The Culture of Mental Illness and Psychiatric Practice in Africa PDF
Preview The Culture of Mental Illness and Psychiatric Practice in Africa
The Culture of Mental Illness and Psychiatric Practice in Africa This page intentionally left blank The Culture of Mental Illness and Psychiatric Practice in Africa Edited by Emmanuel Akyeampong, Allan G. Hill, and Arthur Kleinman Indiana University Press Bloomington and Indianapolis This book is a publication of Indiana University Press Office of Scholarly Publishing Herman B Wells Library 350 1320 East 10th Street Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA iupress.indiana.edu © 2015 by Indiana University Press All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo copying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions con- stitutes the only exception to this prohibition. ∞ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum require- ments of the American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1992. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The culture of mental illness and psychiatric practice in Africa / edited by Emmanuel Akyeampong, Allan G. Hill, and Arthur Kleinman. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-253-01286-9 (cl : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-253-01293-7 (pb : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-253-01304-0 (eb) I. Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku, editor. II. Hill, Allan G., editor. III. Kleinman, Arthur, editor. [DNLM: 1. Mental Disorders—Africa. 2. Cultural Characteristics— Africa. 3. Health Care Reform—methods—Africa. 4. Socioeconomic Factors—Africa. WM 140] RC451.A43 362.196890096—dc23 2014047048 1 2 3 4 5 20 19 18 17 16 15 To all those who suffer from mental illness in Africa and their caregivers (professionals and families) This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Culture, Mental Illness, and Psychiatric Practice in Africa · Emmanuel Akyeampong, Allan G. Hill, and Arthur Kleinman 1 1 A Historical Overview of Psychiatry in Africa Emmanuel Akyeampong 24 2 Common Mental Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Triad of Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization Vikram Patel and Dan J. Stein 50 3 Schizophrenia and Psychosis in West Africa · Ursula M. Read, Victor C. K. Doku, and Ama de-Graft Aikins 73 4 Mental Illness and Destitution in Ghana: A Social- Psychological Perspective · Ama de-Graft Aikins 112 5 Children and Adolescent Mental Health in South Africa · Alan Flisher, Andrew Dawes, Zuhayr Kafaar, Crick Lund, Katherine Sorsdahl, Bronwyn Myers, Rita Thom, and Soraya Seedat 144 6 Some Aspects of Mental Illness in French-Speaking West Africa · René Collignon 163 7 Women’s Self-Reported Mental Health in Accra, Ghana Allan G. Hill and Victoria de Menil 186 8 One Thing Leads to Another: Sex, AIDS, and Mental Health Reform in South Africa · Pamela Y. Collins 204 9 Health Care Professionals’ Mental Health and Well-Being in the Era of HIV/AIDS: Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa · Giuseppe Raviola 223 10 The Role of Traditional Healers in Mental Health Care in Africa · Elialilia Okello and Seggane Musisi 249 11 Improving Access to Psychiatric Medicines in Africa · Shoba Raja, Sarah Kippen Wood, and Michael R. Reich 262 12 Child Soldiers and Community Reconciliation in Postwar Sierra Leone: African Psychiatry in the Twenty-First Century · William P. Murphy 282 13 Using Mixed Methods to Plan and Evaluate Mental Health Programs for War-Affected Children in Sub-Saharan Africa · Theresa Betancourt 311 Contributors 333 Index 337 Acknowledgments T he editors acknowledge with gratitude sponsorship from the Commit- tee on Af rican Studies at Harvard University and the Michael Crichton Fund of the Harvard Medical School, which funded the December 2006 international workshop on African psychiatry. The following provided invaluable assistance in the preparation of the manuscript: Olufolakemi Alalade, Marty Alexander, Marilyn Goodrich, Bridget Hanna, Emily Harrison, Richard Landrigan, Maria Stalford, and Liang “Moses” Xu. ix
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