The Passive in Japanese: A cartographic minimalist approach

268 Pages·2012·1.829 MB·English

by  Tomoko Ishizuka

The Passive in Japanese
Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today (LA)
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General Editors
Werner Abraham Elly van Gelderen
University of Vienna / Arizona State University
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Advisory Editorial Board
Josef Bayer Christer Platzack
University of Konstanz University of Lund
Cedric Boeckx Ian Roberts
ICREA/UB Cambridge University
Guglielmo Cinque Lisa deMena Travis
University of Venice McGill University
Liliane Haegeman Sten Vikner
University of Ghent University of Aarhus
Hubert Haider C. Jan-Wouter Zwart
University of Salzburg University of Groningen
Terje Lohndal
Norwegian University of Science
and Technology
Volume 192
The Passive in Japanese. A cartographic minimalist approach
by Tomoko Ishizuka
The Passive in Japanese
A cartographic minimalist approach
Tomoko Ishizuka
Tama University
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam / Philadelphia
TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
8
the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence
of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ishizuka, Tomoko, 1968-
The passive in Japanese : a cartographic minimalist approach / by Tomoko Ishizuka.
p. cm. (Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, issn 0166-0829 ; v. 192)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Japanese language--Voice. 2. Japanese language--Passive voice. 3. Japanese language--
Grammar. 4. Japanese language--Syntax. I. Title.
PL589.I84 2012
495.6’56--dc23 2012022408
isbn 978 90 272 5575 4 (Hb ; alk. paper)
isbn 978 90 272 7348 2 (Eb)
© 2012 – John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any
other means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · The Netherlands
John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa
JB[v.20020404] Prn:11/08/2012;9:05 F:LA192CO.tex / p.1(53-117)
Table of contents
Listoftables ix
Abbreviations xi
Abstract xiii
Acknowledgments xv
chapter1
TowardsaunifiedtheoryofJapanesepassives 1
1.1 Thegeneralresearchprogram 1
1.2 Modularityofgrammar 2
1.3 ThepassivevoicesysteminJapanese 3
1.3.1 Thetraditionaldichotomy 3
1.4 Coalescingthetwotypesofpassives 5
1.4.1 Thepolysemyof-rare 5
1.4.2 Distributionaldifferencesbetween-rareand-sase 6
1.4.3 Indirectpassivesarepseudo-andgenitivepassives 7
1.5 Researchquestions 10
1.6 Frameworkandtheoreticaltools 11
1.6.1 Theprinciplesandparameterstreatment
ofEnglishpassives 12
1.6.2 Collins’(2005)smugglinganalysis 14
1.7 Theproposedanalysis 16
1.7.1 Lexicalpropertiesof-rare 16
1.7.2 Generalpropertiesinteractingwith-rare 18
1.7.3 What-raredoesnotdo 18
1.8 Thedata:Grammaticalityjudgmentsurveys 21
1.9 Outlineofthebook 22
chapter2
Thepassivemorpheme-rare 25
2.1 Thedistributionof-rare 25
2.2 Thepassive-rareisalwaysafunctionalelement 28
2.3 -rareasavoicehead 29
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vi AModularAnalysisofJapanesePassives
2.3.1 Establishingapatternwithlongpassivization 29
2.3.2 -rareinstantiatesvoice 36
2.4 Lexicalpropertiesof-rare 38
2.4.1 Complementationpropertiesof-rare 39
2.4.2 TheEPPfeatureof-rare 41
2.4.3 Introducingadativeprojection 46
2.5 Subjecthonorifics 46
2.6 Summaryofthechapter 49
chapter3
Thederivedsubjectinthepassive 51
3.1 GeneralpropertiesofJapanese 51
3.1.1 Theabsenceofanexpletive 51
3.1.2 Movementandcase 54
