The Civilising Mission and the English Middle Class, 1792–1850: The ‘Heathen’ at Home and Overseas PDF
Preview The Civilising Mission and the English Middle Class, 1792–1850: The ‘Heathen’ at Home and Overseas
The Civilising Mission and the English Middle Class, 1792–1850 The ‘Heathen’ at Home and Overseas Alison Twells The Civilising Mission and the English Middle Class, 1792–1850 AlsobyAlisonTwells BRITISHWOMEN’SHISTORY:ADocumentaryHistoryfromtheEnlightenment toWorldWarI The Civilising Mission and the English Middle Class, 1792–1850 The ‘Heathen’ at Home and Overseas Alison Twells PrincipalLecturerinHistory,SheffieldHallamUniversity,UK ©AlisonTwells2009 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-1-4039-2040-9 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6-10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedherrighttobeidentified astheauthorofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2009by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-51467-0 ISBN 978-0-230-23472-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230234727 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Twells,Alison. ThecivilisingmissionandtheEnglishmiddleclass,1792–1850:the“heathen” athomeandoverseas/AlisonTwells. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferences. ISBN-13:978–1–4039–2040–9(hardback) ISBN-10:1–4039–2040–0(hardback) 1. Missions—England—History—18thcentury. 2. Missions—England— History—19thcentury. 3. Missions,English—History—18thcentury. 4. Missions,English—History—19thcentury. 5. England—Churchhistory— 18thcentury. 6. England—Churchhistory—19thcentury. 7. Middle class—England—History—18thcentury. 8. Middleclass—England— History—19thcentury. I. Title. BV2863.T942008 266(cid:2).02342—dc22 2008030096 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 For my mother, Jean Powditch, and in memory of my grandmother, Helen Twells This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofFigures x Acknowledgements xi ListofAbbreviations xiv Introduction: The Missionary Movement, the Local andtheGlobal 1 Themiddleclassandthecivilisingmission 4 Womenandmissionaryphilanthropy 7 Missions,powerandcolonialism 10 The ‘heathen’ at home and overseas: issues of race andclass 12 TheBibleandculturalhistory 16 Thelocal,thenationalandtheglobal 20 1 ‘One Blood’: The ‘Heathen’ at Home and Overseas in Late-Eighteenth and Early-Nineteenth-Century Missions 25 ‘Like Cherokees and Mohawks, but more wicked’: earlyMethodistmissions 27 OldDissentand‘alltheworld’ 30 Themissionaryimpulse:collaborationsandconflicts 34 ‘AsortofBotanyBayexperiment’:HannahMoreand themissionarysolution 37 PhilanthropicwomenandtheCorpusChristianum 43 Conclusion 50 2 Charity Begun at Home: Missionary Philanthropy andtheNewMiddleClassinSheffield 52 Middle-classmenandphilanthropicnetworks 54 Themonitorialsystemandglobalcivilisation 64 Women,domesticreformandthevisitingsystem 69 vii viii Contents Womenandthemissionarypublic 76 Conclusion 81 3 MissionaryDomesticityand‘Woman’sSphere’: TheReadsofWincobankHall 83 Making Christian children: the evangelical mother’s mission 86 HappyEnglishchildrenandthe‘heathenother’ 89 Missionarydomesticity:WincobankHall 99 Missionarydomesticityandwoman’ssphere 103 Missionarymothersandpublicmen 110 Conclusion 112 4 ‘BringingabouttheWorld’sRestoration’: MissionaryWomenandtheCreationofa GlobalChristianCommunity 115 MissionarywomenandglobalChristianity 118 HannahKilham’sdomesticmission 123 Wretchedcabins,littlepalaces:domesticreform inIreland 127 Africanhuts:GambiaandSierraLeone,1823–1832 133 Conclusion 142 5 TremblingPhilanthropists?Missionary PhilanthropyunderPressure 144 Littleblackclimbingboys:theearlyevangelical critiqueofoverseasmissions 146 A‘repugnantperversionoftraditionalChristian values’:politicaleconomy,Christianityand civilisation 154 ‘Pluckoutfirstthebeamoutofthineowneye’: missionarypriorities 156 Medicalmen,phrenologyandthechallenge ofscience 161 SecularknowledgeandtheMechanics’ Institute 165 The‘wantsofmankindathome’:‘physical civilisation’anddomesticmissions 168 Conclusion 175 Contents ix 6 ‘AChristianandCivilizedLand’:TheEnglish MissionaryPublicandtheSouthPacific 178 ‘A moral miracle’: evangelical representations of the SouthPacific 180 ‘Nothingbehindourowncountrymen’:God’sfamily on earth 192 Missionarydisappointmentsandanxietiesof conversion 198 ‘Theassociationsawakenedbytheirpresence’: England’scivilisation 205 Conclusion 209 Conclusions 211 Notes 220 Bibliography 292 Index 338
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