The family Cerithiopsidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Cuba 3. The genus Cerithiopsis s.l., species with brown shells

19 Pages·1996·6.8 MB·English

IBERUS, 13 (2): 129-147, 1995
The family Cerithiopsidae (Mollusca: Gastro-
poda) in Cuba 3. The genus Cerithiopsis s. 1., spe-
cies with brown shells
La familia Cerithiopsidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) en
Cuba 3. El género Cerithiopsis s. L, especies con concha
castaña
Emilio ROLAN* andJosé ESPINOSA**
ABSTRACT
Thirteen species of the genus Cerithiopsis s. I. found in Cuba are studied, all having
brown teleoconchs. Five ofthem were previously known, buttwo ofthese are ofdoubtful
validity; onewas notdetermined dueto the lack of material in good condition, and seven
aredescribed as newtoscience. A keytothetreated species is included.
RESUMEN
Se estudian trece especies del género Cerithiopsis s. I. encontradas en Cuba y con la
teloconcha de color castaño. Cinco de ellas eran ya conocidas, aunque en dos casos la
identificación fue dudosa; otra quedó sin determinar por falta de material en buen
estado, y siete sedescriben como nuevas para laciencia. Se incluye unaclavedetodas
lasespeciestratadas.
KEYWORDS:Gastropoda,Cerithiopsidae,Cuba
PALABRASCLAVE:Gastropoda,Cerithiopsidae,Cuba
INTRODUCTION
Thepresentpaperisthethird contri- authors or by Raúl Fernández-Garcés
butiontothestudyofthefamilyCerithiop- (Cienfuegos,Cuba)inotherplaces.
sidaeinCuba.Somespeciesofthisfamily At least 60 taxa belonging to the fa-
fromthiscountrywerestudiedbytheaut- mily Cerithiopsidae from the Caribbean
hors in previous publications, such as and nearby waters have been described
Seilaadamsi(RolanandFernandes,1990), byC. B. Adams (1839, 1850a, 1850b) (see
RetilaskeyabicolorandR.emersoni(Rolan alsoClenchandTurner,1950),Bartsch
andEspinosa,1992a),andHorologicapul- (1911, 1918), Dall and Bartsch (1911),
chella,H.cubensisandH.rauli(Rolanand Henderson and Bartsch (1914), Dall
Espinosa,1992b).Thematerialstudiedwas (1927),Nowell-Usticke(1959,1969)and
collected during the course of two Spa- DeJongandCoomans(1988),andinad-
nish-Cubanexpeditions, and alsoby the ditionadozenfossilspeciesweredescri-
*MuseoGalegodoMar,CánovasdelCastillo,22,36202Vigo,España.
**InstitutodeOceanología,Avda. Ia, 18406,Flores,Playa, 12100,LaHabana,Cuba.
129
IBERUS, 13 (2), 1995
bed from this área by Dall (1892, 1909, Due to the high number of species
1913, 1915, 1916) and Olsson andHar- found in this family in the studied área,
bison (1953). An important part ofthese wehavetried tobreakitupinto groups,
taxaconsistsofspeciesdredgedindepths in order to facilitate its study. We will
greater than 100 fathoms, and these are therefore begin, in the present paper,
poorly represented in the studied mate- with a group containing species that
rial,whichwascollectedindepthsof to have a more or less uniformly brown
60metres. teleoconch. Species with white or
The knowledge of this family in the banded shells, and those that have a
Caribbean is far from complete, and variable colour within the species, will
most of the species now known were betreated ata laterdate.
described before 1927. Species described Whenthematerialstudiedhasnotindi-
since that date, up until the revisión be- cateditspertenence,itisintheCER,from
gun by the present authors, are limited theauthorscollectingorfromex-CFG.
