The Fifth French Republic (European History in Perspective) PDF
Preview The Fifth French Republic (European History in Perspective)
The Fifth French Republic Nicholas Atkin The Fifth French Republic European History in Perspective General Editor: Jeremy Black Benjamin Arnold Medieval Germany Ronald Asch The Thirty Years’ War Nigel Aston The French Revolution, 1789–1804 Nicholas Atkin The Fifth French Republic Christopher Bartlett Peace, War and the European Powers, 1814–1914 Robert Bireley The Refashioning of Catholicism, 1450–1700 Donna Bohanan Crown and Nobility in Early Modern France Arden Bucholz Moltke and the German Wars, 1864–1871 Patricia Clavin The Great Depression, 1929–1939 Paula Sutter Fichtner The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490–1848 Mark Galeotti Gorbachev and his Revolution David Gates Warfare in the Nineteenth Century Alexander Grab Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe Martin P. Johnson The Dreyfus Affair Paul Douglas Lockhart Sweden in the Seventeenth Century Graeme Murdock Beyond Calvin Peter Musgrave The Early Modern European Economy J. L. Price The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century A. W. Purdue The Second World War Christopher Read The Making and Breaking of the Soviet System Francisco J. Romero-Salvado Twentieth-Century Spain Matthew S. Seligmann and Roderick R. McLean Germany from Reich to Republic, 1871–1918 Brendan Simms The Struggle for Mastery in Germany, 1779–1850 David Sturdy Louis XIV David J. Sturdy Richelieu and Mazarin Hunt Tooley The Western Front Peter Waldron The End of Imperial Russia, 1855–1917 Peter G. Wallace The Long European Reformation James D. White Lenin Patrick Williams Philip II Peter H. Wilson From Reich to Revolution European History in Perspective Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–65056–5 hardcover ISBN 0–333–65057–3 paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in the case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Palgrave Ltd Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England The Fifth French Republic NICHOLAS ATKIN © Nicholas Atkin 2005 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2005 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 0–333–65056–5 hardback ISBN 0–333–65057–3 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 Printed in China To Claire This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations x Introduction 1 Chapter 1: La Coagulation: The Fourth Republic, 1946–58 The Workings of the Fourth Republic 10 The Republic Overseas 20 De Gaulle 30 The Investiture 34 Conclusion: La Mal Aimée 36 Chapter 2: La Crise: The Founding of the Fifth Republic, 1958–62 Constitution-Making 38 Algeria 42 The Après-Guerre: De Gaulle on the Attack 55 Conclusion: The Gaullian Achievement 58 Chapter 3: La Consolidation: De Gaulle’s Republic, 1963–67 The Politics of Gaullism: A Republican Monarchy? 60 Towards a Two-Party System 66 The Trente Glorieuses: Winners and Losers 71 vii viii CONTENTS The Politics of Grandeur 85 Conclusion: Worrying Portents 92 Chapter 4: Le Contestation: 1968 The Student Protest 96 The Social Crisis 104 The Political Response 106 1968: A Balance Sheet 111 Conclusion: Durability 115 Chapter 5: La Confiance: Pompidou to Giscard, 1969–1981 Pompidou: Legitimation and Disintegration 117 Giscard d’Estaing: From Liberalism to Monarchism, 1974–1981 123 The Recovery of the Left 135 Conclusion: Towards Victory 140 Chapter 6: Le Caméléon: The Mitterrand Presidencies, 1981–1995 The First Septennat 143 The Second Septennat 153 France Confronts its Past 156 Race and the Far Right 163 France and Europe 172 Conclusion: The Mitterrand Legacy 179 Chapter 7: Le Chagrin: The Chirac Presidencies, 1995–2002 Chirac elected 182 Chirac’s Presidency: From Juppé to Jospin 185 Chirac’s Salvation: The 2002 Elections 192 The Fifth: Past, Present and Future 195 Notes 200 Bibliography 224 Index 240 Acknowledgements My thanks go first to Jeremy Black who invited me to contribute to this series. The initial idea was to write on the later years of the Third Republic, and I am grateful to Pamela Pilbeam who suggested that there was a greater need for a study on the Fifth Republic. As in the past, her advice and backing have been greatly welcomed. At Palgrave Macmillan, Terka Acton and Sonya Barker have been both supportive and patient. Patience was also displayed by Andy Knapp who read through an early manuscript which still makes me blush with embarrassment. He cor- rected several silly mistakes, made many suggestions for further reading and forced me to reconsider a number of my arguments. I am also indebted to all those who have written on the Fifth Republic. To have acknowledged their full contribution would have turned the text into a briar of footnotes. Thanks also go to my students on whom I have tried out several of my ideas. I have particularly benefited from the sugges- tions of Richard Carswell who regularly sent me reviews of books which otherwise would have passed me by. Any mistakes, shortcomings and peculiarities of judgement are my own contribution. As always, the great- est debt is to my wife, Claire, and children, Charlotte and Benjamin. Nicholas Atkin Windsor ix
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