The Battle for Rama (Case of the Temple at Ayodhya)

97 Pages·2017·26.223 MB·English

by  Meenakshi Jain

ThBea ttfloer
Casoeft hTee mpaltAe y odhya
MeenaJksahiin
AryaBno okIsn ternational
NewD elhi
ScanwnieCtdah m Scanner
THE13 A1LTEF RA l\R1A
J.'f lheTempleaat Ayodh Contents
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!l'crlakshJia in2,0 17 Lisoft 1 l/11stratio11s vii
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,I n �-hnc .' rYedo.p .iorftt hbioso mka yb er eprodourced
1.I ntroduction I
IT.mmmu ttt-d. rmm y1 o rb ya nym eanesl,e ctarnodn ic
ml'\.--haJlmi. n clupdhiontgo croepcyo,r odria nngy o ther 2.B abiunrA yodhya 11
inform$Jtrti ao.ignne rd e lTsiyesvto;ierlom t herwwiitsheo,u t
3.A ccouonfFt osr eTirgna vealnlde rs 17
wntten permissionf rotmha eu thaonrdt hpeu blisher.
BritiAsdhm inistrators
D1.cl.l·r .a:Th e, ieawnscd o ntoeftn htsbe o oakr seo loefl y 4.A ttemtpoRt esc lSaaimc rSepda ces '.>4
thea thuorTh.e p ublrim sahyne ostu bsctroti hbeem .
5.M uslSiomu rocnRae msj anmabhumi/MBaasjbirid4 8
6.Th e ConfliacttA yodhDyoacu mented 53
Firsptu bli2s0h1e7d : 7,L efHti stoInritaenrvse ne 78
Repriinn2t 0e2bd0y 8.H induS ourocneR sa mWao rshainpd 88
AryBaono kIsn ternaalt ion theJ anmabTheummpil e
Poo,aAp artments4.BAn ,s aRroiaN de,Dw e lOh0 i0-(21 Ia1n) di 9.P ilBlaasr-e tsh Fei rArscth aeoloEgviicdaeln ce9-l
Tet2 37285892,3 255F7a9x:l9 -l;9l-3 2 270385 10A. GahadaInsvcarliap Rtecioonv earnedd 103
E-maairyla:n [email protected] TreKlaaTI 1akRue-rd iscovered
www .ryaabnoosk.omc 11L.e fHti stoarnidta hnAesS RIe port 116
ABI P n!ngntsed &a PdnublP rihinnisetgCd io nl.N dn,ewi b aDy eh li C NTENTS I V
ScannweidtC ha mScanner
I2 .oN M ention Boafb Mria sjini dt heR evenue 136
Reocdrs
13Th.e AllaabhaHdi gCho urt Judgmeento n the 140
Ramjarunabhumi/aBbriM asjCiadse
SelBeicbtl iograplty 147
Index 157
Lsiotf Il lusotnrsa ti
E,l"------c
1.A vieowf A yodhya,p aintingb yW illiam Hodges,1 785.
2.The AlamgiriM osque atA yodhwyhiach stanodnls a nd
in possessioofnH anumanG arhsii n1c7e6 5.
3.B abrMia sjiAdy,odh ya.
4.B aburm'oss quaetP anipat.
5. MHiinrd uBe g'mso squaetSa .mbhal.
6.W ashd rawionfSag m bhamlo squeb yTh omasD aniell
andW illiDaamn ie1l7l8,9 .
7.Titlpea geo fS amuePlu rchabso'osk P,u rchHaiss
Pilgrimage.
8.T itplaeg oef d eLa et'bsoo k.
9.T itplaeg oef Th omasH erbebrto'osk .
IO.J osephT ieffentmhaapol fet rh'es GaanngdGes h aghara
rivers.
11.SketbcyhJ osepThi effenthaler.
12.SketbcyhJ osepThi effenthaler.
13.Sketbchy J osephT ieffenthaler.
14.S ketbcyhJose phT ieffenthaler.
