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The EVERYDAY Writer PDF

683 Pages·2010·10.5 MB·English
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Analyzing and Composing QUICK About College Writing 1 The Top Twenty: A Quick ACCESS Guide to Troubleshooting Your Writing 2 Expectations for College MENU Writing 3 Oral and Multimedia Assignments student presentation 4 Design for College Writing The Writing Process 5 Writing Situations 6 Exploring Ideas 7 Planning and Drafting 8 Developing Paragraphs 9 Reviewing and Revising 10 Editing and Refecting revised student draft student statement Critical Thinking and Argument 11 Critical Reading 12 Analyzing Arguments student analysis 13 Constructing Arguments student essay Research 14 Preparing for a Research Project 1 5 Doing Research 16 Evaluating Sources and Taking Notes 17 Integrating Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism 18 Writing a Research Project pages 1– 42 pages 43 –111 pages 113 –160 pages 161–213 Usage and Style Resources Language MLA Documentation 19 Writing to the World 48 MLA Style for In-Text 20 Language That Builds Citations Common Ground 49 Explanatory and Bibliographic 21 Language Variety Notes 22 Word Choice and Spelling 50 List of Works Cited 23 Glossary of Usage 51 student essay, mla style Sentence Style APA, Chicago, and CSE Documentation 24 Coordination, Subordination, and 52 APA Style Emphasis student essay, apa style 25 Consistency and 53 Chicago Style Completeness student essay, chicago style 26 Parallelism 54 CSE Style 27 Shifts student proposal, cse style 28 Conciseness 29 Sentence Variety Sentence Grammar For Multilingual Writers 30 Basic Grammar 55 Writing in U.S. Academic 31 Verbs Genres 32 Subject-Verb Agreement 56 Clauses and Sentences 33 Pronouns 57 Nouns and Noun Phrases 34 Adjectives and Adverbs 58 Verbs and Verb Phrases 35 Modifer Placement 59 Prepositions and 36 Comma Splices and Fused Prepositional Phrases Sentences 37 Sentence Fragments Punctuation and Mechanics Writing in the Disciplines 38 Commas 60 Academic Work in Any 39 Semicolons Discipline 40 End Punctuation 61 Writing for the Humanities 41 Apostrophes student essay 42 Quotation Marks 62 Writing for the Social Sciences 43 Other Punctuation student report 44 Capital Letters 63 Writing for the Natural and 45 Abbreviations and Numbers Applied Sciences 46 Italics student lab report 47 Hyphens 64 Writing for Business student documents Luns.EverywiEx4.1st page.110508.indd 1 11/12/08 5:45:54 PM pages 425 – 475 pages 477 – 545 pages 547 – 576 pages 577 – 623 pages 215 –252 pages 253 –281 pages 283 – 365 pages 367 – 424 This page intentionally left blank 00_LUN_66490_FM_(i-xx)_00_LUN_66490_FM_i-xx.qxd 11/30/11 1:54 PM Page i The EVERYDAY Writer With Exercises 00_LUN_66490_FM_(i-xx)_00_LUN_66490_FM_i-xx.qxd 11/30/11 1:54 PM Page ii this page left intentionally blank 00_LUN_66490_FM_(i-xx)_00_LUN_66490_FM_i-xx.qxd 11/30/11 1:54 PM Page iii Fourth EditionThe EVERYDAY Writer With Exercises Andrea A. Lunsford STANFORD UNIVERSITY A section for multilingual writers with Paul Kei Matsuda ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Christine M. Tardy DEPAUL UNIVERSITY BEDFORD / ST. MARTIN’S Boston ◆ New York 00_LUN_66490_FM_(i-xx)_00_LUN_66490_FM_i-xx.qxd 11/30/11 1:54 PM Page iv For Bedford / St. Martin’s Senior Developmental Editor: Carolyn Lengel Senior Production Editor: Harold Chester Assistant Production Manager: Joe Ford Senior Marketing Manager: John Swanson Art Director: Lucy Krikorian Text Design: Anne Carter Copy Editor: Wendy Polhemus-Annibell Photo Research: Martha Friedman, Connie Gardner Cover Design: Donna Lee Dennison Cover Art and Illustrations: Eric Larsen Composition: Pre-Press PMG Printing and Binding: Quebecor World Taunton President: Joan E. Feinberg Editorial Director: Denise B. Wydra Editor in Chief: Karen S. Henry Director of Development: Erica T. Appel Director of Marketing: Karen R. Soeltz Director of Editing, Design, and Production: Marcia Cohen Assistant Director of Editing, Design, and Production: Elise S. Kaiser Managing Editor: Shuli Traub Library of Congress Control Number: 2009928112 Copyright © 2010 (APA update), 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Bedford/St. Martin’s All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as may be expressly permitted by the applicable copyright statutes or in writing by the Publisher. Manufactured in the United States of America. 