The History of Cartography. Volume 3. Book 1. Cartography in the European Renaissance PDF
Preview The History of Cartography. Volume 3. Book 1. Cartography in the European Renaissance
T H E H I S T O RY O F C A RT O G R A P H Y V O L U M E T H R E E V o l u m e T h r e e E d i t o r i a l A d v i s o r s Denis E. Cosgrove Richard Helgerson Catherine Delano-Smith Christian Jacob Felipe Fernández-Armesto Richard L. Kagan Paula Findlen Martin Kemp Patrick Gautier Dalché Chandra Mukerji Anthony Grafton Günter Schilder Stephen Greenblatt Sarah Tyacke Glyndwr Williams T h e H i s t o r y o f C a r t o g r a p h y J. B. Harley and David Woodward, Founding Editors 1 Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean 2.1 Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies 2.2 Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies 2.3 Cartography in the Traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian, and Pacific Societies 3 Cartography in the European Renaissance 4 Cartography in the European Enlightenment 5 Cartography in the Nineteenth Century 6 Cartography in the Twentieth Century T H E H I S T O RY O F C A RT O G R A P H Y V O L U M E T H R E E Cartography in the European Renaissance P A R T 1 Edited by DAVID WOODWARD THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS • CHICAGO & LONDON David Woodward was the Arthur H. Robinson Professor Emeritus of Geography at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2007 by the University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2007 Printed in the United States of America 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 1 2 3 4 5 Set ISBN-10: 0-226-90732-5 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-90732-1 (cloth) Part 1 ISBN-10: 0-226-90733-3 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-90733-8 (cloth) Part 2 ISBN-10: 0-226-90734-1 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-90734-5 (cloth) Editorial work on The History of Cartographyis supported in part by grants from the Division of Preservation and Access of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Geography and Regional Science Program and Science and Society Program of the National Science Foundation, independent federal agencies. For a complete list of financial supporters, see pages vii–x of part1. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (Application has been made for CIP data from the Library of Congress.) Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in The History of Cartographyare those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agencies that provided financial support. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences– Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1992. Financial Support Federal Agencies Division of Preservation and Access of the National Endowment for the Humanities Geography and Regional Science Program and Science and Society Program of the National Science Foundation Foundations and Institutions Balzekas Family Foundation, Ltd. The Muriel and Norman B. Leventhal Family The Barra Foundation Foundation, Inc.‡ Biblioteka Uniwersytecka, Wrociaw The Rand McNally Foundation The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Andrew W. Mellon Foundation The Diebold Foundation Jack Ringer Family Foundation The Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation Salus Mundi Foundation Geography Knowledge Fund in the Idaho Community Dorothy, Louis, Susan, and Richard Sigel Family Fund Foundation The Hermon Dunlap Smith Center for the History Ironwood Foundation of Cartography, The Newberry Library Organizations and Corporations 1000 Friends of Wisconsin‡ Christopher Columbus Museum Philadelphia Print Shop