Lerner Lamb Freund The Handbook of L i Life-Span f e - ST ph e a Development nH a D n d e b v o e o l k o po f m Social and Emotional Volume 2 e n Development t Volume 2 Volume Editors Social and Michael E. Lamb Emotional Alexandra M. Freund Development Editor-in-Chief Richard M. Lerner ISBN 978-0-470-39012-2 (Volume 2) ISBN 978-0-470-39013-9 (2-Volume Set) Everything marked PMS 613 (Gold) stamps “S24 Gold “ Everything marked PMS 430 (silver) stamps “S5 Silver “ Bkgnd = Kivar 7, linenweave, Leaf Green JJWWBBTT228888--SSuubb__IInnddeexx..iinndddd 775500 66//2233//1100 44::3344::3311 AAMM THE HANDBOOK OF LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT: SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 2 JJWWBBTT228888__FFMM..iinndddd ii 66//2233//1100 1111::3300::0033 PPMM JJWWBBTT228888__FFMM..iinndddd iiii 66//2233//1100 1111::3300::0033 PPMM THE HANDBOOK OF LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT: SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 2 Volume Editors MICHAEL LAMB UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE ALEXANDRA FREUND UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH Editor-in-Chief RICHARD M. LERNER TUFTS UNIVERSITY John Wiley & Sons, Inc. JJWWBBTT228888__FFMM..iinndddd iiiiii 66//2233//1100 1111::3300::0033 PPMM This book is printed on acid-free paper. o Copyright © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: The handbook of life-span development / editor-in-chief, Richard M. Lerner. p. cm. Includes author and subject indexes. ISBN 978-0-470-39011-5 (v. 1 : cloth); ISBN 978-0-470-39012-2 (v. 2 : cloth); ISBN 978-0-470-39013-9 (set : cloth); 978-0-470-63433-2 (ebk); 978-0-470-63434-9 (ebk); 978-0-470-63435-6 (ebk) 1. Developmental psychology. 2. Maturation (Psychology) 3. Aging–Psychological aspects. I. Lerner, Richard M. BF713.H3648 2010 155–dc22 2009049300 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 JJWWBBTT228888__FFMM..iinndddd iivv 66//2233//1100 1111::3300::0033 PPMM Contents VOLUME 2: Social and Emotional Development Preface viii Richard M. Lerner Tufts University Contributors xvii ⏐ 1 Introduction: Social and Emotional Development across the Life Span 1 Alexandra M. Freund University of Zurich Michael E. Lamb University of Cambridge ⏐ 2 Neurobiological Bases of Social Behavior across the Life Span 9 Stephen W. Porges University of Illinois at Chicago C. Sue Carter University of Illinois at Chicago ⏐ 3 The Development of Emotion Regulation: A Neuropsychological Perspective 51 Marc D. Lewis University of Toronto Rebecca Todd University of Toronto Xiaowen Xu University of Toronto ⏐ 4 Dynamic Integration of Emotion and Cognition: Equilibrium Regulation in Development and Aging 79 Gisela Labouvie-Vief University of Geneva Daniel Grühn North Carolina State University Joseph Studer University of Geneva v JJWWBBTT228888__FFMM..iinndddd vv 66//2233//1100 1111::3300::0044 PPMM vi Contents ⏐ 5 Self-Regulation across the Life Span 116 G. John Geldhof University of Kansas Todd D. Little University of Kansas John Colombo University of Kansas ⏐ 6 Self and Identity across the Life Span 158 Dan P. McAdams Northwestern University Keith S. Cox Northwestern University ⏐ 7 Temperament and Personality through the Life Span 208 John E. Bates Indiana University Alice C. Schermerhorn Indiana University Jackson A. Goodnight Indiana University ⏐ 8 Life-Span Perspectives on Positive Personality Development in Adulthood and Old Age 254 Ursula M. Staudinger Jacobs University Bremen Catherine E. Bowen Jacobs University Bremen ⏐ 9 Coping across the Life Span 298 Carolyn M. Aldwin Oregon State University Loriena A. Yancura University of Hawai’i, Manoa Daria K. Boeninger Arizona State University ⏐ 10 Gendered Behavior across the Life Span 341 Melissa Hines University of Cambridge ⏐ 11 Intimate Relationships across the Life Span 379 Lisa M. Diamond University of Utah Christopher P. Fagundes University of Utah Molly R. Butterworth University of Utah JJWWBBTT228888__FFMM..iinndddd vvii 66//2233//1100 1111::3300::0044 PPMM Contents vii ⏐ 12 Convoys of Social Relations: Integrating Life-Span and Life-Course Perspectives 434 Toni C. Antonucci University of Michigan Katherine L. Fiori Adelphi University Kira Birditt University of Michigan Lisa M. H. Jackey University of Michigan ⏐ 13 Achievement Motives and Goals: A Developmental Analysis 474 Andrew J. Elliot University of Rochester David E. Conroy The Pennsylvania State University Kenneth E. Barron James Madison University Kou Murayama Tokyo Institute of Technology ⏐ 14 Developmental Psychopathology 511 Dante Cicchetti University of Minnesota ⏐ 15 Developing Civic Engagement within a Civic Context 590 Jonathan F. Zaff America’s Promise Alliance Daniel