The Encyclopedia of Farm Animal Nutrition PDF
Preview The Encyclopedia of Farm Animal Nutrition
00EncofFarmAn Prels 22/4/04 10:18 Page i The Encyclopedia of Farm Animal Nutrition 00EncofFarmAn Prels 22/4/04 10:18 Page ii 00EncofFarmAn Prels 22/4/04 10:18 Page iii The Encyclopedia of Farm Animal Nutrition Editor-in-chief M.F. Fuller Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK Section Editors N.J. Benevenga (Biochemistry) University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA M.F. Fuller (Non-ruminant Mammalian Nutrition) Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK S.P. Lall (Fish Nutrition) Institute for Marine Biosciences, Halifax, Canada K.J. McCracken (Avian Nutrition) Queen’s University, Belfast, UK H.M. Omed and R.F.E. Axford (Ruminant Nutrition) University of Wales, Bangor, UK C.J.C. Phillips (Nutritional Deficiencies and Disorders) University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia CABIPublishing 00EncofFarmAn Prels 22/4/04 10:18 Page iv CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CABI Publishing CAB International 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxon OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi-publishing.org © CAB International 2004. All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington, DC, USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The encyclopedia of farm animal nutrition / editors, M.F. Fuller ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-85199-369-9 (alk. paper) 1. Animal nutrition--Encyclopedias. 2. Animal feeding--Encyclopedias. 3. Feeds--Encyclopedias. I. Fuller, M. F. II. Title, SF94.65.E53 2004 636.08(cid:2)5(cid:2)03--dc22 2004002320 ISBN 0 85199 369 9 Typeset by Columns Design Ltd, Reading Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles, King’s Lynn 00EncofFarmAn Prels 22/4/04 10:18 Page v Key to Contributors AC Alan Cembella HFDeL H.F. DeLuca ADC Anthony D. Care IM I. Murray AJFR A.J.F. Russel JAM J.A. Marlett AJS A.J. (Tony) Smith JAMcL John McLean AM Alan Morrow JAP James A. Pfister BLS Bryan L. Stegelmeier JDO John D. Olson BMM Bruce Moss JDR Jess Reed CB Carolyn Bird JEM Joyce Milley CBC Colin Cowey JJR J.J. Robinson CJCP Clive J.C. Phillips JKM Jean K. Margerison CLA Clare L. Adam JMF J.M. Forbes CN Cliff Nixey JMW J.M. Wilkinson CRL C.R. Lonsdale JPG J.P. Goff DA David Arney JRS J.R. Scaife DCD D.C. Deeming JSA Stewart Anderson DD David R. Davies JSav John Savory DEC Douglas Conklin JSJr Joseph Soares, Jr DF David Farrell JvanM Jaap van Milgen DHB David H. Baker JW Julian Wiseman DJS David J. Scarratt JWS John Suttie DLF David Frape KDS K.D. Sinclair DLP Donald L. Palmquist KEP Kip E. Panter DMG Delbert Gatlin, III KF Kieran Forbes DMS D.M. Schaefer KJMcC Kelvin J. McCracken DN Dominic Nanton KP Karin Pittman DRG Dale R. Gardner LFJ Lynn F. James DS David Speare LR L. Reynolds EB Elisabeth Baeza MC-D Margaret Clagett-Dame ED E. Deaville MFF Malcolm Fuller EM Erica Martin MG Mark Goodwill EO Emyr Owen MHR M.H. Ralphs FLM Fergus Mould MMacL Murdo Macleod GG Guy Groblewski MMal Mark Malpass v 00EncofFarmAn Prels 22/4/04 10:18 Page vi vi Key to Contributors MMax Martin Maxwell RMG Rasanthi M. Gunasekera MMit Malcolm Mitchell RNBK R.N.B. Kay NJB N.J. Benevenga RSE Rick Eisenstein NS Nick Sparks SAE Sandra Edwards PC P.R. Cheeke SB Sigurd Boisen PCG P.C. Garnsworthy SC Siphe Chikunya PDL Peter Lewis SEL Stephen Lee PGR Philip G. Reeves SPL Santosh P. Lall PJHB P.J.H. Ball SPR S. Paul Rose RFEA Roger F.E. Axford TA T. Acamovic RG Rob Gous TDC T.D. Crenshaw RGA Robert G. Ackman TS Tim Smith RH Ronald Hardy VRF Vernon Fowler RHP R. Peterson WKS W. Kingsley Smith RJ Raymond Jones WRW W.R. Ward 00EncofFarmAn Prels 22/4/04 10:18 Page vii Contributors Acamovic, T., Avian Science Research Centre, SAC – Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK. [email protected] Ackman, Robert G., Canadian Institute of Fisheries Technology, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, PO Box 1000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 2X4. robert.ack- [email protected] Adam, Clare L., Rowett Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK. Anderson, Stewart, Global Marketing Manager Aquaculture, Roche Vitamins Ltd, Vitamins and Fine Chemicals Division, VMA Bldg 241/833, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland. [email protected] Arney, David, Moulton College, West Street, Moulton, Northamptonshire NN3 7RR, UK. Axford, Roger F.E., School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK. Baeza, Elisabeth, Station de Recherches Avicoles, Centre INRA de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France. [email protected] Baker, David H., University of Illinois, 1207W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. d- [email protected] Ball, P.J.H., 25 Sunningdale Avenue, Ayr KA7 4RQ, UK. [email protected] Benevenga, N.J., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1284, USA. [email