Table Of Content

‘This outstanding volume includes insights from every leading scholar doing thought provok- ing research on digital journalism. Everything you need to know about the state of contempo- rary journalism: the why, the how, and with what effect— it’s all here, in this engaging and forward thinking Companion to Digital Journalism Studies.’ Zizi Papacharissi, Professor and Head, Department of Communication, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA ‘Bob Franklin and Scott Eldridge have created a foundational text for the development of Digital Journalism Studies as an emerging interdisciplinary field of study. The Routledge Companion to Digital Journalism Studies is a masterful collection, addressing key ideas, issues and concerns shaping the field and exploring conceptual, professional, methodological and ethical considerations related to Digital Journalism Studies. Framed globally, this must-read text includes 58 original articles, which focus on the implications of economic, cultural, social, political and technological conditions facing Digital Journalism Studies while addressing key changes in the way people now engage with news and information.’ Bonnie Brennen, Nieman Professor of Journalism, Marquette University, USA ‘The world of news and journalism is changing fast as the Internet has become a common means of news gathering and distribution. The Routledge Companion to Digital Journalism Studies offers a comprehensive collection of essays analysing “digital journalism” and “Digital Journalism Studies” and makes an irreplaceable and timely contribution to the field. Very familiar concepts like news and journalism are now up for complete overhaul, and this essential compilation of original work provides a major input to this task.’ Peter Golding, Emeritus Professor, Northumbria University, UK THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO DIGITAL JOURNALISM STUDIES The Routledge Companion to Digital Journalism Studies offers an unprecedented collection of essays addressing the key issues and debates shaping the field of Digital Journalism Studies today. Across the last decade, journalism has undergone many changes, which have driven scholars to reassess its most fundamental questions and, in the face of digital change, to ask again: ‘Who is a journalist?’ and ‘What is journalism?’ This Companion explores a developing scholarly agenda committed to understanding digital journalism and brings together the work of key scholars seeking to address key theoretical concerns and solve unique methodological riddles. Comprised of 58 original essays by distinguished academics from across the globe, this Companion draws together the work of those making sense of this fundamental reconceptual- ization of journalism and assesses its impacts on journalism’s products, its practices, resources, and its relationship with audiences. It also outlines the challenges presented by studying digital journalism and, more importantly, offers a first set of answers. This collection is the very first of its kind to attempt to distinguish this emerging field as a unique area of academic inquiry. Through identifying its core questions and presenting its fundamental debates, this Companion sets the agenda for years to come in defining this new field of study as Digital Journalism Studies, making it an essential point of reference for students and scholars of journalism. Bob Franklin is Professor of Journalism Studies at the Cardiff School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies. He is the founding editor of the journals Digital Journalism, Journalism Practice and Journalism Studies. His most recent book is The Future of Journalism: In an Age of Digital Media and Economic Uncertainty (2015). Scott A. Eldridge II is an Assistant Professor of Journalism Studies and Media at the Univer- sity of Groningen, Netherlands. His research and publications focus on changing concepts of journalism and the challenges to journalism’s identity presented by emerging digital actors. He is Reviews Editor for the journal Digital Journalism and is on the editorial boards of Digital Journalism and the Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies. Contributors: Laura Ahva, Tanja Aitamurto, Stuart Allan, Marco T. Bastos, Annika Bergström, Henrik Bødker, Tanja Bosch, Peter Bro, Meredith Broussard, Axel Bruns, Matt Carlson, Lilie Chouliaraki, Irene Costera Meijer, Nello Cristianini, Juliette De Maeyer, Lina Dencik, Nicholas Diakopoulos, Murray Dick, Monika Djerf-Pierre, David Dowling, Martin Eide, Scott A. Eldridge II, Ivar John Erdal, Terry Flew, Bob Franklin, Jose A. García-Avilés, Celeste González de Bustamante, Tim Groot Kormelink, Ágnes Gulyás, Folker Hanusch, Raymond A. Harder, Jonathan Hardy, Uwe Hasebrink, David Hedley, Ulrika Hedman, Lea Hellmueller, Alfred Hermida, Kristy