The dark web: breakthroughs in research and practice PDF
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Critical Explorations 1 f .m >jr >* r ;i The Dark Web: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice Information Resources Management Association USA IGIGlobalss DISSEMINATOR OF KNOWLEDGE Published in the United States of America by IGI Global Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA, USA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com Copyright © 2018 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Information Resources Management Association, editor. Title: The dark web: breakthroughs in research and practice / Information Resources Management Association, editor. Description: Hershey, PA : Information Science Reference, [2018] Identifiers: LCCN 2017015184| ISBN 9781522531630 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781522531647 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Computer crimes. | Internet. | World Wide Web. Classification: LCC HV6773 .D37 2018 | DDC 364.16/8--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017015184 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. For electronic access to this publication, please contact: [email protected]. Editor-in-Chief MehdiKhosrow-Pour,DBA Information Resources Management Association, USA Associate Editors SteveClarke,University of Hull, UK MurrayE.Jennex,San Diego State University, USA AnnieBecker,Florida Institute of Technology, USA Ari-VeikkoAnttiroiko,University of Tampere, Finland Editorial Advisory Board SherifKamel,American University in Cairo, Egypt InLee,Western Illinois University, USA JerzyKisielnicki,Warsaw University, Poland AmarGupta,Arizona University, USA CraigvanSlyke,University of Central Florida, USA JohnWang,Montclair State University, USA VishanthWeerakkody,Brunel University, UK List of Contributors Álvarez, Víctor Manuel Prieto/University of A Coruña, Spain.......................................................84 Antunes, Adelaide Maria de Souza/National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Brazil & Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil...................................................................138 Bhatia, Komal Kumar/YMCA University of Science & Technology, India...............................65,319 Cambre, Maria-Carolina /King’s University College at Western University Ontario, Canada....290 Díaz, Manuel Álvarez/University of A Coruña, Spain......................................................................84 El Azab, Ahmed /Institute of Statistical Studies and Research, Egypt............................................227 El-Aziz, Abd /Institute of Statistical Studies and Research, Egypt..................................................227 Flor, Alexander G./University of the Philippines (Open University), Philippines............................37 Gonzalez-Flor, Benjamina /University of the Philippines – Los Baños, Philippines.......................37 Gupta, Sonali /YMCA University of Science & Technology, India....................................................65 Hai-Jew, Shalin /Kansas State University, USA..............................................................................255 Holland, James /University of Kent, UK.............................................................................................1 James, Mark /University of Kent, UK.................................................................................................1 Kaczmarek, Tomasz /Poznań University of Economics, Poland....................................................175 Kalpana, R. /Pondicherry Engineering College, India...................................................................199 Lima de Magalhães, Jorge /Ministry of Health, Brazil & Aix-Marseille Université, France........138 Mahmood, Mahmood A./Institute of Statistical Studies and Research, Egypt...............................227 Mendes, Flavia Maria Lins/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.....................................138 Pina, Afroditi /University of Kent, UK................................................................................................1 Quoniam, Luc /Aix-Marseille Université, France...........................................................................138 Ranjan, Sudhakar /Apeejay Stya University, India........................................................................319 Richet, Jean-Loup /University of Nantes, France.............................................................................51 Schumacher, Suzanne de Oliveira Rodrigues/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil........138 Seijo, Fidel Cacheda/University of A Coruña, Spain........................................................................84 Sharma, A. K./YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, India..............114,334,359 Sharma, Dilip Kumar/G.L.A. Institute of Technology and Management, Mathura, India................................................................................................................................114,334,359 Stacey, Emily /Swansea University, UK.............................................................................................18 Umamageswari, B. /New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and Technology, India.....199 Węckowski, Dawid Grzegorz/Poznań University of Economics, Poland.......................................175 Table of Contents Preface.................................................................................................................................................viii Section 1 Cyber Crime and Security Chapter 1 TheMalevolentSideofRevengePornProclivity:DarkPersonalityTraitsandSexistIdeology...........1 Afroditi Pina, University of Kent, UK James Holland, University of Kent, UK Mark James, University of Kent, UK Chapter 2 ContemporaryTerrorontheNet...........................................................................................................18 Emily Stacey, Swansea University, UK Chapter 3 DysfunctionalDigitalDemeanors:TalesFrom(andPolicyImplicationsof)eLearning’s DarkSide..............................................................................................................................................37 Alexander G. Flor, University of the Philippines (Open University), Philippines Benjamina Gonzalez-Flor, University of the Philippines – Los Baños, Philippines Chapter 4 HowtoBecomeaCybercriminal?AnExplanationofCybercrimeDiffusion.....................................51 Jean-Loup Richet, University of Nantes, France Section 2 Data Mining and Analysis Chapter 5 