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AAnnddrreewwss UUnniivveerrssiittyy DDiiggiittaall CCoommmmoonnss @@ AAnnddrreewwss UUnniivveerrssiittyy Dissertations Graduate Research 2011 TThhee IInnflfluueennccee aanndd UUssee ooff DDaanniieell iinn tthhee SSyynnooppttiicc GGoossppeellss Reimar Vetne Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn Vetne, Reimar, "The Influence and Use of Daniel in the Synoptic Gospels" (2011). Dissertations. 160. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/160 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses . Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE AND USE OF DANIEL IN THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS by Reimar Vetne Adviser: Jon Paulien ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE INFLUENCE AND USE OF DANIEL IN THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS Name of researcher: Reimar Vetne Name and degree of faculty adviser: Jon Paulien, Ph.D. Date completed: July 2011 Scholars have always been aware of influence from the book of Daniel in the Synoptic Gospels. Various allusions to Daniel have been discussed in numerous articles, monographs and commentaries. Now we have for the first time a comprehensive look at all the possible allusions to Daniel in one study. All the cases are discussed and given an assessment of either 'no allusion', 'uncertain allusion', 'possible allusion', 'probable allusion', or 'certain allusion'. After reviewing the most common terminology and methodology used in scholarship in the area of literary influence (ch. 1), the bulk of the cases are discussed one by one in the following chapter (ch. 2), except those dealing specifically with the 'Son of Man' (ch. 3), the Olivet Discourse (ch. 4), and the 'Kingdom of God' (ch. 5). A concluding chapter summarizes the findings and shows some specific themes where the book of Daniel has influenced the Synoptics. The result of this study is that Daniel has shaped the language and phraseology of many sayings in the Gospels to a larger degree than many of us have thought, and that a fresh understanding of the Synoptic Jesus' strategy for kingdom-building appears. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary THE INFLUENCE AND USE OF DANIEL IN THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Reimar Vetne July 2011 © Copyright by Reimar Vetne 2011 All Rights Reserved THE INFLUENCE AND USE OF DANIEL IN THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Reimar Vetne APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: Faculty Adviser, Director, PhD/ThD Program Jon Paulien Tom Shepherd Professor of Religion - Theological Studies P. Richard Choi Dean, SDA Theological Seminary Associate Professor of New Testament Denis Fortin Richard M. Davidson J.N. Andrews Professor of Old Testament Interpretation Jacques B. Doukhan Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis David L. Turner Date approved Professor of New Testament Grand Rapids Theological Seminary To my parents Øystein and Ruth For your generous moral and financial support TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter I. METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 What Literary Influence Is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Relevant Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 'The Use Of' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 'Influence' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 'Intertextuality' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Scholarship on Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Hermerén . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Tintner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Stendahl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Gundry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Paulien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The Terms I Will Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 II. GENERAL CASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 §2 Gabriel Visiting Zechariah (Luke 1:10-22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Implication of Allusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 §3 Gabriel Visiting Mary (Luke 1:26-38) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Implication of Allusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 §7 Conception of Jesus (Matt 1:18-21) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 §8 The Wise Men and Herod (Matt 2:1-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 §9/12 Keeping These Things in Her Heart (Luke 2:19, 51) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 §20 The Devil's Offer (Matt 4:8-10; Luke 4:5-8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Implication of Allusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 §32 The Time Is Fulfilled (Mark 1:15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 §35 Teaching with Authority (Matt 7:29; Mark 1:22; Luke 4:32) . . . . . . 37 §62 The Lord's Prayer (Matt 6:10-13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Implication of Allusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 §107 Least in the Kingdom (Matt 11:11; Luke 7:28) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 iv

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Scholars have always been aware of influence from the book of Daniel in the. Synoptic Gospels. Various allusions to Daniel have been discussed in
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AAnnddrreewwss UUnniivveerrssiittyy DDiiggiittaall CCoommmmoonnss @@ AAnnddrreewwss UUnniivveerrssiittyy Dissertations Graduate Research 2011 TThhee IInnflfluueennccee aanndd UUssee ooff DDaanniieell iinn tthhee SSyynnooppttiicc GGoossppeellss Reimar Vetne Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn Vetne, Reimar, "The Influence and Use of Daniel in the Synoptic Gospels" (2011). Dissertations. 160. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/160 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses . Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE AND USE OF DANIEL IN THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS by Reimar Vetne Adviser: Jon Paulien ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE INFLUENCE AND USE OF DANIEL IN THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS Name of researcher: Reimar Vetne Name and degree of faculty adviser: Jon Paulien, Ph.D. Date completed: July 2011 Scholars have always been aware of influence from the book of Daniel in the Synoptic Gospels. Various allusions to Daniel have been discussed in numerous articles, monographs and commentaries. Now we have for the first time a comprehensive look at all the possible allusions to Daniel in one study. All the cases are discussed and given an assessment of either 'no allusion', 'uncertain allusion', 'possible allusion', 'probable allusion', or 'certain allusion'. After reviewing the most common terminology and methodology used in scholarship in the area of literary influence (ch. 1), the bulk of the cases are discussed one by one in the following chapter (ch. 2), except those dealing specifically with the 'Son of Man' (ch. 3), the Olivet Discourse (ch. 4), and the 'Kingdom of God' (ch. 5). A concluding chapter summarizes the findings and shows some specific themes where the book of Daniel has influenced the Synoptics. The result of this study is that Daniel has shaped the language and phraseology of many sayings in the Gospels to a larger degree than many of us have thought, and that a fresh understanding of the Synoptic Jesus' strategy for kingdom-building appears. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary THE INFLUENCE AND USE OF DANIEL IN THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Reimar Vetne July 2011 © Copyright by Reimar Vetne 2011 All Rights Reserved THE INFLUENCE AND USE OF DANIEL IN THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Reimar Vetne APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: Faculty Adviser, Director, PhD/ThD Program Jon Paulien Tom Shepherd Professor of Religion - Theological Studies P. Richard Choi Dean, SDA Theological Seminary Associate Professor of New Testament Denis Fortin Richard M. Davidson J.N. Andrews Professor of Old Testament Interpretation Jacques B. Doukhan Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis David L. Turner Date approved Professor of New Testament Grand Rapids Theological Seminary To my parents Øystein and Ruth For your generous moral and financial support TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter I. METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 What Literary Influence Is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Relevant Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 'The Use Of' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 'Influence' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 'Intertextuality' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Scholarship on Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Hermerén . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Tintner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Stendahl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Gundry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Paulien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The Terms I Will Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 II. GENERAL CASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 §2 Gabriel Visiting Zechariah (Luke 1:10-22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Implication of Allusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 §3 Gabriel Visiting Mary (Luke 1:26-38) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Implication of Allusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 §7 Conception of Jesus (Matt 1:18-21) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 §8 The Wise Men and Herod (Matt 2:1-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 §9/12 Keeping These Things in Her Heart (Luke 2:19, 51) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 §20 The Devil's Offer (Matt 4:8-10; Luke 4:5-8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Implication of Allusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 §32 The Time Is Fulfilled (Mark 1:15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 §35 Teaching with Authority (Matt 7:29; Mark 1:22; Luke 4:32) . . . . . . 37 §62 The Lord's Prayer (Matt 6:10-13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Implication of Allusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 §107 Least in the Kingdom (Matt 11:11; Luke 7:28) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 iv

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Scholars have always been aware of influence from the book of Daniel in the. Synoptic Gospels. Various allusions to Daniel have been discussed in
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