The Midwife's Labour and Birth Handbook PDF
Preview The Midwife's Labour and Birth Handbook
the midwife’s labour and birth handbook THIRD EDITION Edited by Vicky Chapman | Cathy Charles BLBK449-fm BLBK449-Chapman Printer:YettoCome December26,2012 8:48 Trim:244mm×172mm BLBK449-fm BLBK449-Chapman Printer:YettoCome December26,2012 8:48 Trim:244mm×172mm The Midwife’s Labour and Birth Handbook BLBK449-fm BLBK449-Chapman Printer:YettoCome December26,2012 8:48 Trim:244mm×172mm BLBK449-fm BLBK449-Chapman Printer:YettoCome December26,2012 8:48 Trim:244mm×172mm The Midwife’s Labour and Birth Handbook Third Edition Edited by Vicky Chapman RGN,RM(Dip),MA Cathy Charles RGN,RM,BA(Hons),BSc(Hons) A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication BLBK449-fm BLBK449-Chapman Printer:YettoCome December26,2012 8:48 Trim:244mm×172mm Thiseditionfirstpublished2013 (cid:2)C 2004and2009byBlackwellPublishing,Ltd,2013byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd Wiley-BlackwellisanimprintofJohnWiley&Sons,formedbythemergerofWiley’sglobalScientific, TechnicalandMedicalbusinesswithBlackwellPublishing,Ltd. Firstpublished2004 Secondedition2009 Thirdedition2013 Registeredoffice: JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Editorialoffices: 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK 2121StateAvenue,Ames,Iowa50014-8300,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowto applyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Therightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewith theUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or transmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingor otherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withouttheprior permissionofthepublisher. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.All brandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksor registeredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductor vendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritative informationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisher isnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceis required,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Themidwife’slabourandbirthhandbook/editedbyVickyChapman, CathyCharles.–3rded. p.;cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-470-65513-9(pbk.:alk.paper) I.Chapman,Vicky. II.Charles,Cathy. [DNLM:1.Midwifery–methods–Handbooks. 2.Labor,Obstetric–Handbooks. 3.Parturition–Handbooks. 4.PrenatalCare–Handbooks.WQ165] 618.2–dc23 2012031334 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint maynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. CoverphotobyKaliShantiPark,www.mamamatters.com CoverdesignbySteveThompson Setin9.5/12ptPalatinobyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India 1 2013 BLBK449-fm BLBK449-Chapman Printer:YettoCome December26,2012 8:48 Trim:244mm×172mm Contents Preface xiii Contributors xv 1 Labourandnormalbirth–CathyCharles 1 Introduction 1 Thebirthenvironment 3 Signsthatprecedelabour 5 Firststageoflabour 6 Secondstageoflabour 18 Pushing 20 Thebirth 22 Thirdstageoflabour 25 Afterthebirth 30 Summary 31 Usefulcontactsandinformation 32 References 32 2 Vaginalexaminationsandartificialruptureofthemembranes– VickyChapman 39 Vaginalexaminations 39 AccuracyandtimingofVEs 40 Consentorcompliance? 41 PerformingaVE 42 Somecommonproblems 45 Artificialruptureofthemembranes 47 Summary 49 References 49 3 Fetalheartratemonitoringinlabour–BryonyRead 52 Introduction 52 Intermittentauscultation 52 Electronicfetalmonitoring 54 Fetalscalpelectrode 56 Classificationoffetalheartratefeatures 56 PositiveandnegativeaspectsofEFM 59 Summary 60 References 61 Appendix:ContinuousEFMalgorithm(NICE,2007) 63 v BLBK449-fm BLBK449-Chapman Printer:YettoCome December26,2012 8:48 Trim:244mm×172mm vi Contents 4 Perinealtraumaandsuturing–VickyChapman 64 Introduction 64 Reducingperinealtrauma 65 Assessmentofperinealtrauma 66 Firstandseconddegreetears:tosutureornottosuture? 