5 4 3 2 1 0 f e d c b a For information, write: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 75 Arlington Street, Boston, MA 02116 (617-399-4000) ISBN-10: 0-312-66490-7; ISBN-13: 978-0-312-66490-9 Acknowledgments Acknowledgments and copyrights appear at the back of the book on pages 624– 625, which constitute an extension of the copyright page. 00_LUN_66490_FM_(i-xx)_00_LUN_66490_FM_i-xx.qxd 11/30/11 1:54 PM Page v How to Use This Book The Everyday Writer provides a “short and sweet” writing reference you can use easily on your own — at work, in class, even on the run. Small enough to tuck into a backpack or briefcase, this text has been designed to help you find information quickly, efficiently, and easily. I hope that this book will prove to be an everyday reference — and that the follow- ing tips will lead you to any information you need. Ways into the book QUICK ACCESS MENU. Inside the front cover you’ll find a list of the book’s contents. Once you locate a general topic on the quick access menu, flip to the tabbed section of the book that contains information on the topic, and check the menu on the tabbed divider for the exact page. USER-FRIENDLY INDEX. The index lists everything covered in the book. You can look up a topic either by its formal name (ellipses, for example) or, if you’re not sure what the formal name is, by a familiar word you use to describe it (such as dots). BRIEF CONTENTS. Inside the back cover, a brief but detailed table of con- tents lists chapter titles and major headings. GUIDE TO THE TOP TWENTY. The first tabbed section provides guidelines for recognizing, understanding, and editing the most common errors in student writing today. This section includes brief explanations, hand- edited examples, and cross-references to other places in the book where you’ll find more detail. CLEAR ADVICE ON RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION. Easy-to-follow source maps walk you step-by-step through the processes of selecting, evaluating, using, and citing sources. Documentation models appear in two tabbed sections — gold for MLA style and white for APA, Chicago, and CSE styles — with the different documentation styles color-coded in these sections. REVISION SYMBOLS. If your instructor uses revision symbols to mark your drafts, you can consult the list of symbols at the back of the book and its cross-references to places in the book where you’ll find more help. GLOSSARY OF USAGE. Chapter 19 gives quick advice on commonly con- fused and misused words. v 00_LUN_66490_FM_(i-xx)_00_LUN_66490_FM_i-xx.qxd 11/30/11 1:54 PM Page vi vi How to use this book Ways to navigate the pages 1 GUIDES AT THE TOP OF EVERY PAGE. Headers tell you what chapter or subsection you’re in, the chapter number and section letter, the name of the tab, and the page number. 2 “AT A GLANCE” BOXES. These boxes at the beginning of most chap- ters — and elsewhere in the book as well — help you check your drafts with a critical eye and revise or edit. 3 BOXED TIPS THROUGHOUT THE BOOK. • Tips on academic language, concepts, and style. “Talking the Talk” and “Talking about Style” boxes help you make sense of how writing works in the academic world and help you make stylistic choices for various kinds of writing — in communities, jobs, and disciplines. • Tips for multilingual writers. Advice for multilingual writers appears in a separate tabbed section and in boxes throughout the book. You can also find a list of the topics covered, including language-specific tips, at the back of the book. • Tips for considering disabilities. These boxes, which also ap- pear throughout the book, help you make your work accessible to readers with disabilities. If you’re a writer with a disability, these boxes also point out resources and strategies you may want to use. • Tips on common assignments. Advice about dealing with the most common assignments in first-year writing — and in other disciplines — appears in boxed tips throughout the book. 4 HAND-EDITED EXAMPLES. Many examples are hand-edited in blue, allowing you to see the error and its revision at a glance. Pointers and boldface type make examples easy to spot on the page. 5 CROSS-REFERENCES TO THE WEB SITE. The Everyday Writer Web site expands the book’s coverage. The cross-references to the Web site point you to practical online resources — tutorials, interactive exer- cises, model papers, research and documentation help, and more.

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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.