The Athenian Agora XXVI: The Greek Coins

433 Pages·2008·63.14 MB·English

THE ATHENIANA GORA
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS
CONDUCTED BY
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

s
n VOLUMEX XVI
e .
D
h
N
t
A
-
C
t
a N
THE GREEK COINS

s -
Y
e
i B
d
-
u C
t
S C
BY
al e:
c s
si n JOHN H. KROLL
s e
a c
l i with contributionsb y
C L
. ALAN S. WALKER
f y
o
l
n
l
o o
o
e
h
s
c
u
S

n al
a n
c o
i s
r
e r
e
m
p
A
r
o
© F
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
1993
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve, and extend access to
The Athenian Agora ®
www.jstor.org
s
n
e .
D
h
N
t
A
-
C
t
a N

s -
Y
e
i B
d
-
u C
t
S C

al e:
c s
si n
s e
a c
l i
C L

.
f y
o
l
n
l
o o
o
e
h
s
c
S u Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Pliiciation Data
n al KrolTl,Jhoeh Gn rHe.e, k1 C9o3i8n-s / byJohn H. Kroll; with contributionsb y Alan S. Walker.
a n p. cm. - (AthenianA gora; v. 26)
c o Includesb ibliographicalr eferencesa nd index.
i s
r ISBN 0-87661-226-5
e r
e 1. Coins, Greek-Greece-Athens. 2. Coins, Greek. 3. Agora (Athens, Greece)
m
p 4. Athens (Greece)-Antiquities.
A r I. WalkerA, lan S. II. Title. III. Series
o DF287.A23A5 vol. 26
© F [CJ459.A8] 93-33146
737.4938'5-dc20 CIP
? American School of ClassicalS tudies at Athens 1993
TYPOGRAPHY BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES PUBLICATIONS OFFICE
C/O INSTITUTEF OR ADVANCEDS TUDY,P RINCETONN, EWJ ERSEY
PLATES BY THE STINEHOUR PRESS, LUNENBURG, VERMONT
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY THE JOHN D. LUCAS PRINTING COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
To THE MEMORY OF
MARGARET THOMPSON
s
n
e .
D
h
N
t
A
-
C
t
a N

s -
Y
e
i B
d
-
u C
t
S C

al e:
c s
si n
s e
a c
l i
C L

.
f y
o
l
n
l
o o
o
e
h
s
c
u
S

n al
a n
c o
i s
r
e r
e
m
p
A
r
o
© F
PREFACE
FOLLOWING UPON TheA theniaAn goraV, olumesI I and IX, MargaretT hompson's Coinsfromth e
Romant hrougthh e VenetiaPne riod( 1954), and George Miles' TheI slamicC oins( 1962), the present
volume bringst o a conclusiont he publicationo f coins in TheA theniaAn goraR, esultos fE xcavationsesr ies.
Publicationo f the Greek coins was initiallye ntrustedt o Josephine P. Shear; but after writing three
preparatorya rticlesi n the 1930's she was unablet o make furtherh eadway,a nd the projectl apsedf or
s
n severald ecades. With the resumptiono f large-scalee xcavationsi n the Agora in 1970, responsibility
e .
Dfor the Greek material was reassignedt o me, excavation numismatistf rom 1970 through 1973. I
h
t Nin turn enlisted the assistanceo f my two successorsa t the Agora, Fred Kleiner and Alan Walker.
A
-
C Our first task was to establish a reliable frameworkf or the chronology of Athenian bronze
t
a Ncoinage, to which all but 13 percent of the Agora Greek coins belong. My initial papers focused on