Hess, Arne Hintz, Michiel Johnson, Andy Kaltenbrunner, Aljosha Karim Schapals, Michael Karlsson, Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, Thomas B. Ksiazek, Thomas Lansdall-Welfare, Ainara Larrondo, Justin Lewis, Seth C. Lewis, You Li, Wiebke Loosen, Asmaa Malik, Pere Masip, Brian McNair, Klaus Meier, Toby Miller, Mette Mortensen, Merja Myllylahti, Joyce Y. M. Nip, Chris Paterson, Steve Paulussen, John V. Pavlik, Limor Peer, Chris Peters, Robert G. Picard, Jeannine E. Relly, David Ryfe, Jan-Hinrik Schmidt, Ivor Shapiro, Helle Sjøvaag, Prasun Sonwalkar, Guy Starkey, Steen Steensen, Edson C. Tandoc Jr., Einar Thorsen, Neil Thurman, Hilde Van den Bulck, Tom Van Hout, Sarah Van Leuven, Travis Vogan, Karin Wahl-Jorgensen, Melissa Wall, Lisa Waller, Stephen J. A. Ward, Oscar Westlund and Jenny Wiik. THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO DIGITAL JOURNALISM STUDIES Edited by Bob Franklin and Scott A. Eldridge II First published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 Bob Franklin and Scott A. Eldridge II for selection and editorial matter; individual contributions the contributors The right of Bob Franklin and Scott A. Eldridge II to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Franklin, Bob, 1949– editor. | Eldridge, Scott A., II editor. Title: The Routledge companion to digital journalism studies / edited by Bob Franklin and Scott A. Eldridge II. Description: London ; New York : Routledge, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016006772| ISBN 9781138887961 (hbk) | ISBN 9781315713793 (ebk) Subjects: LCSH: Online journalism. | Digital media. | Journalism—Technological innovations. Classification: LCC PN4784.O62 R68 2017 | DDC 070.4—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016006772 ISBN: 978-1-138-88796-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-71379-3 (ebk) Typeset in Goudy by Book Now Ltd, London CONTENTS List of illustrations xiii List of contributors xv Acknowledgments xxv Introduction: Defining Digital Journalism Studies 1 Scott A. Eldridge II and Bob Franklin PART I Conceptualizing digital journalism studies 13 1 What’s digital? What’s journalism? 15 Asmaa Malik and Ivor Shapiro 2 Deconstructing digital journalism studies 25 Laura Ahva and Steen Steensen 3 Digital journalism ethics 35 Stephen J. A. Ward 4 The digital journalist: The journalistic field, boundaries, and disquieting change 44 Scott A. Eldridge II 5 The time(s) of news websites 55 Henrik Bødker 6 Digital footage from conflict zones: The politics of authenticity 64 Lilie Chouliaraki vii Contents 7 Gatekeeping and agenda-setting: Extinct or extant in a digital era? 75 Peter Bro PART II Investigating digital journalism 85 8 Rethinking research methods for digital journalism studies 87 Helle Sjøvaag and Michael Karlsson 9 Automating massive-scale analysis of news content 96 Thomas Lansdall-Welfare, Justin Lewis, and Nello Cristianini 10 The ethnography of digital journalism 108 Chris Paterson 11 Investigating ‘churnalism’ in real-time news 117 Tom Van Hout and Sarah Van Leuven 12 Digital journalism and big data 126 Seth C. Lewis 13 Exploring digital journalism with web surveys 136 Annika Bergström and Jenny Wiik PART III Financial strategies for digital journalism 145 14 Funding digital journalism: The challenges of consumers and the economic value of news 147 Robert G. Picard 15 Resourcing a viable digital journalism 155 Jonathan Hardy 16 Newspaper paywalls and corporate revenues: A comparative study 166 Merja Myllylahti 17 Computational journalism and the emergence of news platforms 176 Nicholas Diakopoulos 18 Crowdsourcing in open journalism: Benefits, challenges, and value creation 185 Tanja Aitamurto viii Contents 19 Community and hyperlocal journalism: A ‘sustainable’ model? 194 Kristy Hess and Lisa Waller PART IV Digital journalism studies: Issues and debates 205 20 Mobile news: The future of digital journalism 207 Oscar Westlund 21 Digital journalism and tabloid journalism 217 Marco T. Bastos 22 Automated journalism: A posthuman future for digital news? 226 Matt Carlson 23 Citizen journalism: Connections, contradictions, and conflicts 235 Melissa Wall 24 User comments and civility on YouTube 244 Thomas B. Ksiazek and Limor Peer 25 Digital transparency and accountability 253 Martin Eide PART V Developing digital journalism practice 263 26 Data, algorithms, and code: Implications for journalism practice in the digital age 265 John V. Pavlik 27 Self-referential practices in journalism: Metacoverage and metasourcing 274 Nete Nørgaard Kristensen and Mette Mortensen 28 Live blogs, sources, and objectivity: The contradictions of real-time online reporting 283 Neil Thurman and Aljosha Karim Schapals 29 Follow the click? Journalistic autonomy and web analytics 293 Edson C. Tandoc Jr. 30 Journalists’ uses of hypertext 302 Juliette De Maeyer ix