The Motivated Mind: The Selected Works of Arie Kruglanski

386 Pages·2018·15.97 MB·English

by  Arie W. Kruglanski

The Motivated Mind
In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present
career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces – extracts from
books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major practical theoretical
contributions.
In this volume Arie Kruglanski reflects on the development throughout his
distinguished career of his wide-ranging research covering radicalisation, human
judgement and belief formation, group and intergroup processes, and motivated
cognition. This collection offers an invaluable insight into the key works behind
the formation of Kruglanski’s seminal theory of lay epistemics, as well as his
important input into a diverse range of fields of social psychology. A specially
written introduction gives an intimate overview of this career, and contextualises
the selection in relation to changes in the field during this time.
With continuing relevance today, and of vast historical importance, this collec-
tion is essential reading for anyone with an interest in goals, belief formation,
group processes, and social psychology in general.
Arie W. Kruglanski is a Distinguished University Professor at the University
of Maryland in the US, a recipient of numerous awards, and is a Fellow of the
American Psychological Association and the American Psychological Society.
He has served as editor of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Attitudes
and Social Cognition, editor of the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, and associate
editor of the American Psychologist.
World Library of Psychologists
The World Library of Psychologists series celebrates the important contributions
to psychology made by leading experts in their individual fields of study. Each
scholar has compiled a career-long collection of what they consider to be their
finest pieces: extracts from books, journals, articles, major theoretical and practical
contributions, and salient research findings.
For the first time ever the work of each contributor is presented in a single volume
so readers can follow the themes and progress of their work and identify the
contributions made to, and the development of, the fields themselves.
Each book in the series features a specially written introduction by the contributor
giving an overview of their career, contextualizing their selection within the
development of the field, and showing how their thinking developed over time.
Discovering the Social Mind
Selected Works of Christopher D. Frith
By Christopher D. Frith
Towards a Deeper Understanding of Consciousness
Selected Works of Max Velmans
By Max Velmans
Thinking Developmentally from Constructivism to Neuroconstructivism
Selected Works of Annette Karmiloff-Smith
By Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Acquired Language Disorders in Adulthood and Childhood
Selected Works of Elaine Funnell
Edited by Nicola Pitchford, Andrew W. Ellis
Exploring Working Memory
Selected works of Alan Baddeley
By Alan Baddeley
The Motivated Mind
The Selected Works of
Arie W. Kruglanski
Arie W. Kruglanski
First published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2018 Arie W. Kruglanski
The right of Arie W. Kruglanski to be identified as author of this work
has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or
other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Names: Kruglanski, Arie W., author.
Title: The motivated mind : the selected works of Arie W. Kruglanski /
Arie W. Kruglanski.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017060861 (print) | LCCN 2017061073 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781315175867 (Ebk) | ISBN 9781351708029 (Adobe) |
ISBN 9781351708012 ( Epub) | ISBN 9781351708005 (Mobipocket) |
ISBN 9781138039438 (hbk)
Subjects: LCSH: Motivation (Psychology) | Cognition.
Classification: LCC BF503 (ebook) |
LCC BF503. K78 2018 (print) | DDC 153.8—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017060861
ISBN: 978-1-138-03943-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-17586-7 (ebk)
Typeset in Baskerville
by Keystroke, Neville Lodge, Tettenhall, Wolverhampton
Contents
Acknowledgments vii
1 Speaking in general: Reflections on my work 1
KRUGLANSKI, A. W.
PART I
How people know 17
2 Three decades of lay epistemics: The why, how, and
who of knowledge formation 19
KRUGLANSKI, A. W., DECHESNE, M., OREHEK, E., &
PIERRO, A. (2009).
3 Motivated closing of the mind: “Seizing” and “freezing” 60
KRUGLANSKI, A. W. & WEBSTER, D. M. (1996).
4 Intuitive and deliberate judgments are based on
common principles 104
KRUGLANSKI, A. W. & GIGERENZER, G. (2011).
5 Political conservatism as motivated social cognition 129
JOST, J. T., GLASER, J., SULLOWAY, F. J., & KRUGLANSKI, A. W. (2003).
PART II
How people want 205
6 A theory of goal systems 207
KRUGLANSKI, A. W., SHAH, J. Y., FISHBACH, A., FRIEDMAN, R.,
CHUN, W. Y. & SLEETH-KEPPLER, D. (2002).
vi Contents
PART III
How people act 251
7 The rocky road from attitudes to behaviors: Charting
the goal systemic course of actions 253
KRUGLANSKI, A. W., JASKO, K., CHERNIKOVA, M., MILYAVSKY, M.,
BABUSH, M., BALDNER, C., & PIERRO, A. (2015).
8 To “do the right thing” or to “just do it”: Locomotion
and assessment as distinct self-regulatory imperatives 299
KRUGLANSKI, A. W., THOMPSON, E. P., HIGGINS, E. T., ATASH, M. N.,
PIERRO, A., SHAH, J. Y., & SPIEGEL, S. (2000).
9 To the fringe and back: Violent extremism and
the psychology of deviance 344
KRUGLANSKI, A. W., JASKO, K., CHERNIKOVA, M.,
DUGAS, M., & WEBBER, D. (2017).
Index 367
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Taylor & Francis for permission to include the following:
Kruglanski, A. W., Dechesne, M., Orehek, E., & Pierro, A. (2009). Three decades of lay
epistemics: The why, how and who of knowledge formation. European Review of Social
Psychology, 20, 146–191
I would like to thank the American Psychological Association for permission to
include the following:
Kruglanski, A. W. & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: “Seizing” and
“freezing.” Psychological Review, 103(2), 263.
Kruglanski, A. W. & Gigerenzer, G. (2011). Intuitive and deliberate judgments are based on
common principles. Psychological Review, 118, 97–109.
Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as
motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 339–375.
Kruglanski, A. W., Jasko, K., Chernikova, M., Milyavsky, M., Babush, M., Baldner, C., &
Pierro, A. (2015). The rocky road from attitudes to behaviors: Charting the goal systemic
course of actions. Psychological Review, 122, 598–620.
Kruglanski, A. W., Thompson, E. P., Higgins, E. T., Atash, M., Pierro, A., Shah, J. Y., &
Spiegel, S. (2000). To “do the right thing” or to “just do it”: locomotion and assessment
as distinct self-regulatory imperatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 793.
Kruglanski, A. W., Jasko, K., Chernikova, M., Dugas, M., Webber, D. (in press). To the
fringe and back: Violent extremism and the psychology of deviance. American Psychologist.
I would like to thank Elsevier for permission to include the following:
Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., & Sleeth-Keppler,
D. (2002). “A theory of goal systems.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 34,
pp. 331–378.