15.SketbcyhJ osepThi effenthaler.
viI TH EB ATTL EF ORR AMA UST OF ILLUSTRNASITI v Oii
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117·. AP t adrir wacCa.kanm Cgel gt'fyhsm Ke;i J- psoif hA 1_•..ov hdaahn,y.1 7ttJm0eh p. i!?af etrit s 34h.Ria,lHm al;i.nm,Ldp n i.k shamsa nd eaptit chGteae ndd Mhaad hana
dWAUIpem • c1, oh i�loi0 tttn,ob o onygJpf rmtaJe Jhorb pPefttarh n hciK e�.ekd:p ein1 f_ V1ts� oc128h .61 aGl naywwt,tahemmp mpioel q uc 3365..AHSkacbmha.iraoKnR' oadasln m ,SgaL 1ir l7yack8,aoisb0 nhe.-.·mm1 .o7ua8,nt5aihl neog os fSsil aPa,h air
TF.h .GMe ra oJwJ' i\msln aotrthe,A/am1D 11n,p:Vi1 le rstitM nr·neJnoim:1i1 ic ,1p8ru82,.b lisihne d 37cT.oIRn,aseijmt srtoufoaci n" tncebisir eotpiannou d ttaeitmfAepDu1fd ll1o eR 4r"ra5 em cao.rtdhieng
201.1G,ocbn JiD e·t, epmlceo 'ne\ritnctdaom o suqeT.h e 38. TThreek laaT I1aiknusrc ription.
mrhrnilb olinet ov(pip .h obtyJo o hMnu rracy.1, 80 5). 39T.I1eV ishHnauri in scrirepctoivoiennr eatdfh tee rmath
21R.eprotf th e/ m1t1d,iorfA waddha t2e8dt Nho vmeber of6 tDhe cem1b9e9r2 .
t on1 11;mimnu dji an/ s BiadheMr aisi jd.
22.luhmJmJd1 \sgcohmaprl'aI oi f3n 0 tNho vember1 858 Some ffinrdotsmh AeS e!x cavaattBi aobnMrisa sjid
n/ u..--i,pnmud ij nas BiadheMr ais jid. 40G.lazwearde s herds.
2J.R epoofrt tht e/ 1ao1n1e cvdiacortf iS oink frhosm B ahri 41G.lazweadr lea rbgoew l.
lidl.. ji 42P.orcewlaarsiehn e rds.
24.2An d-c1esntt BuCrtEye rortatcfar oKma ushambi 43T.erragcoaltzteawd a re sherds.
h ""in Ravancaa rraywianSygi ta. 44S.proutpeodt .
25A. terrafciogtuftrraeo N ma chaKrhaea ,rw itthh e 45P.otfsr oKmu shpaenri od.
namReJ miJn scriinBb readh cmhia racotfet rhse 46. Lpeogr trieosntin gp eodne stal.
3rcde nturyCE. 47A. humalne tge,r racotta.
26T.errafcrooBtmht iat arsghaoowni nsgc eafn reo tmh e 48T.orosfoh umafni gure wuetatraintrigey rara,c otta.
Ranz1a1ya5a,thc enturyC Ep,r eseinnBt roloyk lMynu seum, 49. Mhaolled aip negr fodriastce,d terracotta.
U.S..A 50A. decorhautmeadhn e atde,r racotta.
27A.hlayoaf ferinfrugi ts Rlaom 5ath,c entCuE,ryD eogarh, 51H.umahne awdi tlha regaerrin gst,e rracotta.
presenlyit nN atiMounesaulm D,elhi . 52A.nimhaela d.
28.�amayasncae nfersot meh Durgtae mep,lA ihoel, 53G.enevriaelow fth ee xcavtarteendinc htheseso uthern
Kamataka. area.
2·9R amVaa,la in,d Sufgorrmti ehvP aa panattmehpal, e 54N.orth-osroiuetnhbt riecwdka lwli thp lastienrneedr
Kamataka. face.
3310SV..�rnRaw mraHc,<>ias ·ov,m y· gs a ba '1hl gnteaes(mm.vn p an)Hltrg aeoaHl, ane ubmiadnH. aJbe1d. 5556W..aPloiblftla htlseaeae tmrstp wialthce tdh oete chdoce ro aanrttchieetdmec ptufmorleraomalobri reyn rs .2
32.A deipcitoonfR a maf r omth Pea thtiarmbaat e·pm l'e northaerrne a.
Hampi. 57C.ircsuhlrairn e.
33.TheH aza.reRam at mepl,eH ampi. 58T.anlki sktruec tubreel Roawm Cah ab.utra
\'iiiITI-I EB ATTELF ORR AMA LISoT rfl..-LUTSRATIONSI
ScannweidtC ha mScanner
6S0 ·C.ol m•ocr u f ptoo fh d ,\ 1 " Ikn• r cnr a - t'tpl> 'Cr-ldtOws1 u tt seb1o'dllin anewI:!c a. lkl loplaf1ut rs hmeem.o d B qaucbn. .
M,Lji.d . .