s Y-Athenian bronze coinage of the Roman period and of the 4th and early 3rd centuriesB .C. Kleiner,
e
i Bwho elected not to participate in the final publication, devoted a series of articles to the bronze
d
u C-coinage of the 2nd and early st centuriesB .C. Walkers pecializedi n the Athenian imperial bronze
St Ccoins from the Agora, making them the subject of his 1980 Ph.D. dissertation.F or this project he
al e: went through the entire inventoryo f over 3,400 Athenian imperialb ronzes to verify or correct the
c sidentificationst hat had been made at the time of discovery,t o obtain weights, and to look for "runs"
si nor groups of coins that had been found together but had not been recorded in the list of Agora
s e
a cdeposits,w hich had been compiled primarilyf or the studyo f ceramic material.I n 1981 I was able to
Cl Lidevote eleven months to reexaminingt he remaining 13,000 Greek coins in the same way. Tedious
. and time-consuminga s this was, it provedh ighly informativea nd has been more thanj ustifiedb y the
f y
o
nlaccuracya nd control made possible.I nstead of workingf rom the old inventoryc ardst hat go back to
l
o othe year of discovery of each coin (as Margaret Thompson was obliged to do in the preparation
o
h eof AgoraI I), our catalogue has been compiled directly from the coins. In the summer of 1990 we
s
c added the severald ozen Greek coins uneartheds ince 1981.
u
S
an nal impAerliaanl cWoianlsk ienr 'Csc ohnatprtiebru ItIiIo nasnt od tthhies vcoolruem oef athree snuubmstiasnmtiaatli.cH aen wd rcohtreo tnhoel coagtiaclaolg coume omf Aenthtaernyia inn
c othe introductoryp art of that chapter.H e suggestedm any helpfuli mprovementsi n draftso f the other
i s
er rchapters,a nd he is responsiblef or identifyingm any of the difficultn on-Athenian coins that earlier
e
m pAgora numismatistsh ad found intractable;t hese include nearly all coins catalogued in Chapter IV
A r bearing excavationi nventoryn umberss uffixedw ith the letter "a".
© Fo A number of persons and institutionsh ave generouslya ssistedt his project.W e wish particularly
to thank the former and present Directors of the Agora Excavations,H omer A. Thompson and
T. Leslie Shear,J r., for their encouragementa nd interest.W e have been fortunatei n being able to
draw on the expertiseo f many other colleaguesa nd friendsa t the Agora and elsewhere,a mong them
Virginia R. Grace, G. Roger Edwards, Susan I. Rotroff, John McK. Camp, Rhys F Townsend,
Kevin Clinton, Judith Binder, Ursula Knigge, Christian Habicht, Orestes Zervos, and Theodore
Buttrey deserve special acknowledgment. Basil C. Demetriades was always eager to discuss the
problems presented by Athenian bronzes and did us the invaluables ervice of making availableh is
1 "The Coins of Athens," Hesperia2 , 1933, pp. 231-278; 1936, pp. 123-150; and "AthenianI mperial Coinage,"
Hesperia5 , 1936, pp. 285-332.
viii PREFACE
electronic scale for weighing. Members of the permanent Agora staff, secretariesM argo Camp
andJan Diamant, conservatorsA lice Paterakisa nd Olympia Theophanopoulou, and photographer
Craig Mauzy, cheerfully saw to the coordination, production, and photography of the hundreds
of casts orderedf or illustration.C athy Collins,G reta Ham, and Tracey Rockettp rovideds tillf urther
assistancew ith the casts and the assemblyo f the plates. Richard Anderson, architecto f the Agora
Excavations,p repared the two site plans, of which one is entirely new, that appear on Plates 35
and 36. We would also like to thank our many numismaticc olleagues who took time from their
visits to the Agora to go through our unidentifiedm aterial. Finally,t he volume owes a great deal

s to the staff members of the American School PublicationsO ffice. Their devoted and thoughtful
n
e .editing, checking,a nd productionh ave made this a much better book.
D
h N For the resourcest hat enabled me to develop and begin writing up my part of the material, I
t
A -am indebted to fellowshipsg ranted by the National Endowment for the Humanities in 1981, by
t Cthe American Council of Learned Societies and the Institutef or Advanced Study in 1985/1986,
a N
and by the University Research Institute of the University of Texas at Austin on both occasions.
s -
e YOver the years the University Research Instituteh elped defray many lesser expenditures,a nd the
i B
d hospitalityo f the Institutef or Advanced Study made it possible in more recent summers to return
-
tu Cand work in its pleasant environmenti n Princeton.
S C