1 Speaking in general
Reflections on my work
Arie W. Kruglanski, University of Maryland
My tortuous way to social psychology:
A personal history
“Life happens when you are busy doing other things,” goes the saying. My way
into the science of psychology illustrates how this can transpire, if you aren’t
careful. Fortuitous events, kind comments of friends and strangers, life’s ups and
downs, choices made, and paths pursued all conspired to miraculously bring me
herein, looking back at already a long (and hopefully much longer) career as a
psychological researcher and theorist.
Growing up in Poland and later Israel to a family whose business was textiles, it
never entered my mind to consider a scientific career, though the seeds of my fas-
cination with science were planted in my late teens by my uncle, a botanist. It was
during my furloughs from the army (I served in the Israeli air force), while visiting
the home of my aunt Sofia (Zuza) that uncle Zem (her spouse) treated me to articles
from the Scientific American that he collected. The calm, systematic and serenely
“serious” expositions of scientific research contrasted sharply with the rough
and tumble of army life and a youth culture centered on music, entertainment, and
“having a good time,” superficially defined. It was this juxtaposition that instilled in
me the notion of the “good” and worthy life as a life of serious study resistant to the
“siren call” of the vanities to which I gladly (even if guiltily) succumbed at the time.
Fresh out of the military service and anxious to move forward, I enrolled in the
school of architecture at the University of Toronto (the city where my mother
resided). This decision was heavily influenced by aunt Zuza’s advice and her (erro-
neous, it turns out) assumption that my (alleged) talent for drawing and my good
grades at math held the promise of an illustrious architectural career. That was
not to be, alas. My limited ability to imagine things in space, and my indifference
(to say the least) to engineering details and the intricacies of construction, contrib-
uted to my “fish out of water” sense with architectural nitty gritty. What broke the
proverbial camel’s back was a summer job experience at a Toronto architectural
firm. This outfit specialized in high-rise condos, and my mission as a junior
draftsman was to draw the bathrooms for thousands of apartments. This unhappy
experience brought me to the brink of despair or nearly so; to escape the morass
I decided to cut my losses and change course sooner rather than later.