I. 1G1/-1s11h1appicedtu itn tloa rbgnec pka ving.
1
B"'------1.C
Introduction
T
heh olinoefsA sy odhyaan di tisd entaistR ya ma's
birthpwlaasfrc eee layc knowleding seedv ePrearls ian
workisnt hmee dieevraaAl.b uFla zAll la(m1i5 51-1602),
offihciisatlo orfiE amnp erAokrb anro,t ethda tA yodhwyaas
regaradse" ds acrgerdo u"na dnd" ont hnei ntohft hlei ght
halofft hmeo ntohfC haitagr rae raetl igfieosutsii shv ealld ."
Ramaw asb orn" itnh ce ityo fA yodhy.a.e .s teemoendeo f
thheo lipelsatc oefas n tiqu(iAtyi"A1 k1b-alirl 3li3: 4 3,1 6-17).
Anothienrt erersetfienrgte ont cheje n nn11o1fRb a/m1a1 m1i
camef roams n1i1sun erdbl y t heM ughaalu thoriintJ iuelsy
1723A.k bahra dg rantseibd gi hnosfl antdoH anumaTni laat
Ayodhyoanl, h 1e3 tRha mzaonf1 00A8H ( 28Mtahr c1h6 010 ).
The sn1w1ansrr eln ewteodS adhAub hayaraDmaaso n8 th
Jul1y7 2b3y,t hSeu perinteonfEd nednotw menThtes w.r iter
oft hse n1s1tnadti endP ,e rsitahnah,te w asw ritinigtf rotmh e
"1111111/111o1f"R am(janT.1h e1E 1n1gl1i1s1hb /t1r1oa1fn1 s1la1t1i)o n
thse n1s1tnartle d,
Thiisns ignificawnhto i swn raittioevftre h, he o lpyl ace
whicihst hmen 11o/fR 1a1madis, r educiit(n tghs ea ninnd }
x Ilrl EB m EF ORR AM,\
INTRODUCTIONI
ScannweidtC ha mScanner
cwtIdnonh .dntsfm e · tgi . \trtv fhilm u'iteoa' p eopth ni r fenHh lo: 'r Dev . eiydinoo inr _ adn rgufe cuT e mtrdr'eI cJ ,h IO wi'on chstgm ie iripcrinwsIivah ttea ne ithiodsgagAtwaf ,rb its aht itnabhxhaftyi m deoaeageat r hdr!ome e f t d
Lsuorndt hIeJ LRahm 1nonf00 81A l1·l.. ,2 e, 8 tMha rc1h60 0
(Kun2J0I1-1 60:I5 -2).
Thef. i trd fmc'.ie 1 r cfe..."n rcteoL hJea 11am1s(b tihtraphl1cae
ofR am)aa l s om cf...ar m o aM cu Lismo rucOen.3 0thN ovember
..• . . ••
185t8h,Me u tawoaflB laibM rais pmd h,i fsi rpsetti inot to� e
Brihtg io vernmreenfte trotr hededi spustterdu rceat sMu ns1d1
Inn atmiisn u•n n;1d · an u bsequenta ppeoanl2 1sJtau nary 1807
asM nj iBda 1br1iWn qia JansmlaltTahneE. n gltirsahsn lianot of
hif irasptp esaaild ,
GhnPriabn mAra dil-e-SZaalmammS1ai /r ,
In ar ecienncti odneNeni th aSnigkr hei deonftP unbj a
Sikl..,hg1ao nv,e rnemmepnlto (yseiiecsc ) r eatriinoogtn
JanaSmt hMaanj isdi tteudia nO udh( Alladh Haibgah
Court Jupdagge2em3se0 n0tp- a1r233a1 7).2
Severwaolr ksi nA rabPiecr,s iaanndU, r dcuo mposiedn
thnei netceeenntutaryhl esxop lirceiftelrryet dhd eet moo lition
oft htee mpalnedi trse placebmyBe anbtrM ia sj(iNda arin
199136:- 3O7)n.es ucwho rwka st hJen nnnnll-tM aswln,M raitqi n
'a11-nNl1-1Mrn srlei-rtiAiqIt,-l Heid1Ji 1n dl-'-1A1ln tld-l Ja1is1,b1 y
MaulaHnaak iSma yyAibdda l-Hy.a ywIatst Tanslianttcod
UrdbuyM aL1lSahna.imT sa brKhiazn u,n dethret itHli11ed1 s1ta11
lslAn/m1i1d 1 1Icnai 1ni1 n.t roduLchatieuo tn,h oorn'M,sa ulnaa
AbuI -sHaan' Ali NaaldiaAawlsMii i asnt ated,
cbcTJAmi�t_n�ooeiyadnsuuioAln.at r�hfs r.tii iatosJWdentctk ew ie ?t �ieinlvttl hahftto_ren S,e1ai _RhefpGmg1 ,d3.lSilni ae, l o tT1 ibt sech 1dih.dSawk r ieimC.egne tragtw nah r ubh s,13s a aeoe amdb1Jea narnt co sah iddt osrscr ebgrte mc ieqo ra aThoelitdunepndi elmshto es.l rhwafyf io deAcieeato idk josatf b ratte lo houm no nryodeobi fbd gebahdeloui t dIy.th t htrinot hiaehe l ryt i ret
2 IT HEB Am llF OR RAMA
ScannweidtC ha mScanner
mosqautte h avetr pyl .iwcietc hh issetloeindn9e 2 A3l l
(Nar1a9i9n13 6:- 17).