Richard B. Arkway, Inc., and Cohen Coventry Village of Wisconsin Limited The Rocky Mountain Map Society and Taliaferro, LLC Partnership* Sarah Slobin and staff of the New York Association of Canadian Map Libraries ESRI Times Graphics and Maps and Archives Het Fluitschip/Vermeulen, A. C. J. Department‡ Aster Publishing Corporation Map Society of Wisconsin Society for the History of Discoveries‡ Boston Map Society, Harvard Map Martayan, Lan, Augustyn, Inc. Voyageurs‡ Collection Mercator Society of the Research Western Association of Map Libraries California Map Society Libraries, The New York Public The Wisconsin Calligraphers’ Guild‡ Jo Ann and Richard Casten, Ltd. Library Chicago Map Society The New York Map Society Matching gifts from Amoco Foundation, Inc. Cray Research, Inc. The Bank of America Charitable Foundation, Inc. General Motors Foundation Becton Dickson Foundation IBM Capital Group, Inc. The New York Times Foundation, Inc. Sponsors Roger S. and Julie Z. Baskes Arthur L. Kelly Mr.and Mrs.Kenneth Nebenzahl‡ William B. Ginsberg Bernard Lisker David Rumsey Arthur and Janet Holzheimer Glen McLaughlin John Taylor Founders W. Graham Arader III Duane F. Marble Rudy L. Ruggles, Jr. Rand and Patricia Burnette, Douglas W. Marshall Rodney W. Shirley in memory of Helen Wallis‡ Thomas McCulloch William S. Swinford Joseph H. and Monica G. Fitzgerald Erhan Oner Clark L. Taber Warren Heckrotte George Parker‡ Albert R. Vogeler Robert A. Highbarger Brian D. Quintenz Benefactors Roger Arentzen Mary H. Galneder‡* William S. Reese R. K. B. J. Scott Hamilton Walter Ristow James Eugene Bryant Teri Jaeger Arthur H. Robinson‡ Barbara E. Butler Gari Ledyard Thomas F. Sander Mr.and Mrs.Kenneth A. Chambers Andrew J. LeRoy Constantine B. Scarvelis Alan G. Cheek Jon M. Leverenz‡ Joseph and Françoise Shein Tom and Verena Conley Judith and Scott Loomer‡ Jeanne K. Snyder, in memory of John P. W. N. Davis, Jr. Barry L. MacLean Snyder‡* Mary Lynn H. Dickson George F. McCleary, Jr. Alex Tait Muriel H. Dury Barbara Backus McCorkle Norman J. W. Thrower Clinton R. Edwards Harold Moellering Edward R. Tufte Ralph and Tess Ehrenberg Elaine and Jerome Nerenberg Sarah Tyacke‡ Peter Enggass Dr. Harold L. Osher Richard Umansky Edward Espenshade‡* Theodore W. Palmer Ann Harwell Wells Robert L. Fisher Mary Sponberg Pedley‡ Eric W. Wolf Gerald F. Fitzgerald R. Michael Peterson Clifford H. and Alberta A. Wood‡ John W. Galiardo Jonathan Potter Rosalind Woodward‡ Patrons Dr. Cyrus Ala’i Norman Fiering‡ Evelyn Lincoln‡ Michele Aldrich Richard and Dorothy Fitch, in memory John and Sally Long Jonathan J. G. Alexander of Robert Ross Jack Lowell Sylvia Alexander and Allen D. Bushong Theodore N. Foss and Kent S. Dymak Curtis A. Manchester III Stanley K. and Patricia L. Arnett II Loretta Freiling‡ Paul C. Marengo and Joan P. Simmons Mrs.Gwendolyn R. Barckley Dr. Gregory J. Gajda T. K. McClintock Frederick U. Baron–High Ridge Jenkins Garrett Marianne M. McKee Books, Inc. Prof. John H. Geerken Allen H. Meyer Christopher and Barbara Baruth Fred J. Goldsmith Carmen and Jack Miller Thomas and Linda Beall Linda Grable-Curtis P. J. Mode Dr. Sanford H. Bederman Dr. and Mrs.Robert W. Graebner Mark Monmonier‡ Judith F. Bell Suzanne Graham, M.D. Harry and Geraldine Montgomery Nikhil and Arun Xie Bhattasali Sara S. Gronim Joel and Beverly Morrison Aníbal A. Biglieri John M. Gubbins, F.R.G.S. Victoria M. Morse and Bill North Carlo Luigi Brambilla Bob Gurda‡ Mary Murphy Christian Brannstrom and Wendy E. Brad Hanson Curt Musselman‡ Jepson John Hawkins In memory of Oscar I. Norwich Stephen A. Bromberg Francis Heller Braham Norwick William H. Browder, Jr. Guntram Herb and Patricia LeBon-Herb Judy M. Olson‡ Wesley and Linda