Hart Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Constance A. Flanagan The Pennsylvania State University James Youniss Catholic University of America Peter Levine Tufts University ⏐ 16 Religious and Spiritual Development across the Life Span: A Behavioral and Social Science Perspective 631 W. George Scarlett Tufts University Amy Eva Alberts Warren Tufts University Author Index 683 Subject Index 722 JJWWBBTT228888__FFMM..iinndddd vviiii 66//2233//1100 1111::3300::0044 PPMM Preface Until the early 1960s, the fi eld of human development 2006). These models consider all levels of organization— was dominated by either descriptions of the behavioral or from the inner biological through the physical ecological, psychological phenomena presumptively unfolding as a cultural, and historical—as involved in mutually infl uen- consequence of genetically controlled timetables of mat- tial relationships across the breadth of the entire life course urational change (e.g., see the chapters by Hess and by (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006; Riegel, 1975, 1976). McClearn in the third edition of the Handbook of Child Variations in time and place constitute vital sources of sys- Psychology; Mussen, 1970) or by descriptions of the be- tematic changes across ontogeny—even into the 10th and haviors presumptively elicited in response to stimulation 11th decades of life—and, as such, human life is variegated encountered over the course of early life experiences (e.g., and characterized by intraindividual change and interindi- see the chapters by Stevenson or by White in the same edi- vidual differences (Baltes, Lindenberger, & Staudinger, tion of the Handbook). Framed within a Cartesian dualism 2006; Elder, Modell, & Parke, 1993). Accordingly, because that split nature from nurture (Overton, 2006), develop- ontogenetic change is embodied in its relation to time and mental science focused in the main on the generic human place (Overton, 2006), contemporary developmental sci- being (Emmerich, 1968) and on the earliest years of life ence regards the temporality represented by historical or, at most, the years surrounding the stages of pubertal changes as imbued in all levels of organization, as coacting change. These periods were regarded as the portions of integratively, and as providing a potential for this system- ontogeny in which the fundamental processes of human atic change—for plasticity—across the life span. development emerged and functioned to shape the subse- In short, as a consequence of the relational coactions quent course of human life (Brim & Kagan, 1980). of changes at levels of organization ranging from the Today, the study of development has evolved from a biological and the psychological and behavioral to the fi eld embedded within the domain of developmental psy- sociocultural, designed and natural physical ecological, chology to an area of scholarship labeled developmental and through the historical (see Gottlieb, 1997; Overton, science (Bornstein & Lamb, 2005, 2010; Magnusson & 2006), processes of development are viewed in contem- Stattin, 1998, 2006). Substantively, developmental science porary developmental science through a theoretical and is a fi eld that conceptualizes the entire span of human life empirical lens that extends the study of change across the as potentially involving developmental change. The pos- human ontogenetic span and, as well, through generational sibility of developmental change across life exists because and historical time (Elder, 1998; Elder et al., 1993). The the basic process of development is seen as involving variations in the actions of individuals on their contexts and mutually infl uential relations between an active organism contexts on individuals integratively propel and texture the and a changing, multilevel ecology, a relation represented course of life (Baltes, Freund, & Li, 2005; Brandtstädter, as individual ↔ context relations (Lerner, 2006). These 2006; Freund & Baltes, 2000 Freund, Li, & Baltes, 1999). relations provide the fundamental impetus to systematic As a result, the breadth of the life span and all levels of or- and successive changes across the life span (Brandtstädter, ganization within the ecology of human development must 1998; Overton, 1973, 2003; Lerner, 2006). be considered to fully describe, explain, and optimize the Thus, the contemporary study of human development course of intraindividual change and of interindividual dif- involves placing postmodern, relational models at the ferences in such change (Baltes et al., 2006; Baltes, Reese, cutting edge of theoretical and empirical interest (Overton, & Nesselroade, 1977). viii JJWWBBTT228888__FFMM..iinndddd vviiiiii 66//2233//1100 1111::3300::0044 PPMM