13esmieddcise wvonrlki snP ersainadUn r dut,h ewraes
lhnco taabclceo ouftn htAe u strJieasnJu oiste,Tp ihe ffenU,aler
(1710-w1h7ot8 r5a)v,e tlhlreodAu wg.:ihd bhe twe1e7n6a 6n d
177H1e.w rote,
.h.e.rw ea s.h io uwshee rBee sc(hVains whansub o)rn i n
thfeo romfR a.m. .S.u bsequAeunrtelnygo zrBe abbee r,
accortdooit nhgeg rotsth, pi lsa rcaezi enod r dteodr e ntyh e
noblpeeo plteh,eo pportoufnp irtaycn tgit chieir
supers.t.(i.pt aigo3en5ss0 3p-a0r39a5 14 ).
AfttehrBe r ittiaskhe oovfAe wra dha,lo lf firceicaolr ds
andd istgraizcett toefte hrceso lonSilaalt e awlesroe
unanimtohuaBsta bMrais joicdc uptihesedi otfet htee mple.
'�, ,!\-hl.,e..,H· r·iJ \n-'n,I,- qu, iiu'mG,:,1,',. 1t,i-\ ii nn0n,r d h·1hi7) w6'hs5Jii. scnthca rn odnls ; midn Eivnte hmr13eoyr s iqtruiaeesUpt, hoor rnaAto cy feios md ahngyooeantst te hhdebbe ial rsa sectsko pnhbieael velinan rgs
cuotf "ft o stahtceio snfsyc ioeftn hcbeei got" 1(11M9a7r6t:i n
33336-).
AntoFnu hr(e1r8 53-1a9 G3e0r)m,al nn dolowghiost
servaesd Curoaftt hoer Lucknow MPursoevuaimnn dc ial
wasa lsAor chaeolSougrivceaoylfot rh Neo rtWhe stern
Provinrceecso,r ded,
Theo ltde mpolfRe a machaantJd arnam astmhuasnta m
havbee eavn e rfyio nnefe o,mr a noyif t cso lumnbse ehna ve
usebdyt hMeu salmitanhn cseo nstroufBc atbiamoran's sj id.
Theasreoe fs trocnlgo,s e-gdraarikn-ecdoo,lrb o luarcekd
stocnael,bl yet dhn ea tiknvsensu' ttio,u chs-lsatatonend,e '
carvweidtd hi ffdeerveinTcthe easyr.f e r osme vteoen i ght
feleotn g, stqhubeaa rsceee ,n aattnr de caapnridot uanld,
oro ctagionntaelr me(dFiuah1tr8ee8lr69y 8: ) .
ThAen nuRaeplo roftt lOtffiec eof t lAtrec hagiecoSal1lo1 roeyor,
NorthCeirnr cAlger,as ,u bmitbtyMe adu lSvhiu aiin1b 9 06,
recortdherdie nes criapttB iaobMnrasis jAipdp.e ndDi oxf
3B.ab\rlia sjAiydo,d hya. thRee polrits ttheiedn scricpotpiioaenttds h atti miens erial
CNTRODUCTION I 3
ScannweidtC ha mScanner
onAHnuum amt9·3eb d �5d t•rsei1..t o 1.e. h0ft-trDt e ou h11 1ec 2e25 · nreaI 8 rI ssn BIilnttc aap e hu rirb(tao r',coian Ncthfn dtoo u . thJlm MhenOwadeUJ s aa 1jsttdir hetfeR.ds ecw e .t oamo osnsisa ntIus anlrebPr.c t k.o seo rnttisn itat ia andeesh ' beow_oesftsrep� h1_o'.enee1nIm a opoelllapean tfwt n l hao hdollmerude cyna o ic ounUhaton ,ash fRdevpiio a eiomslm lnpiyagc lJtt nreiuhe,e.ianese.Twn.msttdt o ohad.a hr daffAem .dgeeel f yi oeystslo oc ot yrmsdtodru,a, hifaoyn
lJhsaRItc-rome heris pc sdsnlt. r1cw Iihcet i=eo rep -n t,·t" nnch·oo , lftt ed hmm elop esqufJ e ao nwAahwsmiat dbsah,u mato io n flRnt am eh dppiarglr�rsoaim_nvso m1 tfmas hahy1heyhr oa atnvaavbhsenseea i ds e,mon leren da md edn.tb ree.po a.te r hrm efto ohsprmequ t sujohpea ae vceial
Chnadrawa s( uKnJI2 10617:·1 37). .T.h.re.i toufRa alm anadveasmciri OinAb e(2dra2 e coennsi
rtecohiThnreisod secrifa npn trytyrp ioaueounitlsnpes se,ae e mrnw_swhd;in h selgnee w nu�1is i1nEt n?tqrqe ig riuum getaois�1lvdosmlp?n- yosr w�th an hleetre,nwwa hnasyy noltefihtJaa kehtaA�nre eeyncd oo mo draulMit(sl,aghOtyd/hien2Ah1 on rn2 alahlse.nwy1ldapf2 h1 oevoob2i1insetr)einytco sae,se phrht)da 1 neee , t i6 r q botafuae cthnoi so ae fdrrmrmo meeoorple wuritlldiht eheo ne ed wr ieng
wasM aluvSih uiba'As1 11R1eupnoolrf tt h Offiec eo ft eh centuries.
