The Cambridge World History, Volume 2: A World with Agriculture, 12,000 BCE–500 CE

669 Pages·2015·26.2 MB·English

by  Graeme Barker

the cambridge world history
*
VOLUME II
The development of agriculture has often been described as the
mostimportantchangeinallofhumanhistory.VolumeIIofThe
Cambridge World History explores the origins and impact of agri-
culture and agricultural communities, and also discusses issues
associated with pastoralism and hunter-fisher-gatherer econo-
mies. To capture the patterns of this key change across the
globe, the volume uses an expanded timeframe from 12,000 BCE
to500CE,beginningwiththeNeolithicandcontinuingintolater
periods. Scholars from a range of disciplines, including archaeol-
ogy, historical linguistics, biology, anthropology, and history,
trace common developments in the more complex social struc-
tures and cultural forms that agriculture enabled, such as seden-
tary villages and more elaborate foodways, and then present a
seriesofregionaloverviewsaccompaniedbydetailedcasestudies
frommanydifferentpartsoftheworld,includingSouthwestAsia,
South Asia, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and the Pacific, sub-
SaharanAfrica,theAmericas,andEurope.
GRAEME BARKERisEmeritusDisneyProfessorofarchaeology,Senior
Fellow of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, and
ProfessorialFellow,StJohn’sCollegeattheUniversityofCambridge.
HeistheauthorofTheAgriculturalRevolutioninPrehistoryandPrehistoric
FarminginEurope(CambridgeUniversityPress,1985).
CANDICE GOUCHER is a professor of history at Washington State
University.WithLinda Walton, shepublishedseveralworldhistory
textbooks,includingthesecondeditionofWorldHistory:Journeysfrom
Past to Present, and was co-lead scholar on the multimedia project
BridgingWorldHistory.
the cambridge world history
The Cambridge World History is an authoritative new
fi
overview of the dynamic eld of world history. It covers
the whole of human history, not simply history since the
developmentofwrittenrecords,inanexpandedtimeframe
that represents the latest thinking in world and global
history. With over two hundred essays, it is the most
comprehensive account yet of the human past, and it
draws on a broad international pool of leading academics
fl
from a wide range of scholarly disciplines. Re ecting the
increasing awareness that world history can be examined
through many different approaches and at varying
geographic and chronological scales, each volume offers
regional, topical, and comparative essays alongside case
studies that provide depth of coverage to go with the
breadth of vision that is the distinguishing characteristic
of world history.
Editor-in-chief
MERRY E. WIESNER-HANKS,DepartmentofHistory,
UniversityofWisconsin-Milwaukee
EditorialBoard
GRAEME BARKER,DepartmentofArchaeology,
CambridgeUniversity
CRAIG BENJAMIN,DepartmentofHistory,
GrandValleyStateUniversity
JERRY BENTLEY,DepartmentofHistory,UniversityofHawaii
DAVID CHRISTIAN,DepartmentofModernHistory,
MacquarieUniversity
ROSS DUNN,DepartmentofHistory,
SanDiegoStateUniversity
CANDICE GOUCHER,DepartmentofHistory,
WashingtonStateUniversity
MARNIE HUGHES-WARRINGTON,DepartmentofModernHistory,
MonashUniversity
ALAN KARRAS,InternationalandAreaStudiesProgram,
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley
BENJAMIN Z. KEDAR,DepartmentofHistory,
HebrewUniversity
JOHN R. MCNEILL,SchoolofForeignServiceand
DepartmentofHistory,GeorgetownUniversity
KENNETH POMERANZ,DepartmentofHistory,UniversityofChicago
VERENE SHEPHERD,DepartmentofHistory,
UniversityoftheWestIndies
SANJAY SUBRAHMANYAM,DepartmentofHistory,
UCLAandCollègedeFrance
KAORU SUGIHARA,DepartmentofEconomics,KyotoUniversity
MARCEL VAN DER LINDEN,InternationalInstituteofSocialHistory,
Amsterdam
Q. EDWARD WANG,DepartmentofHistory,RowanUniversity
NORMAN YOFFEE,DepartmentofNearEasternStudiesand
Anthropology,UniversityofMichigan;
InstitutefortheStudyoftheAncientWorld,NewYorkUniversity

THE CAMBRIDGE WORLD HISTORY
*
VOLUME II
A World with Agriculture,
12,000 – 500
BCE CE
*
Edited by
GRAEME BARKER
University of Cambridge
and
CANDICE GOUCHER
Washington State University
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Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521192187
©CambridgeUniversityPress2015
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Firstpublished2015
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Contents
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List of gures xi
List of maps xxi
List of tables xxiii
List of contributors xxv
Preface xxvii
1 · Introduction: a world with agriculture 1
graeme barker and candice goucher
2 · Archaeogenetics 26
maria pala, pedro soares, gyaneshwer chaubey, and martin
b. richards
3 · Agricultural origins: what linguistic evidence reveals 55
christopher ehret
4 · Whatdidagriculturedoforus?Thebioarchaeologyofhealthanddiet 93
charlotte roberts
5 · Communities 124
amy bogaard
6 · Pastoralism 161
alan k. outram
7 · Agriculture and urbanism 186
daphne e. gallagher and roderick j. mcintosh
vii
Contents
8 · Early agriculture in Southwest Asia 210
alan h. simmons
9 · ’Ain Ghazal, Jordan 243
gary o. rollefson
10 · Early agriculture in South Asia 261
eleanor kingwell-banham, cameron a. petrie, and dorian
q. fuller
11 · Mehrgarh, Pakistan 289
cameron a. petrie
12 · Early agriculture in China 310
xinyi liu, dorian q. fuller, and martin jones
13 · Xinglonggou, China 335
xinyi liu, zhijun zhao, and guoxiang liu
14 · Early agriculture in Japan 353
simon kaner and ken’ichi yano
15 · The Nara basin paddies, Japan 387
ken’ichi okada (translated by simon kaner)
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16 · Early agriculture in Southeast Asia and the Paci c 411
huw barton
17 · Swamp cultivators at Kuk, New Guinea 445
tim denham
18 · Early agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa to c. 500 CE 472
paul j. lane
19 · The Tichitt tradition in the West African Sahel 499
kevin c. macdonald
20 · Early agriculture in the Americas 514
deborah m. pearsall
viii
Contents
21 · Nanchoc valley, Peru 539
tom d. dillehay
22 · Early agricultural society in Europe 555
alasdair whittle
23 · Pioneer farmers at Brzes´c´ Kujawski, Poland 589
peter bogucki and ryszard grygiel
Index 612
ix