protected] Bird, Carolyn, Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Canada B3H 3Z1. Boisen, Sigurd, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark. [email protected] Care, Anthony D., Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DD, UK. Cembella, Alan, Pelagic Ecosystems Department, Marine Chemistry and Marine Natural Products, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven (Building C-316), Germany. [email protected] Cheeke, P.R., Oregon State University, Department of Animal Science, Withycombe 112, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. [email protected] Chikunya, Siphe, Writtle College, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 3RR, UK. [email protected] Clagett-Dame, Margaret, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. [email protected] vii 00EncofFarmAn Prels 22/4/04 10:18 Page viii viii Contributors Conklin, Douglas, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8521, USA. [email protected] Cowey, Colin, 5 Endrick Place, Aberdeen AB15 6EF, UK. [email protected] Crenshaw, T.D., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. [email protected] Davies, David R., Plant Animal and Microbial Science, Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK. david.davies@ bbsrc.ac.uk Deaville, E., Nutritional Sciences Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Earley Gate, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, UK. [email protected] Deeming, D.C., Hatchery Consulting and Research, 9 Eagle Drive, Welton, Lincolnshire LN2 3LP, UK. [email protected] DeLuca, H.F., Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. [email protected] Edwards, Sandra, Department of Agriculture, University of Newcastle, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. [email protected] Eisenstein, Rick, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. [email protected] Farrell, David, 15 Bee St, Bardon, Queensland 4065, Australia. [email protected] Forbes, Kieran, Nutrition Services International, 211 Castle Road, Randalstown, BT41 2EB, UK. Forbes, J.M., School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. j.m.forbes@ leeds.ac.uk Fowler, Vernon, 1 Pittengullies Circle, Peterculter, Aberdeen, UK. [email protected] Frape, David, The Priory, Mildenhall, Suffolk IP28 7EE, UK. [email protected] Fuller, Malcolm F., 107 Quaker Path, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA. [email protected] Gardner, Dale R., USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, 1150E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA. Garnsworthy, P.C., School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK. [email protected] Gatlin, Delbert, III, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2258 TAMUS, College Station, TX 77843-2258, USA. [email protected] Goff, J.P., USDA – Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA50010, USA. Goodwill, Mark, Harbro Farm Sales Ltd, Tore Mill, Harbour Road, Inverness IV2 1UA, UK. [email protected] Gous, Rob, University of Natal, Post Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. [email protected] Groblewski, Guy, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. [email protected] Gunasekera, Rasanthi M., School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia. [email protected] Hardy, Ronald, Director, Hagerman Fish Culture Experimental Station, 3059F National Fish Hatchery Road, Hagerman, ID 83332, USA. [email protected] James, Lynn F., USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, 1150E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA. Jones, Raymond, Forage Conservation and Utilisation, Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK, [email protected] Kay, R.N.B., 386 North Deeside Road, Cults, Aberdeen AB15 9SS, UK. Lall, Santosh P., Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3M 3Z1. [email protected] 00EncofFarmAn Prels 23/4/04 9:45 Page ix Contributors ix Lee, Stephen, USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, 1150E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA. Lewis, Peter, Northcot, Cowdown Lane, Goodworth Clatford, Andover, Hants SP11 7HG, UK. [email protected] Lonsdale, C.R., 11 North Field Way, Appleton, Roebuck, Yorkshire YO5 7EA, UK. [email protected] Macleod, Murdo, Division of Integrative Biology, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK. [email protected] Malpass, Mark, 106 Kings Court, Ramsey, Isle of Man IM8 1LJ, UK. Margerison, Jean K., Seale-Hayne Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Land Use, University of Plymouth, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ12 6NQ, UK. [email protected] Marlett, J.A., Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. [email protected] Martin, Erica, Harper Adams University College, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK. [email protected] Maxwell, Martin, 15 Orchard Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2EP, UK. [email protected] McCracken, Kelvin J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Queen’s University, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland. [email protected] McLean, John, 124 Bentinck Drive, Troon, Ayrshire KA10 6JB, UK. jmclean@bentinck 124.fsnet.co.uk Milley, Joyce, Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Canada B3H 3Z1. [email protected] Mitchell, Malcolm, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK. [email protected] Morrow, Alan, ABNA Ltd, PO Box 250, Oundle Road, Peterborough PE2 9QF, UK. amor- [email protected] Moss, Bruce, Food Science Division, Dept of Agriculture and Rural Development, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland. Mould, Fergus, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 236, Reading RG6 2AT, UK. Murray, I., SAC – Aberdeen, Ferguson Building, Craibstone, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, UK. [email protected] Nanton, Dominic, Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Canada B3H 3Z1. [email protected] Nixey, Cliff, British United Turkeys Ltd, Hockenhull Hall, Tarvin, Chester, Cheshire CH3 8LU, UK. [email protected] Olson, John D., USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, 1150E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA. Owen, Emyr, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 236, Reading RG6 2AT, UK. [email protected] Palmquist, Donald L., Department of Animal Sciences, OARDC/OSU, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA. [email protected] Panter, Kip E., USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, 1150E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA. Peterson, R.N.B., Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, St Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada E5B 2L9. [email protected] Pfister, James A., USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, 1150E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA. Phillips, Clive J.C., University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Sciences, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia. [email protected] 00EncofFarmAn Prels 22/4/04 10:18 Page x x Contributors Pittman, Karin, Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway. [email protected] Ralphs, M.H., USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, 1150E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA. [email protected] Reed, Jess, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. [email protected] Reeves, Philip G., USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA. [email protected] Reynolds, L., Manor Farmhouse, Huish Champflower, Taunton, Somerset TA4 2EY, UK. [email protected] Robinson, J.J., Scottish Agricultural College, Animal Biology Division, Ferguson Building, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9YA, UK. [email protected] Rose, S. Paul, Harper Adams Agricultural College, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK. [email protected] Russel, A.J.F., Newton Bank, Frankscroft, Peebles EH45 9DX, UK. [email protected] Savory, John, National Centre for Poultry Studies, Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HW, UK. [email protected] Scaife, J.R., Department of Agriculture, University of Aberdeen, 581 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5UA, UK. [email protected] Scarratt, David J., RR No. 3, Bridgetown, Nova Scotia, Canada B0S 1C0. scarratt@ ns.sympatico.ca Schaefer, D.M., Animal Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1284, USA. [email protected] Sinclair, K.D., School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK. [email protected] Smith, A.J. (Tony), CTVM, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. [email protected] Smith, W. Kingsley, Nuffield House, 61A Cowley Drive, Cambridge, New Zealand. [email protected] Smith, Tim, 27 Marlborough Avenue, Reading RG1 5JB, UK. Soares, Joseph, Jr, University of Maryland, 2131 Animal Sciences Center, College Park, MD 20742, USA. [email protected] Sparks, Nick, Avian Science Research Centre, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK. [email protected] Speare, David, Fish Pathology Department, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada C1A 4P3. [email protected] Stegelmeier, Bryan L., USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, 1150E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA. Suttie, John, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53076, USA. [email protected] van Milgen, Jaap, Station de Recherches Porcines, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 35590 St Gilles, France. [email protected] Ward, W.R., Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Wirral L64 7TE, UK. Wilkinson, J.M., Centre for Animal Sciences, Leeds Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture, Irene Manton Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. j.m.wilkin- [email protected] Wiseman, Julian, Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK. [email protected]
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