The Ideal of the Practical Colombia's Struggle to Form a Technical Elite THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Latin American Sponsored by the Institute Monographs, No. 39 of Latin American Studies The University of Texas at Austin THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Frank The Ideal of Safford the Practical Colombia's Struggle to Form a Technical Elite University of Texas Press Austin Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Safford, Frank, 1935- The ideal of the practical. (Latin American monographs; no. 39) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Technical education—Colombia—History. 2. Colombia—Economic conditions. I. Title. II. Series. T95.S2 607'.861 75-16072 ISBN 0-292-73803-X Copyright © 1976 by Frank Safford All rights reserved With Joan, for my parents THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Contents Preface xiii Conventions Followed xvii Introduction 3 Part One. Colombia: Its Geography and Society 19 1. Opportunities and Incentives 21 Part Two. Moral and Industrial Education 47 2. Learning to Work 49 Part Three. Academic Science for the Upper Class: Bourbons and Neo-Bourbons 81 3. The Enlightenment in New Granada 85 4. The Neo-Bourbons, 1821-1845 99 5. The Decline of Neo-Bourbonism 124 Part Four. The Origins of a Colombian Engineering Profession 141 6. Study Abroad 147 7. The Colegio Militar 166 8. Stumbling Progress, 1863-1903 185 9. A Place for Engineers 209 Epilogue 227 Appendixes 243 1. Prominent Public Figures Who Promoted Technical Education, 1821-1864 244