Arch�J>itcS,aurveyo,ll r,N ortChiermAc lgern,ao ,tm ade upblic Suchp ersevearnadfn lceex iobfHi ilnidtuyui nsdme r
foor·,er a century? Muslriemp rewshsiiwcoahnds ,e monstrated throughout
Thaatp a,rm torer enctelHya nsB akekr,w hose thehi stooryfN orItnhd cioauh,Ja dvp er ovainod bejde ctive
authoriwtoartokinA v yeo dhywaa sp ublisinh 1e96d8w ell reafsoothrnec ompoiftl heOerA r ecennosttido oe nlo ert e
beftohrcoeen trO\e·rueprstyew dr,o te, minimhiidzsee s criopftt hiJeoa nn amsdtehsapinit tse
occupbayta mi oosnq. u(.eB. a kPkaearr1t 9 86: 14&47).
Th<'o ldpesiteces o fa rchaeoleovgiidceaanrthlcee e b lack
columnsw hircehm afirnot mho el (dV istneum)pt lhea t In an astoniosfdhin agri naagh c,at n dofufLl e ft historians
wass ituaotnted h heo lsyp owth eRraem dae scedn tdoe attempttoec do untaec re nturioelsbde lainevdfo ,c iferously
eMl:h Oanma-bThihstu emmiwp)al.dse e strboythy eef dirs t asstheartBt a bMria sjwiadbs u iolnvt a calnatnTh de.yr emain
Moguplri nBcaeb iunAr D1 52a8nr de plbayca em do sque undetedrersepdthi etm eo untienvgi desntcaeca kgeadi nst
whichs tielis>-lts Th.e f olloswpiecinmgeo nsft hespei llars themS.o moef th eshies toreivaenansp peaarsee xdp eorft s
arkneo wtno e xifsotu:r ptielewlnea rruest ilbiyzth eed theB abrMia sjAicdt ioCno mmit(tBeMeA Cd)u ring
build�elrBi arig nti h ceo nstrucotfthi emo ons qaunead r e negotiabteitownetseh nVe i shHwian dPua rhaids( VHP),
stilpla rtvliys wiibthilinett ;wp oi llwaerrspe l acbeeds ides BMAC,a nthde G overnmen1t9 9in0 -Y1e9thrt9o 1u.g hothuety
thger a·e,o ft hMeu slsiami FnatzA lb baasl iMauss a havem anitianetdh ec hadreao fb ein"gid neepnednt
Ashikhan. who, actcooo rratdlrii antdgiin ocni,tB eadb ur
historians."