Brown Francis Herbert Vincent Osier John G. L. Cabot Philip Hoehn Frank T. Padberg, Jr. John Cloud Tracy L. Honn and Mark Bernstein‡ Dick de Pagter Harold C. Conklin Bangbo Hu Miklos Pinther Jeremy Crampton Murray Hudson Kiky Polites Robert Dahl Fuad Issa Jeremy Pool Gerald A. Danzer Bert and Mary Lee Johnson‡ Peter and Bernice Porrazzo Catherine Delano-Smith Constance Jordan Brian Prodin Louis DeVorsey‡ Richard L. Kagan Francesco Prontera John W. Docktor Chris Karcher Paula Rebert and Philip Melnick Gary S. Dunbar James T. Kirk M. Reilly and B. K. Schnee Evelyn Edson‡ Anne and Larry Knowles‡ Dennis and Judy Reinhartz Tom Edwards Valerie Krejcie* Charles D. Reynolds Clark Eide John G. Krisilas Steve Ritchie Johan W. Eliot, M.D. G. Malcolm Lewis George and Mary Ritzlin‡ Pierre L. Sales Frank K. Spain Rainer Vollmar Gwen Schultz Bruce N. Spring Larry A. Vos Joseph E. Schwartzberg David and Deirdre Stam James Walker, M.D. Marsha L. Selmer Muriel Strickland Pauline Moffitt Watts Sinclair A. Sheers Julie K. Sweetkind-Singer Scott D. Westrem Robert B. Shilkret Richard Talbert Barbara Whalen‡ Robert Silberman Fraser and Monica Taylor Ronald Whistance-Smith Susan D. Slaughter Richard F. Thomas Kathleen M. Woodward‡ Neil Smith J. Thomas Touchton Cordell D. K. Yee and Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Dava Sobel Friends Arshes Anasal Kenneth E. Hill Thomas Ports James Axtell Marianne Hinckle George S. Read Constance A. and David E. Beam‡ Steve Horowitz Penny Richards and Peter Turley‡ Soma Golden Behr‡ Alice C. Hudson Philip L. Richardson Karen Beidel and Greg Carbone Elton R. Kerr Leonard and Juliet Rothman John Bennet and Deborah K. Harlan A. Jon and R. Ann Kimerling* Curtis L. Roy David Bosse Christopher and Margaret Kleinhenz‡ Paul H. Saenger‡ Orin D. Brustad Richard and Jane Knowles‡ Donald Schnabel D. Graham Burnett Josef W. Konvitz Peter L. Siems Charles A. Burroughs George Leonard and Susan Hanes William F. Spengler Edward (Joe) Carrington Leonard David and Ingrid Stallé Martin M. Cassidy Dee Longenbaugh Richard W. Stephenson Gary Chappell Michael M. Ludeman Robert W. Stocker II Ms. Barbara M. Christy Jane C. and Louis J. Maher Jr.‡ Thomas, Ahngsana, and Sainatee Suarez Brock R. Covington Dr. Donald S. Marshall Helen Hornbeck Tanner Richard Dittman Mark Mattison G. T. Tanselle Robert H. Dott‡ Vincent G. Mazzucchelli John and Anne C. Tedeschi Bruce Fetter Gregory C. McIntosh Jerry Thornton Allen N. Fitchen William A. McKinstry Carol Urness Warren W. Furth Judith L. Meyer and Robert T. David G. Utley Albert Ganado Pavlowsky‡ Richard C. Veit and Yolanda Theunissen William G. Gartner Richard and Pat Moll* Steven James Vogel John B. Garver Nobuo Nagai Herbert M. Vogler, M.D. Mason P. Goldman Donald J. Orth Stephen J. Walsh Thomas D. Goodrich In memory of George Parker Bruce A. Warren Ronald E. Grim Samuel T. Perkins W. Ken Westray Stanley and Nancy Haack‡ Beverly A. Poling David B. Wolf John H. Harwood II Joseph Poracsky John A. Wolter Additional support from Jonathan G. Andelson Alan K. Brown Trudi J. and Jack E. Eblen* Randy Anders Daniel Brownstein Grant E. Gauger Diane Warne Anderson Mead Cain Linda Graff Judith L. and Gary L. Bakke, David Callahan and Roberto Muzzetta‡ Robert Grummer‡ in memory of Janet Washa R. Wayne and Donna K. Callahan‡ Isidro Guzman, Jr. J. Bartholomew C. W. Carson Joan H. Hall‡ Phil Barton Bill Cronan and Nan Fey‡ John E. Hansen‡ Mary Beth Beal David and Audrey Dean* John B. Hattendorf Jeffery Bernard In memory of Michael Dulka and Kenneth Heim‡ Henry S. Bieniecki Nancy Vick Edstrom Jane C. Hutchinson‡ John Boyer Sally Eberhardt and Graham McPhee‡ Ms.Barbara Jenkin‡
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