al e:Austin, Texas
c sAugust 20, 1993
si n
s e
a c
l i
C L

.
f y
o
l
n
l
o o
o
e
h
s
c
u
S

n al
a n
c o
i s
r
e r
e
m
p
A
r
o
© F
TABLEO F CONTENTS
PREFACE ..................................................... VI
LIST OF PLATES. ................................................................ X
SELECTEDB IBLIOGRAPHAYN D ABBREVIATION..S.. ........................................... Xi
CONSPECTUOS F COINS. ....x...................................... ...... ... . ............ xvii
s
n
e .INTRODUCTION. . ....1... .......... ............ ......... .... . . . ..... ....... 1
D
h
NI. ATENIAN SILVERCOS ............................................................... 4
t
A
-
t CII. ATHENIABNR ONZEC OINSF, OURTHT HROUGHF IRSTC ENTURIESB .C. ........................ 24
a N
s -III. ATHNmANB RONZEC OINS, SECONDA ND THIRD CENTURIESA FTERC HRIST ........... 113
Y
e (withA lan Walker)
i B
d
u C-IV NON-ATHENIANCOINS.. .......................................................... 166
t
S C
APPENDICES

al e: A. Three Modern Imitations .............................. ... ................ 291
c s
si n B. UnstruckB lanksa nd the Mints of the Agora ...................................... . 292
s e
a cDEPOSITSIN, CLUDINHGO ARD.S.. .............. ...................................... .. 297
l i
C L
TABLES

.
f y
o l I. Period I Chronology................. ........................................... 320
n
ol o II. Structure of the Period II Coinage ...................................... ........ 322
o III. Late Period II and Period III Varieties..... . .. ............................. 324
e
h
s IV Period IV AE 1 Varieties. ....................................................... 326
c
u
S V Period IV Fractions.............................................. ........... 328
n al VI. Three Early Period IVA Deposits ................ ......................... 329
a n
c o VII. Hypothetical Development of the Athenian Bronze Denominational Systems
eri rs and Comparisonw ith the Roman System ....................................... 330
m e VIII. Athenian ImperialD enominations............................................. 331
p
A IX. Totals of Athenian ImperialD ies ............................................... 332
r
o
© FCONCORDANCES
Concordance of CataloguedA gora Coins ................ .................. ....... 335
Concordance to Athenian Bronze Coins Illustrated in Svoronos ...................... . 351
INDEXES. .......... ................... o. .... ........................ 357
PLATES
LIST OF PLATES
1. Athenian Silver,6 th and 5th CenturiesB .C. (1-12d)
2. Athenian Silver,5 th and 4th CenturiesB .C. (12e-18)
3. Athenian Silver,4 th to 2nd CenturyB .c.;B ronze (19-37)
4. Athenian Bronze, 4th CenturyB .C. (38d-46c)