tpoidl e(lmdaortrsluih ipHvessine hidn tdu ee-d imonpwthThtlneeoge g r.ro auaavnnredsdte il)t h ls e hotswwneo Inh irse cenptulbyl ished aut[oNjbaiEno1 g1r11aaphy
in Ayodhyaal ,i tstoluoethfth eK ube.r.(t.Bi alrka k e1986: Blryamr1(a a1tn Ini diaDnr)K.]. ,KM .uh ammadf,o rmeRre gional
44). Diecrto(rN orothfth) e A rchaeoSluorvgiecoyafI l n d(iAaS I),
hasst adt ethaste otafL efhti stosryisantse madtiecraalillye d
Hea dded, attemptsa tap eacerfule solouftti hoiens s3uH eew. rites,
.t.h.oe r ilgb iinrlatahtcpeem pdlaet ferdo tmh 1e0 ht or
11cthe ntuBrye.f iotrdsee strucnthti eot emep lumshtva e
INTRODUCTII ON5
4 ITH E BlTLAE FORRA MA
ScannweidtC ha mScanner
tc.!,lLmfd hti t ori,i1nJn aswh aarlNaelrh uU niveristy
bJAsltU1iau'<hh.11,n:tr,gi 'a.c rA, nht nft$Rpul r·tch io ,n,wn'Dui grci.I,ma.lh,., N mcs, Tha�J . t'<a mIh. n'p,OMacr u!lna'SieBs.r tfn Jniu Baohl tpchjfC a,ttnuiha , hsmiohtlryn d Aa deoor iyn jo fsJaJHo,ahnmnyraiint.1dabn abwS l ,iedn,;,.ioR o d .1inf.t.Bp b ta� SeuhSlec hd at ad rammerhugipemsealade­ ,t 4MHMm6. 1ooa)noK s nsu13.�ur"/pman m1b,d ebane1eta tMnr_lusncsmai A n'•oa� eJs ccR ta 'tlr1eewt pit,o 91psahrsdh A41o eo(, ahNn0,r Rtr toac claee wti 11mc-eiMef11otlvoon ·n1enee ntI ejdugI'Yaru va mi c ,mde1esl s.euer1nlaAc nlnac( 11taic tdrN1 tmboltseet aeeyoha Mt rdhbdd pra .ll h A.. el rat.ASe.n I. 113on.d2 S J .a1c:.1 Iti 0! I A9i 1 e 0.bn 5emnc3 8ni t:·)t-e "Bd a bri
Th"eL efdtri.sa-it,mh "e late , a mcmounicatdiaotne2 dn dM ay1 99,t1 i o 1·re e cGtIe o ner r Ia
...i. nsullcdt "OU.rmJgd.gt'l\ C "fJ Ic hop�t oth e DAMC.T his (DGo)f A SIM,. CJ.o suhnia mbiglyus otua ted,
rcsuilnta er cvJ,• r.0JftI h teh ohuti; process amongst AsLh e BaM_barsiji isd ncoetn tapr raoltlemyco tnedm ent,
Mfillmi.s" 'h h.t1iJthl el,nb eepn, ,ndwchroielnhegat reldy th�er chaeoSluorvge1oycfI a nldh iana o sto mfaadaren y
at,b,1,vuitbn M�kt hmeo sque saentdt ltihnmeag t etr detasitlueoddfUy l meo num(eKnutn 2a106l:x x xv-xxxvi).
amia 1'.lT y,cIyc amt.-oa r enewceodn colnut shiahte t
mos..iue" ;n1,t1be, ign�.n. . Thiwsa sc onfirbmyMe add haGvo dbofloer,mH eorm e
Secrey,ti anr bhoiosUk n finIinsnhgsie,nd
The8 \AI�,-. h.e.ld s eve�reeatlin gs untdhelere ardsehip Thpeo ssiobdfie lciltyat rhRineJg B -sBtMr uacp truortee cted
ofI rfJ.1nb1 bHt,h teh eCnh airmoafnI ndiaCno unciolf monumewnatsco nsidbeurhtea dtd o b eg ivuepna st J-,e
Hit ocrailR ee.arc(ChIH R).T"h ougMhe mbeSre cretayr, DepartmoefCn utl tuarnedt hDei recGteonre orfa l
1.GSa.r ayaompnp eod t hi"si,ht a dl itvtalleu ient he Archaeolaodgvyi tshetadht e monduinmdoe stna tt tJ-i,sefy
presencoefH aibb"." ThBea rbi isKs.uKMe.u, h"a mmasdt ates critfeodrrei cal airatis sn ugc( hG odb1o9l93e67 :5 ).
