Table Of Content

The Routledge Critical and Cultural Theory Reader Everything is open to question. Nothing is sacred. Critical and cultural theory invites a rethinking of some of our most basic assump tions about who we are, how we behave, and how we interpret the world around us. The Routledge Critical and Cultural Theory Reader brings together 29 key pieces from the last century and a half that have shaped the field. Topics include: subjectivity, language, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, the body, the human, class, culture, everyday life, literature, psychoanalysis, technology, power, and visuality. The choice of texts, together with the editors' introduction and glossary, will allow newcomers to begin from first principles, while the use of unabridged readings will also make the volume suitable for those undertaking more specialized work. Material is arranged chronologically, but the editors have suggested thematic pathways through the selections. Contributors include key figures in critical theory and cultural studies: Giorgio Agamben, GI oria Anzaldua, Roland Barthes, Jean Baudrillard, Walter Benjamin, Lauren Berlant, Judith Butler, Michel de Certeau, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, Frantz Fanon, Michel Foucault, Sigmund Freud, Marjorie Garber, Felix Guattari, Stuart Hall, Donna J. Haraway, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Lacan, Henri Lefebvre, Jean-Franr;ois Lyotard, Karl Marx, Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Laura Mulvey, Joan Riviere, Gayle Rubin, Edward Said, Ferdinand de Saussure, Michael Warner, Hayden White and Raymond Williams. Neil Badmington is Senior Lecturer in Cultural Criticism and English Literature at Cardiff University. He is the author of Alien Chic: Posthumanism and the Other Within (2004) and editor of Posthumanism (2000). Julia Thomas is Senior Lecturer in English Literature at Cardiff University. She is the author of Victorian Narrative Painting (2000), Pictorial Victorians: The Inscription of Values in Word and Image (2004), and editor of Reading Images (2000). The Routledge Critical and Cultural Theory Reader Edited hv Neil Badmington and Julia Thomas ~~ ~~o~!~:n~~:up LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2008 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledae is an imprint if the Taylor &_Francis Group. an iriforma business Editorial selection and material © 2008 Neil Badmington and Julia Thomas Chapters © The Contributors Typeset in Perpetua and Bell Gothic by RefineCatch Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk Printed and bound in Great Britain by Cromwell Press Ltd, Trowbridge, Wiltshire All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloauina in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library if Conaress Cataloaina in Publication Data The Routledge critical and cultural theory reader I edited by Neil Badmington and Julia Thomas. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. I. Critical theory. 2. Culture. I. Badmington, Neil, 1971- II. Thomas, Julia. HM480.R682008 301.01-<lc22 2008002206 ISBNIO: 0-415-43308-8 (hbk) ISBN 10: 0-41 5-4 3309-6 (pbk) ISBN 13: 978--0-415-43308-2 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-415-4 3309-9 (pbk) Contents Pathways viii Acknowledgements ix Editors' introduction 1 1 Karl Marx 'PREFACE (TO A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CRITIQUE OF POLITICAL ECONOMY)', 1859 6 2 Sigmund Freud 'A NOTE ON THE UNCONSCIOUS IN PSYCHOANALYSIS', 1912 10 3 Ferdinand de Saussure 16 'LINGUISTIC VALUE', 1916 4 Joan Riviere 25 'WOMANLINESS AS A MASQUERADE', 1929 5 Walter Benjamin 'THE WORK OF ART IN THE AGE OF MECHANICAL REPRODUCTION', 34 1936 6 Jacques Lacan 'THE MIRROR STAGE AS FORMATIVE OF THE FUNCTION OF THE I 57 AS REVEALED IN PSYCHOANALYTIC EXPERIENCE', 1949 7 Frantz Fanon 63 'THE FACT OF BLACKNESS', 1952 vi CONTENTS 8 Raymond Williams 82 'CULTURE IS ORDINARY', 1958 9 Henri Lefebvre 95 'THE SOCIAL TEXT', 1961 10 Hayden White 100 'THE BURDEN OF HISTORY', 1966 11 Roland Barthes 121 'THE DEATH OF THE AUTHOR', 1968 12 Jacques Derrida 126 'DIFFERANCE', 1968 13 Michel de Certeau 149 'WALKING IN THE CITY', 1974 14 Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari 166 'WHAT IS A MINOR LITERATURE?', 1975 15 Michel Foucault 178 'PANOPTICISM', 1975 16 Laura Mulvey 202 'VISUAL PLEASURE AND NARRATIVE CINEMA', 1975 17 Edward Said 213 