s
n 5. Athenian Bronze, 4th and 3rd CenturiesB .C. (46d-54f)
e D. 6. Athenian Bronze, 3rd Century B.C. (55a-67b)
h
t N 7. Athenian Bronze, 3rd CenturyB .C. (67c-75f)
A
- 8. Athenian Bronze, 2nd CenturyB .C. (76a-86d)
C
at N 9. Athenian Bronze, 2nd and Early 1st CenturiesB .C. (87a-99e)
s - 10. Athenian Bronze, 2nd and Early 1st CenturiesB .C. (99f-114a)
Y
e
i B 11. Athenian Bronze, 1st CenturyB .C. (115a-126e)
d
u C- 12. Athenian Bronze, 1st CenturyB .c. (127a-138g)
t 13. Athenian Bronze, 1st CenturyB .C. (139a-148)
S C
14. Athenian Bronze, 1st CenturyB .C. (149a-156d)
al e: 15. Athenian Bronze, 1st Century B.C. and 2nd Century after Christ (157a-167c)
c s
si n 16. Athenian Bronze, 2nd Century after Christ( 169a-197e)
s e 17. Athenian Bronze, 2nd Century after Christ( 198-247a)
a c
l i 18. Athenian Bronze, 2nd Century after Christ (248a-278a)
C L
. 19. Athenian Bronze, 2nd and 3rd Centuriesa fter Christ( 279a-307a)
of y 20. Athenian Bronze, 3rd Century after Christ (308-36 la)
l
n
ol o 21. Athenian Bronze, 3rd Century after Christ (362-401b)
o e 22. Athenian Bronze, 3rd Century after Christ. Italy,S icily,T hrace (401c-449)
h
c s 23. Thrace, Macedonia (452a-504b)
u
S 24. Macedonia, Thessaly,E peiros( 505-57 la)
n al 25. Epeirost o Phokis,B oiotia, Euboia (572-624)
a n
c o 26. Euboia, Salamis,M egarid (625-657)
ri s 27. Aigina, Corinth (658a-717)
e r
m e 28. Peloponnesos( 718-812b)
p
A 29. Crete, Cyclades,P ontos to Aiolis (817-898)
r
o 30. Aiolis, Ionia, Karia (900-966)
© F
31. Lydia toJudea, PersianE mpire,E gypt to Numidia (969a-1035)
32. Modern Imitations.C oin Blanks
33. Coin Blanksa nd Rejects
34. Coins from the Libraryo f PantainosN orth Stoa
35. Plan of the Athenian Agora, ca. 100 B.C.,w ith Sections of ExcavationI ndicated
36. Plan of the Athenian Agora, 2nd Century after Christ
SELECTEDB IBLIOGRAPHYA ND ABBREVIATIONS
Agora= TheA theniaAn goraR, esultsorf ExcavationCs onductebdy t heA mericaSnc hoool f ClassicaSl tudieas tA thensP, rinceton
I = M. Thompson, Coins:F romt heR omanth rougthh eV enetiaPne riod1, 954
III = R. E. WycherleyL, iterarayn dE pigraphicTale stimoni1a9, 57
IV = R. H. Howland GreeLk ampsa ndT heirS rvials, 1958
V = H. S. Robinson, Potteroyf theR omanP eriodC: hronolog1y9, 59
VII =J. Perlzweig,L ampso f theR omanP eriodF, irstt oS eventhC enturayf terC hrist1, 961

