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The Illusion of Peace: International Relations in Europe, 1918–1933 PDF

223 Pages·2003·3.468 MB·English
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Praise for this edition: ‘Sally Marks has the historical debates at her fingertips, and she writes with clarity, verve and wit. This revised edition of The Illusion of Peace draws on the research of the last quarter-century, and deserves the widest possible readership.’ – P. M. H. Bell, University of Liverpool ‘Extensive knowledge, sound historical judgment, felicitous prose, and the courage to debunk myths make Sally Marks one of the best historians of international relations of this generation. With wide vision and a keen focus on power, this second edition of The Illu- sion of Peace peers behind the illusions of interwar diplomacy to analyze the erosion of European strength in the world and of French predominance over Germany on the European continent.’ – Joel Blatt, University of Connecticut ‘I am delighted to see a second edition of The Illusion of Peace. It is an especially valuable book for teaching, since it provides a succinct and lucid overview of international relations before the rise of Hitler. It is informed by the latest scholarship and written in a style that is both accessible and witty. Sally Marks’ controversial thesis that the Germans were the only ones who knew what they wanted and were determined to get it continues to stimulate historical discussion.’ – Peter Kent, University of New Brunswick ‘This is a most welcome second edition. Sally Marks has skilfully incorporated the findings of new research into her original authoritative text, offering students clear and well-judged histori- cal explanations and a comprehensively updated bibliography. This remains the best overview of the 1920s, the years that became, but need not have been, “The Years of Illusion”.’ – Alan Sharp, University of Ulster The Making of the 20th Century Thisseries of specially commissioned titles focuses attention on significant and often controversial events and themes of world history in the twentieth century. Each book provides sufficient narrative and explanation for the newcomer to the subject while offering, for more advanced study, detailed source-references and bibliographies, together with interpretation and reassessment in the light of recent scholarship. David Armstrong, Lorna From Versailles to Maastricht: International Lloyd and John Redmond Organisation in the Twentieth Century V. R. Berghahn Germany and the Approach of War in 1914,2nd edition Raymond F. Betts France and Decolonisation, 1900–1960 John Darwin Britain and Decolonisation: The Retreat from Empire in the Post War World Sally Marks The Illusion of Peace; International Relations in Europe, 1918–1933, 2nd edition Philip Morgan Italian Fascism, 1919–1945 A. J. Nicholls, Weimar and the Rise of Hitler, 4th edition R. A. C. Parker Chamberlain and Appeasement: British Policy and the Coming of the Second World War Anita J. Prazmowska Eastern Europe and the Origins of the Second World War G. Roberts The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Second World War Alan Sharp The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking in Paris, 1919 Zara S. Steiner and Britain and the Origins of the First World Keith Neilson War, 2nd edition Samuel R. Williamson Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War R. Young France and the Origins of the Second World War The Illusion of Peace International Relations in Europe, 1918–1933 Second Edition Sally Marks © Sally Marks 2003 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her rights to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other coun- tries. ISBN 978-1-4039-0419-5 hardcover ISBN 978-0-333-98589-2 ISBN 978-0-230-62949-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-230-62949-3 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 Contents Map 1 Europe in 1914 vi Map 2 Europe in 1925 vii Map 3 Weimar Germany viii Map 4 Eastern Europe in 1925 ix 1 The Pursuit of Peace 1 2 The Effort to Enforce the Peace 29 3 The Revision of the Peace 63 4 The Years of Illusion 83 5 The Crumbling of Illusion 116 6 The End of Old Illusions 146 Chronological Table 161 Notes and References 168 Bibliography 188 Index 201 A, M g Moscow IA Black Sea nople TOMANMPIRE (Boston, St. Petersbur RUSS RUMANIABucharest GARIA Constanti OTE y, 5th edn SWEDEN Stockholm Baltic Sea BerlinWarsawY(Poland) Vienna USTRIA-HUNGARY(Istria) Belgrade(Bosnia)SarajevoASERBIAdBULriMONTE-atiSofiacNEGRO SeaALBANIAY GREECE Athens ury: A Brief Global Histor NORWAY Oslo North SeaDENMARKCopenhagenGREATBRITAINNETHERLANDSLondonAmsterdam BrusselsGERMANBELGIUM(Alsace-ParisLorraine) FRANCEBernASWITZ. (South Tyrol) Rome ITAL Mediterranean Sea Goff et al., The Twentieth Cent d) d (Irelan Madrid PAIN m Richar S o r N AL d f EA UG apte rope in 1914 ATLANTIC OC PORT Lisbon 200400 miles Europe in 1914, ad1998), p. 33. u E 1 p 0 a M n, o 400 miles CaspianSea dn (Bost e h 200 y, 5t r o st 0 Y Hi Moscow S. R. ack Sea Ankara RKE Global etersburg U. S. Bl A TU ABrief SWEDEN NORWAYHelsinkiOsloStockholmSt. PTallinnESTONIANorth SeaRigaaDENMARKeLATVIAS cGREATCopenhagenitLITHUANIAlaBBRITAINKaunasEASTDanzigPRUSSIANETHERLANDS(Ger.)LondonBerlinAmsterdamWarsawBrusselsGERMANYBELGIUMPOLANDParisPragueCZECHOSLOVAKIAFRANCEViennaBernBudapestAUSTRIASWITZ.HUNGARYRUMANIA BucharestBelgrade YUGOSLAVIABULGARIRomeSofiaALBANIAITALYTiranaGREECEMediterranean Sea Athens CA om Richard Goff et al., The Twentieth Century: 25 DublinIRISHFREESTATE EAN GALMadrid SPAIN AFRI 925, adapted frp. 144. e in 19 TIC OC PORTU Lisbon rope in 1A., 1998), op N EuM A r u L E AT p 2 a M A n, A NI o I A st N Y M o UA ST BNY D RU n (B LITH Königsberg EASTRUSSIA AREAS LOGERMA Warsaw POLAN IA NGARYudapest esent, 3rd ed P K UB Pr DANZIGFSREE TATE Y SLOVA H 914 to the 1 O a N H a me: Baltic Se A Prague CZEC Vienn TRIA in Our Ti hagen AUS urope Copen M Berlin SED mberg Munich Ergang, E RK R LITARIZONE Nure obert A MI R DENM E n DE nzFrankfurt SAARBASIN TZ. ed from G Esse ologne Coble Mainz SWI adapt mar Germany North Sea Amsterdam NETHERLANDS Brussels BELGIUMC LUX. LORRAINE S LOST BYRMANYECASLACE Weimar Germany, MA, 1958), p. 122. Wei Lille Paris AREAGE FRAN ap 3 M Eastern Europe 0 400 miles in 1925 Formerly part of: Austro-Hungarian Empire Bulgaria FINLAND R German Empire Ottoman Empire U Russian Empire ESTONIA S LATVIA The Corridor LITH. EAST PRUSSIA S GERMANY Upper Silesia POLAND I CZECHOSLOVAKIA Bessarabia A SWITZ. AUSTRIA Transylvania HUNGARY Istria ROMANIA Trieste Fiume YUGOSLAVIA Black Sea Dobruja ITALY BULGARIA ALBANIA T U R K E Y GREECE Mediterranean Sea Map 4 Eastern Europe in 1925, adapted from Eugene N. Anderson, Modern Europe in World Perspective: 1914 to the Present (New York, 1941), p. 243.

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