OptimalQueryGenerationforHiddenWebExtractionThroughResponseAnalysis.........................65 Sonali Gupta, YMCA University of Science & Technology, India Komal Kumar Bhatia, YMCA University of Science & Technology, India Chapter 6 TheEvolutionofthe(Hidden)WebandItsHiddenData....................................................................84 Manuel Álvarez Díaz, University of A Coruña, Spain Víctor Manuel Prieto Álvarez, University of A Coruña, Spain Fidel Cacheda Seijo, University of A Coruña, Spain Chapter 7 DeepWebInformationRetrievalProcess:ATechnicalSurvey.........................................................114 Dilip Kumar Sharma, G.L.A. Institute of Technology and Management, Mathura, India A. K. Sharma, YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, India Chapter 8 TheContributionofInformationScienceThroughIntellectualPropertytoInnovationinthe BrazilianHealthSector.......................................................................................................................138 Adelaide Maria de Souza Antunes, National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Brazil & Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil Flavia Maria Lins Mendes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Suzanne de Oliveira Rodrigues Schumacher, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Luc Quoniam, Aix-Marseille Université, France Jorge Lima de Magalhães, Ministry of Health, Brazil & Aix-Marseille Université, France Chapter 9 HarvestingDeepWebDataThroughProduserInvolvement..............................................................175 Tomasz Kaczmarek, Poznań University of Economics, Poland Dawid Grzegorz Węckowski, Poznań University of Economics, Poland Chapter 10 WebHarvesting:WebDataExtractionTechniquesforDeepWebPages..........................................199 B. Umamageswari, New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and Technology, India R. Kalpana, Pondicherry Engineering College, India Chapter 11 EffectivenessofWebUsageMiningTechniquesinBusinessApplication.........................................227 Ahmed El Azab, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research, Egypt Mahmood A. Mahmood, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research, Egypt Abd El-Aziz, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research, Egypt Section 3 Online Identity Chapter 12 InPlaintext:ElectronicProfilinginPublicOnlineSpaces.................................................................255 Shalin Hai-Jew, Kansas State University, USA Chapter 13 BecomingAnonymous:APoliticsofMasking..................................................................................290 Maria-Carolina Cambre, King’s University College at Western University Ontario, Canada Section 4 Web Crawling Chapter 14 DesignofaLeastCost(LC)VerticalSearchEngineBasedonDomainSpecificHiddenWeb Crawler................................................................................................................................................319 Sudhakar Ranjan, Apeejay Stya University, India Komal Kumar Bhatia, YMCA University of Science & Technology, India Chapter 15 ANovelArchitectureforDeepWebCrawler.....................................................................................334 Dilip Kumar Sharma, Shobhit University, India A. K. Sharma, YMCA University of Science and Technology, India Chapter 16 SearchEngine:ABackboneforInformationExtractioninICTScenario..........................................359 Dilip Kumar Sharma, Shobhit University, India A. K. Sharma, YMCA University of Science and Technology, India Index...................................................................................................................................................375 viii Preface TheconstantlychanginglandscapesurroundingtheDarkWebmakesitchallengingforexpertsand practitionerstostayinformedofthefield’smostup-to-dateresearch.ThatiswhyIGIGlobalispleased toofferthisone-volumecomprehensivereferencecollectionthatwillempowerstudents,researchers,and academicianswithastrongunderstandingofthesecriticalissuesbyprovidingbothbroadanddetailed perspectivesoncutting-edgetheoriesanddevelopments.Thiscompilationisdesignedtoactasasingle referencesourceonconceptual,methodological,andtechnicalaspects,aswellastoprovideinsightinto emergingtrendsandfutureopportunitieswithinthediscipline. The Dark Web: Breakthroughs in Research and Practiceisorganizedintofoursectionsthatprovide comprehensivecoverageofimportanttopics.Thesectionsare: 1. CyberCrimeandSecurity 2. DataMiningandAnalysis 3. OnlineIdentity 4. WebCrawling Thefollowingparagraphsprovideasummaryofwhattoexpectfromthisinvaluablereferencesource: Section1,“CyberCrimeandSecurity,”opensthisextensivereferencesourcebyhighlightingthe latestdevelopmentsincriminalactivityinthecybersphere.Throughperspectivesononlineterrorism, cyberbullying,andpolicyimplementation,thissectiondemonstratesemergingtrendsincybercrime.The presentedresearchfacilitatesabetterunderstandingofcriminalactivityindigitalsettings. Section2,“DataMiningandAnalysis,”includeschaptersonstrategiesforextractingdigitaldataand information.IncludingdiscussionsontheHiddenWeb,informationretrieval,andtheDeepWeb,this sectionpresentsresearchonemergingtrendsinharvestingdigitalinformation.Thisinclusiveinforma- tionassistsinadvancingcurrentpracticesindataminingandanalysistechniques. Section3,“OnlineIdentity,”presentscoverageonthecreationandprotectionofdigitalidentitiesin modernsociety.Throughinnovativediscussionsonelectronicprofiling,anonymity,andonlinecommuni- ties,thissectionhighlightsthechanginglandscapeofidentityindigitalenvironments.Theseinclusive perspectivescontributetotheavailableknowledgeonvirtualsettingsandpersonalidentification. Section4,“WebCrawling,”discussescoverageandresearchperspectivesonInternetbrowsers. Throughanalysesonsearchengines,informationextraction,andDeepWebcrawling,thissectioncon- tainspivotalinformationonthelatestdevelopmentsinwebcrawlers.Thepresentedresearchfacilitatesa comprehensiveunderstandingofhowemerginginnovationsareoptimizingsearchenginearchitectures. Preface Althoughtheprimaryorganizationofthecontentsinthisworkisbasedonitsfoursections,offering aprogressionofcoverageoftheimportantconcepts,methodologies,technologies,applications,social issues,andemergingtrends,thereadercanalsoidentifyspecificcontentsbyutilizingtheextensive indexingsystemlistedattheend. AsacomprehensivecollectionofresearchonthelatestfindingsrelatedtoThe Dark Web: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice,thispublicationprovidesresearchers,practitioners,andallaudienceswitha completeunderstandingofthedevelopmentofapplicationsandconceptssurroundingthesecriticalissues. ix
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