#woulhda vbee esne ttleadg oil fo nMtguh slei mi ntelligentsi� Buwth attru liysa stougni dsKi inshKournela 'e sxp osure
h.lndof tal lperne y tbor awtiahnse ih nogf t heshei storians"
ont heT retKaaT hakuirn scrihpotuisoiennd L ucknow
<01."Cum O,roen1 i5Jcl anu2a0r1yH6 a;i 11dKaevraa/ a1m6J anuary Museu.Fm oro vehrv od ecadLeesfh,ti storpriiancpniaslyl,
_0)6). ProfeJsrsfoHaran b imbo,un teadfo rcecfaumlp na cilgaiming
�toh�Lmac efdiseaRno�sMSeTn d Dftdidmtau�r.hPd ei esafim�1_yilm•r ? enmeinm trBb mJ9 ae a ert1thy h�9Jatnl edaaoa iafins),, eth(ah llnP nm 1.inisio? lssecslymrro Bptdrht iMAe apefKaeemas steaCVbVHPa leumrrorsest ec ./ gin tsf s eor,.udcoP1etSa9hRi fOnuxr du 1syi!5e.aifptpsaoeoc1 n,- ScfSpse lsfnnoa1bg 9.wiiho,rtoo t rnpo1ho9 hacar thf rhdon1Ci titletrSei Pe i ihthdla r mpi sroisAn-as eoc aen fsp.ttlBn utu,c leomovihsmad Dtici tSstfinoma ebrtLuA clahhs sd r)raoletyRssaaetthooDse .i( ifo . utk.hahhDefriine A,tnSbm riatetS . ssvcvyM K .sid.sue ahN eeiouah Jsen ttmna.n mdasjlohsaeaoptir cash,ti,rai)r1e y ed n i, :ga nsA HistpNeHotinsvetlosarhcovhluBawtmriariattpifun aleatidthtchnottdab 1 )e iieeistmr etlo1nh.hsAlo rncha d iesay ya hnefsreoep sb'sd bsa t icti dvofoheR he tegrryipthi;ueeeae psiotid wnndsnp nTutnimeaodburin inoa rsb r oKens ups r eulenag hc Tttt1tbial yoeh o (9asslha mt galuttKfrL9 ctrhleraokeoiupeo2htiaei ethun onfm (awt2dns toL" r ntato sdoo01 cEef6ug pol h feis p6r:vt r c3oIahe es hlig ii?k0Tn ee D tifanhdo sn6r e INaein so1d peno)ecittmccttr0 K nw.log raieethoe3a.cy" p aaVnTluomu erv-hsin e c icMh 1snmb ie1 aaothsua9i ear2nnmih k9vrn ddesnu2e s ; ur.l ­ y
: dAeC �oe valuaotfit ohned ocumenstusb midt tbeyt he
INTRDOUCTINO I7
6 ITH EB ATTEFL ORR AMA
ScanwnitehCd a mScra nne
END NOTES
1· Thwag(lt l'uJaaelrMnMuhA onnrsKm.aU a .keDg1s..,ttr1c ah J d"_u7h ia To5hnretjnaha'iu I3,r1 ,A� ,N.;- _pauanry a , n,k• n r,a -u ts ,...,!J.,bram t•i;mHaem·"• ,565 nv,J, eh dwe.," ,cau q s ii1nt1rt't. t at ,tJeN vrmbllbo aLtIce fE9 cnafpnc w:;8" hl o, m Gtilua. . t"Jsynm pe2gohi;Jrs!'e 3 o f,ir.rb rar n-m5i:;i)cl\ino aar 9ti3at1Rt df.ndnp) nnho ool a Gte.H( u i hut 1a r, iGJarN oery5 s noao of d.9Ioddvrsogdiv o 8nru1nue1D('pn1 nerf1 y J5a inecdds vmbe k5' a1,7let1o )byntht8 s n8nld,rwi a('.mt v eb"lk ora hod rp iAtnabloot edenrsrfsf naeh( faISA2nItthimrntka5insh1y5od bb2nTnn ee5seac3 mea-esea at8lit)oo rak,rthmt9fLese.nfm c rrtiue,c hn e hiaohnswa afmatraettfeg ittThsIoaPleithrt i t hetnroan dse.i hvohWare td fdy tmretimo e oesw m hse hnorap Mpraweeeme nlswoeuoosi lt irtdwohmgntaattfigsh)yhnSy Ihde eghwh tdh ,ei u afe t ai lot naJcfaelinorfple orahinusrc aooakld,th " dl sy owlnif a f ot.deto(noJHtrnog ""rowFgraeahegrti e r.ingileg( eccia hzmle i enygaP corlbeeibm1 td ooedor iaL dkea9hl mgoioudfnh edi8ey unnfneedawdn7r r td otiei: u nsedn k gavy a
_h.a h·a, hadnar •athw ap aotnrizbeyAd k bafrot reh f rist Hi.ravijaSyuara inh di esx tentsiiweivstet h h Meu ghcaolu rt
time Go,"·.uny anGdr weal19 66-77:2, 1 2,5 -2Th6e) P.ar si, (Tsrcuh2k0e1 327:4 P)a.d masacgealreabt rhaeetf efde ctive
OJ.5turl\ ltjaiRh aanw aasl cs,,,on fe;i rrleadng dr abnyt k Aabr. enforcoefAm kebnator r'dseF roesrx. a mpalfetn,eo rti tnhga t
Aktia'src,. ,rrdeitlaialow nsi lthhg er eJaatAi cnh ryaa,H irviajya Akbrah aadg reteoHd i ravirjeaqyutaeop's rsto hfiibsihti ng
wi area .rec,,,Lrd<o ed.Th eA chyaawr assu mmonteoAd k abr's ina p artilcauklneae raF ra tehSpiukrhr eio ,b sertvheadt
coulrtoe ,lpatin1el t etnsoe fh ifsa iHtehs .oi mpesrsethde "(glsoP raidosuAhkabha orr)d esreevardn ttsoso undd rums
Emperort.lu th ew acso nefdet rhtrei tolffe a gGaumt ( Wrold througthohcueit ity on r dteinforo rrna ltlhpeo ep laen secrde tly
Tearc)lh.resne po nse toar equbeyts ehtA cha,ryt ahEem peorr appnoetidm ent oa rretshtow sheo v iolatthereudl e"
is ueJdJ armdaant,6e tdJh u n1e5 8-1, baanninmilan g (Trus2c0h1k32e8: 1 -82).