to five fossil species in Olsson and
Harbison(1953),tworecentinNowell- Abbreviationsused:
Usticke (1959, 1969), and two more in
De Jong and Coomans (1988). Most of AMNH: American Museum of Natural
the books or revisions of malacological History,NewYork
fauna from several Caribbean or nearby BMNH: The Museum ofNatural History,
áreas (for example, Warmke and Ab- London
bott, 1961, Leal, 1991) did not include CER: collectionE.Rolan,Vigo
descriptionsofnewspecies. CFG:collectionR.Fernández-Garcés,Cien-
The European species of the family fuegos
Cerithiopsidae are at present in the ÍES: Instituto deEcología ySistemática, La
process of revisión (Bouchet, Gofas and Habana
Warén,pers. comm.),anditislikely that MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology,
important changes in the generic arran- Cambridge,Massachusetts
gement willbe established in thatwork. MNCN:MuseoNacionaldeCienciasNatu-
For this reason wehave preferred not to rales,Madrid
introduce new genera in our study, MNHN:MuseumNationald'HistoireNatu-
which is limited to a small área, and to relle,Paris
keep the ñame Cerithiopsis s. 1. wherever USNM:NationalMuseumNaturalHistory,
we find no obvious affiliation to a pre- Washington
viouslyknowngenus. ZMA:ZoologischMuseum,Amsterdam
RESULTS
SuperfamilyTriphoroidea Gray, 1847
FamilyCerithiopsidae H. and A. Adams, 1853
Cerithiopsis cf.greenii (C. B. Adams, 1839) (Fig. 1 and 50)
CerithiumgreeniiC. B. Adams, 1839. BostonJournal ofNaturalHistory, 2: 287-288, pl. 4, fig. 12.
[typelocality:DarmouthHarbor,Massachussets].
Materialexamined:USA(Massachusetts):lectotypeMCZn-156202(Fig.50).
NorthernCuba: 1 specimen,CayoCoco;2shells,6m,Jibacoa;3shells,4m,ComodoroHotel,La
Habana.SouthernCuba:2shellsbetween25-40m,CienfuegosBay.
Description: See Adams (1839) and red colour; the protoconch is mentioned
Clench and Turner (1950). The origi- in the original description as "... apicial
nal description mentioned the blackish ones [whorls] smooth, nearly white and
130
Rolan and Espinosa: Brown-shelledCerithiopsiss. 1. species in Cuba
Figure 1.Cerithiopsiscf.greenii.LaHabana.Figures2-6.C.fusiforme.2-4: CienfuegosBay;5,
6: Protoconch. Scalebars,shells, 1.0mm;protoconches,0.1 mm.
Figura 1. Cerithiopsis cf. greenii. LaHabana. Figuras2-6. C. fusiforme. 2-4:Bahía de Cien-
fuegos;5,6:Protoconcha.Escalas,conchas1,0mm;protoconchas,0,1 mm.
131
IBERUS, 13 (2), 1995
pearly;... ", but the lectotype has its pro- different species are represented. It
toconch broken. The most important would benecessarytocomparematerial
characterforthediagnosisofthisspecies from the type locality and from Cuba
is "... the lower series ofgranules rather with good protoconchs and soft parts to
larger, and the upper one less than the decidewhetherornottheyareconspeci-
middle series; the upper series nearer to fic.
the middle one, and obsolete on the up- Our shells are rather similar to C.
per whorls". A smooth sutural cord is fusiforme (C. B. Adams, 1850) (Fig. 47),
evidentinthelectotype. but different because its white proto-
conch and with the suture and upper
Remarks: Mostshellsinourmaterial cord of the teleoconch darker than the
have the protoconch totally or partially rest; C. greenii has a light brown proto-
broken,but the visible partofthe proto- conch and a uniformly darkbrown tele-
conchislightbrownincontrasttothedark oconch. Also, the lower row of nodules
colour of the shell. The protoconch of on the lectotype of C. greenii (Fig. 50) is
beachshellsmightbeseenasbeingnearly not as cióse to the suture as the lower
whiteandpearly,asmentionedintheori- rowonC.fusiforme. C.gemmuíosum (C. B.
ginaldescription,althoughthesmallpart Adams, 1850) (Fig. 49) has more nume-
oftheprotoconchpresentonthelectotype rous axial ribs and three cords with
hasthelightbrowncolourofourshells. similar spaces between them. Abbott
The shells (Fig. 1) from Cuba agree (1974) mentioned the possibility that C.