s X = M. Lang and M. Crosby,W eightMs, easureasn dT okens1,9 64
en .XII = B. A. Sparkesa nd L. Talcott, Blacka ndP lainP otteroyf the6 th,5 th and4 th CenturiBes. C., 1970
h DXIV = H. A. Thompson and R. E. Wycherley,T heA gorao fAthensT: heH istoryS, hapea, ndU seso f anA ncienCt ityC enter,
t N 1972
A
C-XXII = S. I. Rotroff,H ellenistiPco tteryA: theniaann dI mporteMd oldmadBeo wls,1 982
at NXXIV = A. Frantz,L ateA ntiquityA: .D. 267-700, Princeton 1988
s -Guide2= H. A. Thompson, TheA theniaAn goraA: Guideto theE xcavatioann dM useum2, nd ed., Athens 1962
e YGuide3= H. A. Thompson, TheA theniaAn goraA: Guideto theE xcavatioann dM useum3, rd ed., Athens 1976
di BGuide4= J. McK. Camp, TheA theniaAn goraA: Guideto theE xcavatioann dM useum4, th ed., Athens 1990
-
u CGRC= Fred Kleiner, Greeka ndR omanC oinsi n theA theniaAn gora( Excavationso f the Athenian Agora Picture Book No.
t
S C15), Princeton 1975
HesperiaJ,o urnal of the American School of ClassicalS tudies at Athens
al e:
c s
si n GENERAL WORKS
s e
a cAmandry = M. Amandry,L e monnayagdee sd uovircso rinthien(eBsC H Supplement 15), Paris 1988
Cl LiAMUGS= AntikeM inen undG eschnit Steine
. ARW = Aufstiegu nd Ndergangd erR mischenW elt
of yBAR= BritishA rchaeologiRcaelp orts
l
l nBellinger = A. R. Bellinger,T royT, he Coins( TroyS upplementaryM onographs 2), Princeton 1961
o o
o Bingen 1973 =J. Bingen, "Le tresorm onetaire Thorikos 1969," in ThorikoVs I:1 973, Brussels 1973, pp. 7-59
e
h Bingen 1975 =J. Bingen, "Le tresord e titradrachmesa ttiquesd e stylep i," in Thorikoasn dt heL aurionin A rchaiacn dC lassical
s
c uTunes( MiscellaneGa raecIa) , Ghent 1975
S
an nal BBMMCC A= leCxaatnadlo=egr uM oef . t Jh.e GP rrieceekC, Tohinesi Cn o thineBa grieint i tshhMe N uasmeueom f2 A, 9l evxoalsn.,d Letorh nedG orne a1at8 n7d3P -1h9il2i7pA rrhidaeuAs, BritishM useumC atalogue,
Zurich/London 1991
c o
i sBMCRE= Coinso f theR omanE mpirein theB ritishM useumL, ondon 1923-
r
e erBoardman, GreekS culptur=eJ . Boardman, GreekS culpturoef theC lassicaPl eriodL, ondon 1985
m pBoehringer= C. Boehringer,Z urC hronologMi ittlhellenistischMe urn erien 220-160 v. Chr(. AMUGS5 ), Berlin 1972
A r Bol = R. Bol, Das StakenprogramdmesH rodes-Aticus-Nymphum(Onlsm pischFe orschung5e)n, Berlin 1984
© FoBrett 1950 = A. B. Brett, "AthenaA AKIAAMOE ofPella," ANSMN 4, 1950, pp. 55-72
Bowersock,A ugstus = G. W. Bowersock,A ugustuasn dt heG reekW orldO, xford 1965
Burkert= W. Burkert,H omoN ecansB, erkeley/LosA ngeles 1988
Burnett, CRW= A. Burnett, Coinagien theR omanW orldL, ondon 1987
Buttrey 1981 = T. V Buttrey," More on the Athenian Coinage Law of 375/4 B.C.," QuademTi winesdi i Numismatica
eAntichithC lassich1e 0, pp. 71-94
Calciati I = R. Calciati, CorpuNs ummoruSmic ulorumI, Mortara 1983
Calciati II = R. Calciati, CorpuNs ummoruSmic ulorumI, Mortara 1986
Caley = E. R. Caley, TheC ompositioofnA ncienGt reeBk rone Coins(M emoirosf theAmericaPnh ilosophicSaol ciey1 1), Philadelphia
1939
Camp =J. McK. Camp, TheA theniaAn goraE, xcavationins theH earto f ClassicaAl hens,L ondon 1986
xii SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHYA ND ABBREVIATIONS
Carradice= I. Carradice,e d., Coinagaen dA dministratiionn t heA theniaann dP ersianE mpire(sB ARI nternationalS eries 343),
Oxford 1987
Cavaignac = E. Cavaignac, "Les monnaies d'tleusis," RN, ser. 4, 12, 1908, pp. 311-333 (= idem,L e trisors acr6d 'leusis
jusqu'en4 04, Versailles1 908)
Cerfauxa nd Tondriau= L. Cerfaux andJ. Tondriau,L ec ulted ess ouveraindsa nsl a ciilisaionsg rco-romaineTs,o urnai 1957
Clinton 1989a = K. Clinton, "The EleusinianM ysteries: Roman Initiates and Benefactors,S econd Century B.C. to
A.D. 267," ANRW2.18.2, 1989, pp. 1499-1539
Clinton 1989b = K. Clinton, "Hadrian'sC ontributiont o the Renaissanceo f Eleusis,"i n GreeRk enaissancpep, . 56-68
Clinton, SacredO fficials= K. Clinton, The SacredO fficialso f thEe lesinian Mystries (Transactionso f the American
PhilosophicalS ociety,s er. 2, 64, 3), Philadelphia1 973
Cook, Zeus= A. B. Cook, Zeus,A Studyin AncienRt elion III, i, Cambridge 1940
s
n Cop= SNG,T he Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Copenhagen 1942-1979
e D.CorintVh I = K. A. Edwards,C orinthR, esultos fExcavationCso nductbedyt heA mericaSnc hooolf ClasicalS tudieast AtzensV, I, Coins
h N1896-1929, Cambridge,M ass. 1933
t
A -Crawford, CMRR= M. H. Crawford, Coinagae ndM oneyu nderth eR omanR epublic:I talya nd theM editerraneEanc onomy,
t CBerkeley/Los Angeles 1985
a NCrawford,R RC= M. H. Crawford,R omanR epublicaCno inageL, ondon 1974

