The Russian Revolution from Lenin to Stalin 1917-1929

251 Pages·2004·9.16 MB·English

by  E. Carr

E.H. CARR
THE RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION FROM
LENIN TO STALIN
1917-1919
With a new introduction by
*
R. W. Davies
This DJVUIPDF was created
by adding the new edition's (2004)
introduction (by R. W. Davies),
index, table of contents, cover
and chronology to the older
edition's DJVU!PDF. The text of
the book itself was unchanged
so we didn't rescan it.

Hy the same author
A HISTORY OF SOVIET RUSSIA
in .fourteen volumes
I. THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION, VOiume One
2. THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION, VOiume Two
3. THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION, VOiume Three
4. THEINTERREGNUM
5. SOCIALISM IN ONE COUNTRY, VOiume One
6. SOCIALISM IN ONE COUNTRY, VOiume Two
7. SOCIALISM IN ONE COUNTRY, VOiume Three, Part/
8. SOCIALISM IN ONE COUNTRY, VOiume Three, Part II
9. *FOUNDATIONS OF A PLANNED ECONOMY, VOiume One, Part/
10. *FOUNDATIONS OF A PLANNED ECONOMY, VOiume One, Part II
11. FOUNDATIONS OF A PLANNED ECONOMY, VOiume Two
12. FOUNDATIONS OF A PLANNED ECONOMY, VOiume Three, Part/
13. FOUNDATIONS OF A PLANNED ECONOMY, VOiume Three, Part II
14. FOUNDATIONS OF A PLANNED ECONOMY, VOiume Three, Part II/
PENGUIN EDITION
Volumes 1-6 and 11 are published as separate volumes
Volumes 7-8 and 9-10 are published as single joint volumes
Volumes 12-14 have not been published by Penguin
MICHAEL BAKUNIN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS, 1919-1939
THE TWENTY YEARS' CRISIS, 1919-1939
NATIONALISM AND AFTER
THE NEW SOCIETY
1917: BEFORE AND AFTER
WHAT IS HISTORY?
FROM NAPOLEON TO STALIN
THE TWILIGHT OF COMINTERN, 1930-1935
THE COMINTERN AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
*with R. W. Davies
THE RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION
FROM LENIN TO STALIN
(1917-1929)
Edward Hallett Carr
Sometime Fellow ef Triniry College
Cambridge
With a new Introduction by
R. W Davies
Centre far Russian and East European Studies
Universiry ef Birmingham, UK
palgrave
rnacrnillan
* © E. H. Carr 1979
Introduction © R. W. Davies 2004
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90
Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of
this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 1979 by Macmillan Press
First published in paperback 1980 by PAPERMAC, a division of Pan
Macmillan Publishers Ltd
Reprinted 1981, 1983 (twice), 198S, 1987 (twice), 1989, 1990, 1991
This edition published 2004 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and
17S Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010
Companies and representatives throughout the world
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave
Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom
and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European
Union and other countries.
ISBN 0-333-99309-8 paperback
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Carr, Edward Hallett, 1892-1982
The Russian revolution: from Lenin to Stalin 1917-1929 /by Edward
Hallett Carr ; with a new introduction by R. W. Davies.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-333-99309-8
1. Soviet Union-History-Revolution, 1917-1921. 2. Soviet Union
-History. I. Davies, R. W. (Robert William), 192S-II. Title.
DK26S.C3837 2003
947.084'1-dc22
20030S8S99
10 9 8 7 6 s 4 3 2 1
13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 OS 04
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne
Contents
Foreword
Vll
List ef Abbreviations
IX
Chronology
Xl
Introduction xv
Further Reading on the Years I 9 I 7-I 9 2 9 xi
I October 191 7 I
2 The Two Worlds 9
3 War Communism 20
4 The Breathing-Space of NEP 30
5 The New Soviet Order 38
6 The Scissors Crisis 50
7 Lenin's Last Days 61
8 The Rise of Stalin 68
9 The USSR and the West (1923-1927) 84
10 The USSR and the East (1923-1927) 95
I I The Beginnings of Planning 106
I 2 The Defe at of the Opposition 115
13 The Dilemma of Agriculture 123
14 Growing Pains of Industrialization 131
I 5 The First Five-Year Plan 141
16 The Collectivization of the Peasant 153
I 7 Patterns of Dictatorship 163
18 The USSR and the World (1927-1929) 173
19 The Revolution in Perspective 185
Index 193
v
List ef Abbreviations
Pro fin tern Red International of Trade Unions (RILU)
RSFSR Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic
Sovkhoz(y) Soviet Farm(s)
Sovnarkhoz(y) Council(s) of National Economy
Sovnarkom Council of People's Commissars
SPD German Social-Democratic Party
SR Socialist-Revolutionary
TsIK Central Executive Committee
USPD German Independent Social-Democratic
Party
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
VAPP All-Russian Association of Proletarian
Writers
Vesenkha Supreme Council of National Economy
VTsIK All-Russian Central Executive Committee

Foreword
The large History of Soviet Russia which has occupied me
for the past thirty years, and has just been completed in
four instalments, The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923, The Interreg
num, 1923-1924, Socialism in One Country, 1924-1926, and Founda
tions of a Planned Economy, 1926-1929, was based on much
detailed research and designed for specialists. It occurred
to me that some purpose might be served by distilling this
research into a short book of a quite different kind, without
the scholarly refinements of source references or footnotes,
designed for the general reader and for the student seeking
a first introduction to the subject. The result is the present
short history. The difference in scale and purpose means
that this is substantially a new composition. Scarcely a sentence
from the original work reappears unchanged in the new.
The Russian Revolution: from Lenin to Stalin, 1917-1929 covers
the same period as the large history. This is a period for
which (in contrast with the later years) ample contemporary
Soviet sources are available. It is also a period which contained
in embryo much of the subsequent course of Soviet history;
an understanding of what happened then is needed to explain
what happened afterwards. To describe the nineteen-twenties
in terms of a transition from the Russian revolution of Lenin
to the Russian revolution of Stalin would, no doubt, be
an over-simplification. But it would personify an important
historical process, the conclusion of which still lies in the
unforeseeable future.
Vll