withthecharactersmentionedintheori- virginica Henderson and Bartsch, 1914
ginal description but they differ slightly (Fig. 48) and C. vanhyningi Bartsch, 1918
from the lectotype, which is lighter in could be forms ofthis species. We disa-
colorand hasthelowerseriesofnodules gree, because the lectotype of C. greenii
larger. The sculpture of Cuban shells is showsthemiddleandupperspiralcords
closer to that of the original figure, with tobeclosertogetherontheearlywhorls,
mostly uniform nodules. Due to these whereas they are more separated on C.
differences and the distance of the type virginica. These cords are fused together
locality from Cuba, it could be that two onseveralwhorlsofC. vanhyningi.
Cerithiopsisfusiforme (C. B. Adams, 1850) (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 47)
CerithiumfusiformeC. B. Adams, 1850. Contributions to Conchology, 7: 120-121. Figured in Clench
andTurner(1950,pl.38,fig.4) [Typelocality:Jamaica]
Materialexamined:Jamaica:Holotype(MCZne186127) (Fig.47).
Northern Cuba: 1 shell, 4 m,Jibacoa; 1 shell, 6 m, Baracoa, La Habana. Southern Cuba: 2 frag-
ments,56m,FarodelosColorados,5shells,42m,PuntaTamarindo(bothnearCienfuegosBay)
and3shells,inthemiddleofthebayofCienfuegos.
Description: See Adams (1850) and Moreover, there are three nodulous
Clench and Turner (1950). The follo- cords crossed by axial ribs at the begin-
wing characters from the original des- ning of the teleoconch, but on subse-
cription must be mentioned: "Shell quent whorls there are only two, as the
ovate-fusiform: reddishblack,whitishat upper cords become fused. They sepá-
the apex three spiral ridges, of rate on the fifth or sixth whorl, where
whichtheuppertwoarenearertogether thereareonceagainthreedistinctcords.
and in the upper half of the shell are Protoconch (Fig. 5) white,withabout
confluent apex acute: spire with the 4whorls.Theseappearsmooth,butthelo-
outlines curvilinear: whorls eight or westhasaslightangulationinthemiddle
nine... ". These characters could define andafinespiralcordnearthebase.Aspi-
thespecies(seeFigures2,3and4). ralcordmaybeseenattheangulationon
132
Rolan andEspinosa: Brown-shelledCerithiopsiss. I. species in Cuba
Figures 7-10. Cerithiopsisgemmulosum. 7-9: Cienfuegos Bay; 10: Protoconch. Figures 11-13.
Cerithiopsispseudomovilla. 11: Holotype (MNCN),Jibacoa,LaHabanaprovince; 12: Paratype
(CER), Cayo Diego Pérez; 13: Protoconch, Paratype (CER). Scalebars, shells, 1.0mm; proto-
conches,0.1 mm.
Figuras 7-10. Cerithiopsis gemmulosum. 7-9:BahíadeCienfuegos; 10:Protoconcha.Figuras
11-13. Cerithiopsis pseudomovilla. 11: Holotipo (MNCN),Jibacoa,provincia deLa Habana;
12:Paratipo (CER), CayoDiegoPérez; 13: Protoconcha, Paratipo (CER). Escalas, conchas,
1,0mm;protoconchas,0,1 mm.
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IBERUS, 13 (2), 1995
some specimens (Fig. 6), together with conch is in good condition. The above
some oblique lines. The shells collected description of the protoconch and the
inCubaarebetween2.5and3.2mm. upper cords of the teleoconch help to
distinguish C. fusiforme from other
Remarles: The holotype (Fig. 47) has similar species (see remarks of C. cf.
its protoconch broken but the teleo- greenii).
Cerithiopsisgemmulosum (C. B. Adams, 1850) (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 49)
CerithiumgemmulosumC.B.Adams,1847.Proc.BostonSoc.Nat.Hist.,2.p.228(nomennudum).