3.2 Theaccusativepassive 59
3.3 Dativeandsourcepassivesderivedfromditransitiveverbs 61
3.3.1 Addresseeof‘verbsofspeaking’ 63
3.3.2 Theme-raisingofthepassivizedditransitiveverb 64
3.3.3 Thesourcepassive 75
3.4 Passivizationofcausatives 77
3.5 Pseudo-passives:Passiveswithintransitives 79
3.5.1 Englishpseudo-passives 79
3.5.2 Japanesepassivesderivedfromobliques 81
3.5.3 Postpositionalobjectsincompatible
withpseudo-passives 93
3.6 Thegenitivepassive 94
3.6.1 Genitivepassivesdisguised:Passivesrequiringcontext 102
3.7 Extra-thematicnominativeDPs 116
3.8 Summaryofthechapter 117
chapter4
Ni-passives,ni-yotte-passives,andshortpassives 119
4.1 Theni-phrase 123
4.2 Thekara-phrase 126
4.3 Shortpassivesandni-yottepassives 127
4.3.1 Shortpassives 127
4.3.2 Ni-yottepassives 128
chapter5
Revisitingtheliterature 135
5.1 Thetraditionalclassification 135
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Tableofcontents vii
5.2 Traditionalanalyses 138
5.2.1 Thestandardanalysisofindirectpassives 139
5.2.2 Standardanalysesofdirectpassives 140
5.2.3 Standardanalysesofpossessivepassives 143
5.3 Areindirectpassivesspecial? 145
5.3.1 NumeralQuantifierFloating 146
5.3.2 Thedistributionofni-phrases 157
5.4 Summaryofthechapter 164
chapter6
Furthersupportformovement 165
6.1 Thegapisatrace 165
6.1.1 Isthegapapro? 166
6.2 Reconstructioneffects 167
6.2.1 Scopeinteractions 168
6.2.2 Idiomreconstruction 173
6.2.3 Thedistributivemorphemezutu 174
6.3 A-vs.A¯-movement 182
6.3.1 Reanalyzinglong-distancepassivization 183
6.4 Does-rareselectforanargument? 187
6.4.1 Compatibilitywithsubject-orientedadverbs 188
6.4.2 Incompatibilitywithinanimate/abstractDPs 190
6.4.3 Adversativeconnotations 192
6.5 Summaryofthechapter 203
chapter7
Theextra-thematicpassive 205
7.1 Methodologyofthesurveys 207
7.1.1 QuestionnaireA 208
7.1.2 QuestionnairesBandC 209
7.1.3 Results 210
7.2 Adversativecontextandextra-thematicpassives 211
7.2.1 Whatistherightkindofcontext? 215
7.2.2 Datafromlinguistically-trainednativespeakers 215
7.2.3 Datafromthesurveys 218
7.3 TheproposedanalysisofGrammar-L 222
7.3.1 DoesGrammar-LcontainGrammar-Q? 225
7.4 Issuescenteringonindividualvariability 228
7.5 Summaryofthechapter 229
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viii AModularAnalysisofJapanesePassives
chapter8
Conclusions 231
8.1 AnewanalysisofJapanesepassives 231
8.2 Propertiesthattheproposedanalysisaccountsfor 231
8.3 Implications 232
Bibliography 235
Nameindex 245
Subjectindex 247
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List of tables
2.1 Longvs.embeddedpassives 30
2.2 Japanesefunctionalcategories:BasedonCinque(1999,2004) 37
2.3 Controlvs.raisingverbs 37
2.4 Transitiveverbscomprisingofarootandv[+active] 41
2.5 Middlevoiceverbscontainingv[–active] 41
2.6 Transitive-intransitivealternationofhag-u‘topeel’ 45
3.1 Grammaticaljudgmentresultsfor(123) 113
3.2 Theactivesourceofthederivedsubjectinthepassive 115
4.1 Thedistributionofexternalarguments 120
4.2 Thedistributionofby-phrases 131
5.1 Traditionalclassificationvs.thecorepassive 138
6.1 ReconstructioneffectsofnominativeDPs 173
7.1 Grammaticalityjudgmentresultsfor(13) 213
7.2 Grammaticalityjudgmentresultsfor(14) 214
7.3 Grammaticalityjudgmentresultsfor(15) 214
7.4 Grammaticalityjudgmentresultsfor(17) 216
7.5 Grammaticalityjudgmentresultsfor(18) 217
7.6 Grammaticalityjudgmentresultsfor(19) 217
7.7 Contextthatmakes(20)acceptable 219
7.8 Contextthatmakes(21)acceptable 219
7.9 Contextthatmakes(24)acceptable 221