Former Chairman of OECD Committe of Fisheries General Inspector of Agriculture and Fisheries (Hon.) Boulogne-Billancourt, France 2 The editor in chief of this two volumes (P. Williot) has been primarily trained in the former USSR in the 1970s. A publication (Charlon et Williot 1978) provided, among others, the different ways of rearing the live preys for sturgeon larvae (oligochete, dapnia, artemia) as well as basic surgery. In the early 1980s, ceasarian has been industrialized simultaneously in France and USA. Later on, obtaining of ovulated eggs without ceasarian has been developed in Russia (Podushka 1986, see also Chap. 27 in this issue). Contents Part I Biology and Ecology 1 Geographical Distribution, Ecological and Biological Characteristics of the Siberian Sturgeon Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Georgii Igorevich Ruban 2 What Makes the Difference Between the Siberian Sturgeon and the Ponto-C aspian Sturgeon Species? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Georgii Igorevich Ruban 3 Anatomic Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Mikhail Chebanov and Elena Galich 4 The Axial Skeleton of the Siberian Sturgeon. Development, Organization, Structure and New Insights on Mineralization and Ossification of Vertebral Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Jean-Yves Sire and Amandine Leprévost 5 Evolution of Molecular Investigations on Sturgeon Sex Determination and Most Recent Developments in DNA Methylation with a Focus on the Siberian Sturgeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Rémy Simide and Sandrine Gaillard 6 Sex Determination and Differentiation of the Siberian Sturgeon . . . 93 Denise Vizziano-Cantonnet, Santiago Di Landro, and André Lasalle 7 Analysis of Transposable Elements Expressed in the Gonads of the Siberian Sturgeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Frédéric Brunet, Alexia Roche, Domitille Chalopin, Magali Naville, Christophe Klopp, Denise Vizziano- Cantonnet, and Jean-Nicolas Volff 8 Early Ontogeny in the Siberian Sturgeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Enric Gisbert and Yoon Kwon Nam 9 Behaviour of Early Life Stages in the Siberian Sturgeon . . . . . . . . . . 159 Enric Gisbert and Mikhail Solovyev vii viii Contents 10 Olfaction and Gustation in Acipenseridae, with Special References to the Siberian Sturgeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Alexander Kasumyan 11 Nutritional Requirements of the Siberian Sturgeon: An Updated Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Bahram Falahatkar 12 Swimming Characteristics of the Siberian Sturgeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Ming Duan, Yi Qu, and Ping Zhuang Part II Biology and Physiology of Reproduction 13 Chemical Neuroanatomy of the Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System in Sturgeons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Olivier Kah and Fátima Adrio 14 An Updated Version of Histological and Ultrastructural Studies of Oogenesis in the Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Françoise Le Menn, Catherine Benneteau-Pelissero, and René Le Menn 15 Sperm and Spermatozoa Characteristics in the Siberian Sturgeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Martin Pšenička and Andrzej Ciereszko 16 Gonadal Steroids: Synthesis, Plasmatic Levels and Biological Activities in Sturgeons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Denise Vizziano-Cantonnet 17 Steroid Profiles Throughout the Hormonal Stimulation in Females Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii Brandt . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Patrick Williot, Sylvain Comte, Françoise Le Menn, and Blandine Davail-Cuisset Part III Ecophysiology: Adaptation to Environment 18 Respiratory and Circulatory Responses to Hypoxia in the  Sturgeon, Acipenser baerii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Guy Nonnotte, Patrick Williot, and Valérie Maxime 19 Effects of Exposure to Ammonia in Water: Determination of the Sublethal and Lethal Levels in Siberian Sturgeon, Acipenser baerii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Guy Nonnotte, Dominique Salin, and Patrick Williot Contents ix 20 Consequences of High Levels of Ammonia Exposure on the Gills Epithelium and on the Haematological Characteristics of the Blood of the Siberian Sturgeon, Acipenser baerii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Guy Nonnotte, Dominique Salin, Patrick Williot, Karine Pichavant- Rafini, Michel Rafini, and Liliane Nonnotte 21 Acid-Base Balance and Ammonia Loading in the Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii, Exposed to High Concentrations of Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Guy Nonnotte, Dominique Salin, Patrick Williot, Karine Pichavant- Rafini, Michel Rafini, and Liliane Nonnotte 22 Effects of Exposure to Ammonia on Plasma, Brain and Muscle Concentrations of Amino Acids and Adenyl Nucleotides in the Siberian Sturgeon, Acipenser baerii . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Guy Nonnotte, Dominique Salin, Patrick Williot, Karine Pichavant- Rafini, Michel Rafini, and Liliane Nonnotte 23 The Importance of Water Quality in Siberian Sturgeon Farming: Nitrite Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 Enric Gisbert Part IV Specific Methods 24 Cannulation in the Cultured Siberian Sturgeon, Acipenser baerii Brandt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Patrick Williot and Françoise Le Menn 25 Some Basic Methods in Respiratory Physiology Studies Applied in the Siberian Sturgeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Guy Nonnotte, Patrick Williot, Karine Pichavant-Rafini, Michel Rafini, and Liliane Nonnotte Conclusions of the Volume 1: Recent Progress in Biology of Acipenser baerii, an Exciting Subject for Further Academic Research and Development of Aquaculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 About the Editors Denise Vizziano Cantonnet Denise Vizziano Cantonnet is a professor of the Facultad de Ciencias at the Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR) and at the postgraduate program Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA). She is researcher of the Government System of National Researcher (ANII) and head of the Department of Animal Biology (UdelaR). She is doctor of the University of Rennes I (U-Rennes I, France) and made a postdoctoral stay at the INRA of Rennes (France). She worked as invited professor at U-Rennes I. She conducted original research on reproductive endocrinology of fish working in different species of commercial importance as trouts, silverside, and croakers and developed for 20 years a training course on reproductive physiology of fish for Latino American students promoting the development of this new area of research in Latin America. She was invited as professor at different universities of Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru) interested to develop endocri- nology of reproduction of native species key for fish farming. She started to work in Siberian sturgeons when the producers contacted the university to reproduce the species in Uruguay. The first reproduction in captivity of the Southern Hemisphere has been done in Uruguay together with Dr. Patrick Williot by applying the method- ology developed by this researcher in the CEMAGREF (France). She started the first worldwide investigations in the molecular basis of sex differentiation in stur- geons and built a complete gonadal transcriptome of Siberian sturgeons in order to search the master gene for sex determination and genes involved in sex differentia- tion. In cooperation with specialists on fish evolution (Dr. Jean Nicolas Volff and Dr. Frederic Brunet, University of Lyon), a first study on retrotransposons has been made using the gonadal transcriptome. A multi-tissue transcriptome is recently built for Siberian sturgeons in cooperation with Ing. Christophe Klopp (INRA, Toulouse), and the team of Dr. Vizziano is now searching for a genetic sex marker that will improve the fundamental research and will have an impact in sturgeon production. Mikhail  Chebanov Professor Mikhail Chebanov, Dr.Sc., is professor of the Department of Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture of Kuban State University and director of the State Regional Centre for Sturgeon Gene Pool Conservation “Kubanbioresursi,” Ministry of Natural Resources (Krasnodar, Russia). He has developed a technology of the all-year-round reproduction of the different sturgeon xi

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