CerithiumgemmulosumC.B.Adams, 1850. ContributionstoConchology,7: 120. Holotypefiguredin
ClenchandTurner(1950,pl.38,fig. 13) [Typelocality:Jamaica].
Materialexamined:Jamaica:HolotypeMCZne186075(Fig.49).
NorthernCuba: 1 shell,4m,Baracoa,LaHabana. SouthernCuba:5shellsbetween25and50m,
offCienfuegosBay.
Description: SeeAdams (1850). The cription, whichmentions onlyan "apex
following details from the original des- acute". Ourshells (Fig. 10) haveabrown
cription shouldbe noted: "the colour... protoconchof3 l/ismoothwhorls.
.reddishblack,sometimeswax-colored
..
on thelowerpartofthewhorls: with th- Remarks: The studied shells (Figs. 7,
reespiralridges,ofwhichthemiddleone 8 and 9) agree well with the above des-
ismoreelevated; whorlstwelve,mo- cription. They are smaller than the
deratelyconvex".Theprotoconchisscar- holotype (Fig. 49), but are otherwise
celycommenteduponintheoriginaldes- verysimilar.
Cerithiopsispseudomovilla n. sp. (Figs. 11, 12 and 13)
Material examined: North Cuba: 6 shells, 4 m, Jibacoa; 1 shell, 2 m, Comodoro Hotel, La
Habana. SouthernCuba: 1 shell, Cayo Avalos, 3 shells, 20 m, Cayo Matías and 5 shells, 15 m,
CayoDiegoPérez,LosCanarreosArchipelago;1 shelland1 fragment,15m,CienfuegosBay.
Type material. Holotype (Fig. 11), from Jibacoa (type locality), of 2.5 mm in MNCN (n-
15.05/17226).OneparatypeinAMNH(n9226507),BMNH,CFG,ÍES,MNHN,USNMandZMA;
fourinCER.
Etymology:NamedafteritsinitialresemblancetoC. movillaDalíandBartsch,1911.
Description: Shell (Figs. 11 and 12) base. Aperture ovoid, thesiphonalcanal
cylindrical ovoid, with a sharp apex. open and short, and with very small
Protoconch smooth (Fig. 13), varying striae on the base. The entire shell is
from just under 2 whorls to about 2 xI\ dark brown, and measures between 1.7
mm
whorls. The teleoconch begins with and 2.6 (the latter size correspon-
three spiral cords, the upper two of dingtoa specimenwith8whorls).
which are slightly closer together. The
nodulesformedattheintersectionofthe Remarks: We compared shells of C.
spiral cordsand axialribs aresmall,and pseudomovilla n. sp. to the holotype ofC.
the three rows of nodules are perfectly movilla (USNM nB 221613) (Fig. 42) and
aligned vertically. There are between 12 found them to be very different: C.
and 14 axial ribs on the first whorls and movilla is largerand notasdark,and the
rarely more than 20 on the final ones. nodules at the intersection of the ribs
There are four nodulous cords on the and cords are more prominent and
body whorl and one more towards the lighter in colour. The nodules on the
134
RolanandEspinosa: Brown-shelled Cerithiopsiss. ¡. species in Cuba
Figures 14-16.Cerithiopsiscf. iontha. 14, 15: RanchoLuna,Cienfuegos; 16: Protoconch.Figu-
res 17-19. C. dominguezi. 17: Holotype (MNCN),Jibacoa; 18: Paratype (CER), Comodoro, La
Habana; 19: Protoconch,Paratype(CER). Scalebars, shells, 1.0mm; protoconches,0.1 mm.
Figuras14-16.Cerithiopsiscf.iontha.14,15:RanchoLuna,Cienfuegos;16:Protoconcha.Figu-
ras17-19. C. dominguezi. 17:Holotipo(MNCN),Jibacoa;18:Paratipo(CER),Comodoro,La
Habana;19:Protoconcha,Paratipo(CER).Escalas, conchas, 1,0mm;protoconchas,0,1 mm.