67 Suturingprocedure 69 Summary 82 Recommendedreading 82 References 82 5 Examinationofthenewbornbabyatbirth–CarolineRutter 86 Introduction 86 Themidwife’sassessmentofthebabyatbirth 87 Measurementsofthenewborn 89 VitaminKprophylaxis 90 Top-to-toecheck 91 Neonatalinfection 96 Givingupsettingnewstoparents 98 Usefulcontacts 99 References 99 6 Homebirth–JanetGwillimandCathyCharles 102 Introduction 102 Benefitsofhomebirth 103 Issuestoconsiderbeforechoosinghomebirth 104 Preparingforahomebirth 106 Careinlabour 108 Possibletransfertohospital 112 Summary 115 Usefulcontacts 115 References 115 7 Waterforlabourandbirth–CathyCharles 117 Introduction 117 Benefitsofwarmwaterimmersion 118 Possiblerisksofwarmwaterimmersion 119 Criteriaforlabouringinwater 120 Relativecontraindications 120 Preparation 121 Labourcare 123 Possibleproblems 125 Summary 127 Usefulcontacts 128 Recommendedreading 128 References 128 BLBK449-fm BLBK449-Chapman Printer:YettoCome December26,2012 8:48 Trim:244mm×172mm Contents vii 8 Malpositionsandmalpresentationsinlabour–VickyChapman 130 Introduction 130 Definitions 130 Occipitoposteriorposition 133 Facepresentation 140 Browpresentation 141 Transverselie(shoulderpresentation) 142 Summary 143 References 144 9 Slowprogressinlabour–VickyChapman 146 Introduction 146 Prolongedlabour 147 Causesofaprolongedlabour 148 Prolongedlatentphase 149 Prolongedactivefirststage 150 Prolongedsecondstage 153 Summary 155 Recommendedreading 156 References 156 10 Assistedbirth:ventouseandforceps–CathyCharles 160 Introduction 160 Avoidinganinstrumentaldelivery 161 Indicationsforaninstrumentaldelivery 161 Typesofinstrument 162 Choiceofinstrument 162 Careofawomanundergoinginstrumentaldelivery 163 Assistingataninstrumentaldelivery 166 Midwifeinstrumentaldelivery 167 Post-birthdiscussionandcare 172 Summary 174 References 174 Appendix10.1Midwifeventousepractitionerlogbookrecord 177 Appendix10.2Decisiontodeclinemidwifeventousedelivery 178 11 Caesareansection–CathyCharles 179 Introduction 179 RisksandbenefitsofCS 180 Stemmingtheflow 182 IndicationsforelectiveCS 183 TheexperienceofCS 183 ElectiveCSbirthplan 184 MidwiferycareforCS 184 Summary 189 SupportgroupsforwomenfollowingCS 190 Furtherreading 190 References 190 BLBK449-fm BLBK449-Chapman Printer:YettoCome December26,2012 8:48 Trim:244mm×172mm viii Contents 12 Vaginalbirthaftercaesareansection–VickyChapman 193 Introduction 193 Theinfluenceandopinionsofprofessionals 194 VBACorelectiveCS 194 WhatimprovesthesuccessrateinVBAC? 196 InductionoflabourforVBAC 196 MidwiferycareforVBAClabour 197 Summary 201 References 201 13 Pretermbirth–CharliseAdams 204 Introduction 204 Incidenceandfacts 205 Causesandassociatedfactorsofpretermbirth 206 Placeofdelivery 206 Pretermprelabourruptureofmembranes(PPROM) 206 Corticosteroidsforthreatenedpretermbirth 208 Tocolysisinthreatenedpretermlabour 208 Monitoringthefetalheartinpretermlabour 209 Midwiferycare 209 Modeofdelivery 210 Careimmediatelyafterbirth 211 Skin-to-skincontact 212 Resuscitation 213 Carerelatedtospecifictypesofpretermlabour 214 Postnatalcare 215 Summary 216 Usefulcontacts 217 References 217 14 Breechbirth–LesleyShuttler 220 Introduction 220 Typesofbreechpresentation 221 Women’soptionsandtheprovisionofcare 223 Concernsandpossiblecomplicationswithabreechbirth 225 Labourandbirth 226 Summary 236 Usefulcontacts 236 Recommendedreading 236 References 236 15 Twinsandhigher-orderbirths–JoCoggins 240 Introduction 240 Placeofdelivery 241 Modeofdelivery 241
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