slaudguhrtiehnrvg e lhvoeld ya yosfP arsy/uiaAnnoathe.r AbuF!a zir!se potroht aevdqe u etsioHniervdi jSauyorian t he
farmwaanis ss ueidnA O1 59a2n;dw asa ddrestsote ehd legitoifmI asclyJa amai.nc couprnetsse tnhteiexsdp osition
Go\'ersm,jo agirdaarnsod,f fiocfiM aallswAhm a,a dabad, asH ivirjaSuyrai a'bsi ltio"t ayns wteehrt hroefaM tu ghal­
andth eres to ft hEem piIrstet .a thtaetd t ahrtee quoefths et suppoIrstlead(m T"r us2c0h1k15e3: 1 4-A1k5b)af.ra 'rmsa ns
Acharytah,"e h eaven-reaocfSh iidndgh"a Gchimhiaalrll,,s prohibainitimnasgll augdhont oehtro, w evseeemr t,oha ve
TaranKgeas,h riannaAdtb hu,a, ls ilt uaint Geudj araantd, beeonb eybeyld o coaflf iTchiiawsla ssa. p parfernottmeh
thefi vhei olRfla sj agnitdrh ,hie l olfS amSahti khina Bre ngal, repearteeidt eorfat htseia omnoe r diennr um erofuasm wns
togethweirtha llth eko lla1nidts e mspb leelotwh ehsiel alss, (Krisahmnur1t9i68 12:- 83).
alaslool t hpelra ocfep si lgriomfta hgJeea iSnev tmabar 2.Th isr efteort shA el lahHaibgaChdo uJruted mgeonft3 0th
comunmitythr ouhgouLthE em pisrheo,ub lehd a ndoevdet ro Septem2b0e1rd0 e,l ivbeyrJ euds tSiucdehsAi grr awal,
thJea sinso th anto o enm ayki laln aniym alo nt heoh silolrs D.VS.h arrnaan,Sd . KUh.a Unn.l eostsh erwise aslstlua cthed
nethaoser tempThleefasn.1 s1taa1tt1he tadht Ee m perrf oonud citaatrifeor notsmh e roufJli unsgtA igcrea wal.
thisr eeqsu"tj uasntrd e asonaandbn ltoce o rnatrtyot he 3.F orar evioefwK . KM.u hammadb'osos ke Sew arajya
(lslamic) lawt,h taohthre id laelnrstde e dml pebseb eoswted 7tShe pte2m0b1e"6rA, n yownheod din'atg rweietl hr fan
toH irvia1ya· S1ua rst· eh A c ahr ywaa sr egaedr dthe Habiwba sb rand'eHdi nvdwauatdiA'r:c haeoilno gist
r(athoseCb �inughtpoetnssarot ecriefthfa aset rmt1de ofi 9mion1cu]fv�ef8 tteta0- -y h :e1 fAm•e a0Jo ukbg t)a sa,sn.ihtrs aSa nie yvn miecI"smtnwte Webogoa,elao,uv rfirk lopce t n dwrom o ot sombflf humi ionmititthreidy een t 4.AAsebiru utnetitdicollicntinebtteco hcnih rad1eittoadt 7 dh gtiectRbceer asohauen al fn mtntplocj tt hyrbeauhy,ty rnininnrEee "h gtmyAm . ea Jpis rvbaesehmruAcnuMugooeortimairirf vulaois ag ednn jalzs hiAtsoetinpady betev ob,deredhe rh yeesaantsp, .s
8 ITI1 EB ATTL EF RORA MA INTRODUCTIOIN 9
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