135
IBERUS, 13 (2), 1995
upper cord of C. movilla are not aligned C. iontha Bartsch, 1911 and C.fusco-
with those on the lower two. C. pseudo- flavus n. sp., described later in this pa-
movilla is narrower, being almost twice per, also have paucispiral protoconchs,
as narrow around the fifth and sixth but they are white. C. portoi n. sp. has a
whorls of the teleoconch. The axial ribs brown paucispiral protoconch but the
numberless than 20 on the final whorls, shell is smaller, with more numerous
unlikethoseonC. movilla (seeDalland axial ribs on the first whorl of the teleo-
Bartsch, 1911). conch.
Cerithiopsis cf. iontha Bartsch, 1911 (Figs. 14, 15 and 16)
Cerithiopsis iontha Bartsch, 1911. Proc. U. S.Nat.Museum,41: 304,Pl. 28,fig. 3.SyntypeinUSNM
na226451 (specimenmissing) [Typelocality:Bermuda].
Materialexamined:NorthernCuba:3shells,4m,Jibacoa.SouthernCuba:7shells,45m,Rancho
Luna,Cienfuegos;1 shell,15m,CayoCantiles,LosCanarreosArchipelago.
Description: See Bartsch (1911). material must be considered lost. We
Several specimens collected in Abaco therefore have some doubts about the
(Bahamas), with shells very similar to relationship between our shells and the
the Cuban material, had a totally white species described by Bartsch: the profile
animal(Redfern,pers. comm.). of the figured syntype in the original
description of C. iontha (reproduced in
Remarles: The original description Fig. 51) is straight, while it is slightly
mentions two white, well rounded, curved in ourshells. Also,Fig. 51 shows
smooth nuclear whorls, similar to those a peripheral angle in the second whorl
shown in the SEM photographs of our of the protoconch, not mentioned in the
material (Fig. 16). The teleoconch was description and not present in our
described as golden brown, with three shells. In all other respeets our shells
spiral cords starting on the first whorl. (Figs. 14and 15) correspond totheorigi-
In our shells, the beginning ofthe teleo- nal description, so we prefer to use this
conch gives the appearance of having ñametentativelyforourmaterial.
onlytwospiralcords,becausetheupper TheshellsinourmaterialfromNort-
one is smaller and cióse to the second. hernCubaarelargerthanthosefromthe
ThesyntypeintheUSNMislostandthe South. One of our shells has a shorter
other types are not present in the mate- protoconchwithonlyonewhorl,butthis
rial transferred to this institution from may be an anomaly in view of the fact
the Bermuda Museum. So the type thattherestofthecharactersaresimilar.
Cerithiopsis dominguezi n. sp. (Figs. 17, 18 and 19)
Material examined: NorthernCuba: 3shells and 1 fragment,4m,Jibacoa;5 shells, 2m,Como-
doroHotel,LaHabana.SouthernCuba:2shells,20m,CayoCantiles, 1 shell, 15m,CayoAvalos
and 2 shells, 10 m, Cayo Matías, all in Los Canarreos Archipelago; 1 shell, 56 m, Faro de Los
Colorados,Cienfuegos.
Type material: Holotype (Fig. 18) from Jibacoa (type locality) of 2.00 mm, in MNCN (ne
15.05/18725).OneparatypeinAMNH,otherinUSNMandtherestinCER.
Etymology: Named after Manuel Domínguez, Cooperatorofthe AIMEN forhis helpwith the
SEMphotographyoftheshells.
Description: Shell (Figs. 17 and 18) without any sculpture and usually with
turriform, pointed. Protoconch (Fig. 19) 5 whorls, the first of which are white
136
RolanandEspinosa: Brown-shelledCerithiopsiss. I. species inCuba
Figure20. Cerithiopsisvanhyningi. Cienfuegos.Figures21-26.C.academicorum. 21: Paratype
(AMNH),Cienfuegos; 22: Paratype(USNM),Cienfuegos; 23: Holotype(MNCN),Cienfuegos;
24: Paratype (CER), Cienfuegos; 25, 26: Protoconch, Paratypes (CER). Scale bars, shells, 1.0
mm;protoconches,0.1 mm.