INTRODUCTION TO ORIENTALISM, 1978 18 Stuart Hall 234 'ENCODING/DECODING', 1980 19 Julia Kristeva 245 'APPROACHING ABJECTION', 1980 20 Jean Baudrillard 267 'SIMULACRA AND SCIENCE FICTION', 1981 21 Jean-Fran~ois Lyotard 'ANSWER TO THE QUESTION: WHAT IS THE POSTMODERN?', 272 1982 22 Gayle Rubin 'THINKING SEX: NOTES TOWARDS A RADICAL THEORY OF THE POLITICS OF SEXUALITY', 1984 281 23 Donna J. Haraway 'A MANIFESTO FOR CYBORGS: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIALIST FEMINISM IN THE 1980S', 1985 324 24 Gloria Anzaldua 'HOW TO TAME A WILD TONGUE', 1987 356 CONTENTS vii 25 Judith Butler 'IMITATION AND GENDER INSUBORDINATION', 1991 365 26 Chandra Talpade Mohanty 'UNDER WESTERN EYES: FEMINIST SCHOLARSHIP AND COLONIAL DISCOURSES', 1991 381 27 Giorgio Agamben INTRODUCTION TO HOMO SACER: SOVEREIGN POWER ANO BARE LIFE, 1995 406 28 Lauren Berlant and Michael Warner 'WHAT DOES QUEER THEORY TEACH US ABOUT X?', 1995 415 29 Marjorie Garber 'WHO OWNS "HUMAN NATURE"?', 2003 422 Glossary 443 Index 447 Pathways The body- Riviere, Lacan, Fanon, Foucault, Mulvey, Kristeva, Rubin, Haraway, Butler, A gam ben Class - Marx, Williams, Lefebvre, Haraway, Mohanty Culture- Williams, White, Said, Haraway, Anzaldua Difference - Saussure, Riviere, Derrida, Fanon, de Certeau, Deleuze and Guattari, Mulvey, Said, Lyotard, Haraway, Anzaldua, Butler, Mohanty, Berlant and Warner The everyday- Williams, Lefebvre, de Certeau Gender - Riviere, Fanon, Mulvey, Rubin, Haraway, Anzaldua, Butler, Mohanty Language - Saussure, Lefebvre, Barthes, Derrida, de Certeau, Deleuze and Guattari, Hall, Kristeva, Lyotard, Anzaldua, Garber Literature - Williams, White, Barthes, Deleuze and Guattari, Said, Kristeva, Baudrillard, Lyotard, Anzaldua, Garber Marxism- Marx, Benjamin, Williams, Lefebvre, Hall, Haraway Post/colonialism - Fanon, Deleuze and Guattari, Said, Anzaldua, Mohanty Power and resistance - Marx, Riviere, Fanon, Williams, Barthes, de Certeau, Deleuze and Guattari, Foucault, Mulvey, Said, Hal~ l<risteva, Lyotard, Rubin, Haraway, Anzaldua, Butler, Mohanty, Agamben, Berlant and Warner Psychoanalysis- Freud, Riviere, Lacan, Fanon, Derrida, de Certeau, Mulvey, Kristeva, Butler Race and ethnicity - Fanon, Deleuze and Guattari, Said, Anzaldua, Mohanty Sexuality- Riviere, Mulvey, Rubin, Butler, Berlant and Warner Space - Lefebvre, de Certeau, Foucault Subjectivity - Marx, Freud, Riviere, Lacan, Fanon, Foucault, l<risteva, Haraway, Anzaldua, Butler, Agamben, Garber Technology- Benjamin, Baudrillard, Haraway, Agamben Visuality - Benjamin, Lacan, Foucault, de Certeau, Mulvey, Hall, Lyotard Acknowledgements The following were reproduced with kind permission. Whilst every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and obtain permission, this has not been possible in all cases. Any omissions brought to our attention will be remedied in future editions. Karl Marx, 'Preface (to a Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy)', Early Writings, trans. Rodney Livingstone and Gregor Benton ( Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1975), pp.424-8. Reproduced by kind permission of New Left Review. Sigmund Freud, 'A note on the unconscious in psychoanalysis', in Collected Papers, volume 4, trans. James Strachey, 1959, New York: Basic Books. Reprinted by permission of Basic Books, a member of Perseus Books Group. Sigmund Freud © Copyrights, The Institute of Psycho-Analysis and The Hogarth Press for permission to quote from THE STANDARD EDITION OF THE COMPLETE PSYCHOLOGICAL WORKS OF SIGMUND FREUD translated and edited by James Strachey. Reprinted by permission of The Random House Group Ltd. Ferdinand de Saussure, 'Linguistic value', Course in General Linguistics, eds. Charles Bally, Albe.rt Sechehaye and Albert Reidlinger, trans. Wade Baskin, Peter Owen Ltd, London, 1974, pp. 111-22. Reproduced with permission. Joan Riviere, 'Womanliness as a masquerade', International Journal of Psychoanalysis 10 (1929): 303-12. Reproduced by kind permission of the Melanie Klein Trust www.melanie-klein-trust.org.uk. 'The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction' from ILLUMINATIONS by Walter Benjamin, copyright © 1955 by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt a.M., English translation by Harry Zohn copyright © 1968 and renewed 1996 by Harcourt, Inc., reprinted by permission of Harcourt, Inc. 'The mirror stage as formative ofthe function ofthe I', from ECRITS: AS ELECTION