The food of Australian birds. Volume 1, Non-Passerines PDF
Preview The food of Australian birds. Volume 1, Non-Passerines
1 Non-Passerines J. R. D. Barker1 and W. M. Vestjens2 • 1 CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology, P.O. Box 84, Lyneham, AC.T. 2602, Australia C S I RO 2 Deceased, 7 August 1979. AUSTRALIA National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry Barker, R.D. (Robin Dale), 1940- The food of Australian birds. I, Non-Passerines. Bibliography. ISBN 0 643 05007 8. ISBN 0 643 05006 X (set). 1. Birds -Australia -Food. I. Vestjens, W.J.M. (Wilhebnus Jacobus Maria), 1927-1979. II. CSIRO. m. Division of Wildlife and Ecology. Title. IV. Title: Non-Passerines. 598.2994 Printed by Parchment Press Pty lld Melbourne ESS/PAS 5/89 3CO Abstract Stomach contents are listed for Australian non-passerine birds collected from 1963 to 1980, together with results of a search ofj ournals and other literature to the same date. Introduction During the 1960s and 1970s the Division of Wildlife Research (as it then was) studied the ecology of many populations of birds. As well, people working on other studies would often bring to the Division bodies of birds killed by various means (for example those killed by a predator but not eaten and those struck by a passing car). The skins of these birds were lodged with the Australian National Wildlife Collection or, if too damaged externally, only the skeleton was retained for the avian osteological collection of the ANWC. Food material found in the oesophagus, crop or gizzard (collectively referred to here as "stomach contents") was recorded. Methods The contents of each bird's stomach was sorted and identified. RB identified plants, WJMV the invertebrates, G.P' van Tets the bird remains and J.H. Calaby identified the mammal remains. Specialist taxonomists were consulted when necessary. The food items were noted on cards for each bird. The avian literature was searched for notes on bird food. Feeding records were evaluated and only those which analysed gut contents, or specifically noted a bird eating a food item, were included. Statements such as "the galah was feeding in a turpentine bush" or "galahs are attracted to flowering turpetine bushes" do not indicate what the bird was eating and are thus not included. The diet given here records only what that bird eats in Australia (for example not what Latham's Snipe may eat in Japan). The food items noted in the literature were combined with those on the cards to describe the food of each species of bird, which are listed in the sequence adopted by the RAOU (1978). Bird generic and specific names are those used in Schodde and Tidemann (1986). The food items have been listed as follows: Plants: Acotyledons Monocotyledons Families alphabetically. Dicotyledons Families alphabetically. Genera and species listed alphabetically. Animals: Listed in taxonomic order to family. Genera and species listed alphabetically. The taxonomy used follows that of the authorities in the list' of General References. Each food item has been identified as specifically as possible and, where it is extracted from the literature, a numbered reference is appended. The notation "COLL" refers to a food identified from a bird brought to the Division and not published elsewhere. The abbreviations "A", "L" and "J" refer respectively to adults, larvae and juveniles. Acknowledgements We thank those people who supplied specimens for food analysis, Corrie Vestjens for help in sorting diet cards. Kate Ransley for help with the t)'lling and to the specialists and taxonomists who identified our mysteries. A debt of gratitude is owed to J.H. Calaby for critically reading the manuscript. General References Boland, D.1., MJ.H. Brooker, G.M. Chippendale, N. HaU, B.P.M. Hyland, R.D. Johnston, D.A Klcinig & J.D. Turner (1984). Forest Trees ofA ustralia. Nelwn. CSIRO, Melbourne. Chippendale, G.M. (1973). Eucalypts afthe West Australiangoldfie!ds (and the adjacent wheat belt). Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. Cogger, H.G. (1975). Reptiles and amphibians ofA ustralia. AH. & A.W. Reed, Sydney. C.S.LRO. (1970). The Insects ofA ustralia. Melbourne University Press, Melbollfne. C.S.LR.O. (1973). Scientific and Common Names of Imerts and Allied Forms Occurring in Australia. C.S.IR.O. Bulletin No. 287. Cunningham, G.M., W.E. Mulharn, P.L. Milthorpe & J.H. Leigh (19Rl). Plants of Western New South Wales. New South Wales Government Printer, Sydney. Flora ofA ustralia. (1981-85). Volumes 1, 4, 8, 22, 25, 29, 46. Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra. Grant, E.M. (1972). Guide 10 Fishes. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Queensland. Hartley, W. (1979). A Checklist of Economic Plants in Australia. CSIRO, Melbourne. Jacobs, S.W.L. & J. Pickard (1981). Plants of New South Wales. Government Printer, Sydney. McDowall, RM. cd. (1980). Freshwater fishes of south-east em Australia. AH. & AW. Reed, Sydney. Macoboy, S. (1979). rt'ltal tree is that? Ure Smith, Sydney. KAO.V. (1978). Recommended English names for Australian birds. Emu, 77, 247-307. Schodde, R & Tidemann, S.c. (1986). Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds. Reader's Digest Services Pty Ltd, Sydney. Scott, T.D., Glover, C.J.M. & RV. Southcott (1974). The marine and freshwater fishes of South Australia. Government Printer, Adelaide. Thomson, J.M. (1978). A field Guide to lill! Common Sea and Estuary Fishes of Non· tropical Australia. Collins, Sydney. Williams, W.D. (1968). Australian Freshwater Life. Sun Books, Melbourne. This page intentionally left blank 1.1 Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu Plant material herbage 167,393,637 seeds 167,375,393 fruit 393,637 Marsileaceae Marsilea drnmmondii leaves 34,655 Podocarpaceae Podocmpus drounyialla fruit 690 Zamiaceae Macrozal1lia sp. seed 95 Monocotyledons Dioscoraceae Dioscorea hastifolia 393 Liliaceae Acallthocarpus preissii 393 Bulbine semibarbata 471 Ecdeiodolea monostachya 393 Poaceae grasses 147 A vena sativa 393 Brol1lUS l1ladritensis 393 Hordeum hystrix 393 Secale cereale 393 Tliticwn aestivwn seed 392,393,471 Vlllpia brol1loides 393 Vulpia l1lyuros 393 Restionaceae Loxocarya flexuosa 393 Xanthorrhoeaceae XalltllOrrhoea sp. scapes 510 Dicotyledons Asteraceae Asteraceae 393 Arctotheca calendula 393 Hypoc/zaeris glabra 393 Senecio gregOlii flowers 375 Brassicaceae CapseUa bursapastoris sceds 375 Lepidiul1l fasciculata seeds 375 Lepidiul1l ?rotulldw1l seeds 375 Raphanus raphallastnml 393 Stellopetalw71 line are seeds 375 Cactaceae Oplllitia sp. prickly pear 120, 239 Caryophyllaceae Kohlrallschia prolifera 393 Casuarinaceae Casllarilla sp. 393 Caesalpinaceac Cassia sp. seeds 167 Chenopodiaceae Atriplex semibaccata fruits 471 7 Rhagodia sp. fruits 471 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus reliculala fruits 510 Epacridaceae Epacridaceae 375,393 Astroloma conostephioides 280 Astroloma sp. 393 Leucapogon parviflorns 375 Fabaceae Daviesia sp. 393 lacksonia floribullda 393 lacksollia sp. 393 Medicago sp. burrs/leaves 393,471 Goodeniaceae Goodenia sp. seed 375 Scaevola sp. 393 Loranthaceae mistletoe fruit 34 Meliaceae OwelZia acidula 117 Mimosaceae Acacia aneura seed 167 Myoporaceae Eremophila longifolia seed 693 Eremophila sp. seed 375 Myoponlm insulare seed 375 Myopornm longistyla fruit 693 Myopornl1l sp. fruit 393, 34, COLL Myrtaceae Calythrix sp. 393 Olacaceae Olax uligillosus 393 Phytolaccaceae Gyrostel1lol1 ral1lulosus 393 Tersonia sp. 393 Polygonaceae Rumex australis 393 Muehlellbeckia cWlIlillgliamii leaves 655 Proteaceae Grevillea annulifera 393 Grevillea sp. seed 287,393 H akea multilineata capsules 375 Isopogon sp. 393 Petrophila shuttleworthi; 393 Rosaceae Parinari nonda fruit 637 Rosa rnbiginosa leaf and shoots 177 Santalaceae Santalum lanceolatum fruit 120, 167 Santalllln sp. 393 Solanaceae Solanum esuriale fruit 471,655 Zygophyllaceae Nilraria billardieri fruit 471,472,473 Animal material Arthropoda Insecta insects 147,393 8 Orthoptera grasshoppers 147,167,393 crickets 147 Coleoptera Coccinellidae ladybirds 393 Lepidoptera caterpillars 166,375 soldier caterpillar 404 Neocleptia punctilijera saltbush caterpillar 375 Agrotis spina Bogong moth larvae 375 Heliothis obsoleta cotton-boll moth 375 Hymenoptera Formicidae ants 393 1.2 Dromaius minor Dwarf Emu Plant Material berries 456,649 Algae seaweeds 456,649 Monocotyledons Poaceae grasses 456,649 Dicotyledons Aizoaceae "ficoids" 456,649 9
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