Figura20. Cerithiopsisvanhyningi. Cienfuegos.Figuras21-26. C. academicorum.21:Parati-
po (AMNH), Cienfuegos;22: Paratipo (USNM), Cienfuegos; 23: Holotipo (MNCN), Cienfue-
gos;24:Paratipo(CER),Cienfuegos;25,26:Protoconcha,Paratipos(CER).Escalas,conchas,
1,0mm;protoconchas,0,1 mm.
137
IBERUS, 13 (2), 1995
and the remainder uniformly dark DeJong and Coomans (1988) were
brown. Teleoconchwith about4whorls. of the opinión that C. cynthia should be
Three strong spiral cords of similar size considered a júnior synonym of C. iota
are present from the beginning of the (C. B. Adams, 1845). We think that the
teleoconch, crossed by 14-16 axial ribs description of C. iota is too short and
that are narrower than the intermediate doesnotpresentenoughdetailsinorder
spaces. At the points of intersection to sepárate it from other species. The
there are small nodules of the same lectotype of C. iota in MCZ (ne 186115),
colouras the restofthe shell. The upper figured in Clench and Turner (1950)
cord is a little smaller than the other and examinedbyus, is a yellowish shell
two. Suture well marked. Aperture in very bad condition, lacking a proto-
rounded, siphonalcanalshortandopen. conch and with the base eroded. C. iota
The colour is brown, a little darker at is not conspecific with C. cynthia and
thesuture, ontheuppercord,and atthe should probably be considered nomen
baseoftheprotoconch. dubium.
C. dominguezi canbe easily differen-
Remarks: At the beginning of this tiatedfrom theotherbrownspecieswith
study we considered the shells of C. three spiral cords atthebeginning ofthe
dominguezin. sp. tobe C. cynthia Bartsch, teleoconch:C.academicorumn.sp.reaches
1911, because they agreed with the des- a greater length, is wider when compa-
cription ofthatspecies. Later a compari- red with C. dominguezi shells of similar
son was made to the type material ofC. length,andhasabrownprotoconchwith
cynthia (USNM na 226449). No holotype narrowerlowerwhorls. C.gemmulosumis
is present in the lot sent by the USNM, noticeablylargerandwideranddiffersin
which consists of only 5 very similar colour, with more axial ribs on the last
shells, all of which are without proto- whorlsoftheteleoconch.C.pseudomovilla
conchs (Fig. 43). It was evident that the n. sp., C. portoin. sp. and C. movilla have
shellandthenodulesofC.domingueziare protoconchs with only2 nuclear whorls.
smaller, lackingtherowoflighter,enlar- C. aimen n. sp. has the first two spiral
ged nodules present on the upper spiral cords closer together on the firstwhorls
cordonthelastwhorlsofC.cynthia. ofteleoconch.
Cerithiopsis vanhyningiBartsch, 1918 (Fig. 20)
Cerithiopsis vanhyningi Bartsch, 1918. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 31: 135 [Type locality: Tampa Bay,
Florida].
Materialexamined:U.S.A.(Florida):holotypeand2paratypes(USNMna219017),TampaBay.
NorthernCuba: 1 fragmentfromJibacoa.SouthernCuba:1brokenshell,15m,CienfuegosBay.
Description: See Bartsch (1918). It Remarks:Theholotypelacksnuclear
is important to note from the original whorls, and the paratypes are in poor
description: "...mucronate white apex. condition. Our shells are a little wider
Postnuclear whorls chesrnut brown, the than the types, but otherwise similar.
early ones a little lighter than the last, The protoconch appears similar to the
darkest on the base, the first marked by protoconch on one of the paratypes. C.
twoslenderspiralcords. vanhyningi has been considered a sy-
The shells collected in Cuba are not nonym of C. greenii by Abbott (1974),
perfect: one (Fig. 20) is broken at the but we found them to be very different.
base and the protoconch is not in good C.greeniihasastraighterprofile,withth-
enough condition for SEM photo- reespiralcordsonthefirstwhorlsofthe
graphy. teleoconch. The upper two rows of no-
138