The Companions of the Prophet: A Study of Geographical Distribution and Political Alignments (Islamic History and Civilization)

541 Pages·2003·9.33 MB·English

by  Fuad Jabali

THE COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET
ISLAMIC HISTORY
AND CIVILIZATION
STUDIES AND TEXTS
edited by
WADAD KADI
AND
ROTRAUD WIELANDT
VOLUME 47
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THE COMPANIONS OF THE
PROPHET
A Study of Geographical Distribution
and Political Alignments
BY
FU’AD JABALI
BRILL
LEIDEN (cid:127)BOSTON
2003
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Jabali, Fu’ad.
The companions of the prophet : a study of geographical distribution and political
alignments / by Fu'ad Jabali.
p. cm. -- (Islamic history and civilization. Studies and texts, ISSN 0929-2403 ; v. 47)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 90-04-12923-5
1. MuÈammad. Prophet, d. 632--Companions--Biography. 2.
Hadith--Authorities--Biography. 3. Islamic Empire--History--622-750. 4. Islamic
Empire--History--750-1258. 5. Islam and politics--Islamic Empire. 6. Islamic
Empire--Politics and government. I. Title. II. Series.
BP75.5.J32 2003
297.6’48--dc21
2002044051
ISSN 0929-2403
ISBN 90 04 12923 5
© Copyright 2003 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written
permission from the publisher.
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Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910
Danvers MA 01923, USA.
Fees are subject to change.
printed in the netherlands
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v
baktos abdi
kanggo ema Siti Nurrahmat
miwah bapa Amun Ma"mun
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vii
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ...................................................................... ix
Abbreviations .............................................................................. xi
Notes on Transliteration ............................................................ xiii
Tables .......................................................................................... xv
Chapter One: Introduction ........................................................ 1
1. Aim .................................................................................... 1
2. Stage of Current Research .............................................. 5
3. Sources and Method ........................................................ 9
A. Sources .......................................................................... 9
B. Method .......................................................................... 25
Chapter Two: The Genesis of the Companions .................... 41
1. Definition ............................................................................ 41
2. Muslim Views on the Companions ................................ 67
Chapter Three: Geographical Distribution .............................. 84
1. Expressions of Geographical Location ............................ 85
2. Motives for Settlement ...................................................... 94
3. Centers of Geographical Distribution .............................. 110
A. Basra ............................................................................ 118
B. Kufa .............................................................................. 122
C. Syria .............................................................................. 126
D. Egypt ............................................................................ 133
Chapter Four: Centers of Distribution during the Fitna ........ 137
1. The Arena .......................................................................... 137
2. The Fitna .......................................................................... 151
3. Attitudes .............................................................................. 156
Chapter Five: Conclusion .......................................................... 183
Bibliography ................................................................................ 187
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viii 
Appendices
Preface to Appendices ................................................................ 197
Appendix I (The Companions Who Lived in Basra) ............ 200
Appendix II (The Companions Who Lived in Kufa) ............ 254
Appendix III (The Companions Who Lived in Syria) .......... 314
Appendix IV (The Companions Who Lived in
Damascus) ................................................................................ 378
Appendix V (The Companions Who Lived in Hims) ............ 386
Appendix VI (The Companions Who Lived in Palestine) .... 404
Appendix VII (The Companions Who Lived in Egypt) ........ 410
Appendix VIII (The Attitudes of the Companions
at Íiffìn) .................................................................................. 454
Index ............................................................................................ 515
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ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This book has its own history. It all started when the Indonesia
Canada Islamic Higher Education Project—a program that, through
the cooperation of people in both countries has, among other things,
offered many young Indonesian scholars the chance to improve their
academic qualifications—decided to offer me a scholarship to study
at the Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal. There,
particularly in its library, I spent some of the best years in my life.
There I also met my new Indonesian friends, to whom I would turn
when homesick for Indonesia. To them I would turn as well on
moving days, when I had so many boxes of books to be carried!
While the UIN (Universitas Islam Negeri, State Islamic University)
Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta kindly allowed me to leave my duties
there to pursue my research, Professor Donald P. Little, during the
period of my study at the Institute, kindly opened my eyes wider
and gave more life to my imagination. He is also the one who kept
encouraging me to publish this work. Knowing that I was quite hes-
itant to do so, he shared with me a piece of advice that his own
supervisor, the late Gustave von Grunebaum, gave him: “Don’t be
afraid of publishing your work just because you think that people
will criticize you. Look, what happened to Jesus!” Come what may!
Luckily for me, Prof. Wadad Kadi, gave me a foretaste of this
criticism, and at an opportune moment. She kindly read the whole
manuscript, showed me the drawbacks of the study, and nonethe-
less demonstrated her interest in publishing it in the IHC series. I
derived much benefit from her comments and suggestions. Ms. Trudy
Kamperveen of Brill has also been extremely helpful and patient in
assisting me in this project.
I visited Ben Anderson a couple of times at his home in Ithaca.
While my original intention was actually to ask questions concern-
ing his Imagined Communities, he also led me somewhere else: to the
farms where we walked one afternoon, to issues of history, and finally
to his sister and brother Melanie and Perry in London, whose home
became my asylum during my research there, and who likewise
played a role in the making of this book. Etan Kohlberg was kind
enough to lend me a copy of his dissertation. And if my readers