s Y-CRWLR= The Coinagoef theR omanW orldin theL ateR epubli(cB ARI nternationalS eries 326), A. M. Burnett and M. H.
e
i BCrawford,e ds., Oxford 1987
d
-DilosX XVII = P.B runeau,C . Vatin,V Bezerrad e Meneses, G. Donnay, E. Lkvy,A . Bovon, G. Siebert, V R. Grace, M.
u C
t Sawatianou-PetropoulakouE, . LydingW ill, and T. Hackens,L 'Etlodte l a Maisond esC omMdie(nxepsl orationa rchiologiqduee
S C
Dlos XXVII), Paris 1970

al e:EABC = J. H. Kroll, "A Chronology of Early Athenian Bronze Coinage ca. 350-250 B.C.," in Essays Thompson,
c spp. 139-154
si nEssaysC arson-Jenin=s Essaysi n Honouro f RoberCt arsona ndK nnethJ ekins, M. Price, A. Burnett, and R. Bland, eds.,
s e
London 1993
a c
l iEssaysR obinso=n Essaysi n GreekC oinagPe resentetdo S tanleyR obinsonC, . M. Kraay and G. K.Jenkins, eds., Oxford 1968
C L
EssaysT hompso=n GreekN umismaticasn dA rchaeologyE:s saysi n Honoro f MargareTt hompson0,. M0rkholm and N. M.
.
of yWaggoner,e ds., Wetteren 1979
l
nFdD III, ii = M. G. Colin, Inscriptiodnus Trisord esA thnins (Fbuis deD elpheIsI I, ii), Paris 1909-1913
l
o oFerguson= W. S. Ferguson,H ellnisticA thensL, ondon 1911
o
h eFox 1890 = H. B. Earle Fox, "Note sur quelques monnaies attiques,"R N, ser. 3, 8, 1908, pp. 58-64
c sGiovannini= A. Giovannini,R omee t la circulatiomno nitaireen Gracaeu II sieclea vanJt esus-ChrisBt,a sel 1978
u
S Grace 1985 = V R. Grace, "The Middle Stoa Dated by Amphora Stamps,"H esperi5a4 , 1985, pp. 1-54
n alGrandjean = C. Grandjean, "Le monnayage d'argent et de bronze d'Hermione (Argolide),"R N, ser. 6, 32, 1990,
ca onpp. 28-55
i sGreekR eaissance= The GreekR enaissancien the RomanF mpire:P aperfsr om the TenthB ritishM useumC lassicalC olloquium
r
e er(Universityo f London Institute for Classical Studies, Bulletin Supplement 55), S. Walker and A. Cameron, eds.,
m pLondon 1989
A r Griffith= G. T. Griffith, TheM ercenarioefs t heH elnistic WorldC, ambridge 1935
© FoGrunauer= S. Grunauer-vonH oerschelmnannD, ieM nzpr4gungd erL akedaimon(iAerM UGS7 ), Berlin 1978
Habicht 1976 = C. Habicht, "ZurG eschichteA thens in der Zeit MithradatesV I," Chiron6, 1976, pp. 127-142
Habicht 1991 = C. Habicht, "Zu den Miinzmagistratend er Silberpragungd es Neuen Stils," Chiron21 , 1991, pp. 1-23
Habicht, Studien= C. Habicht, Studienzu rG eschichAteth enisn helnistischeZr eit( Hypomnema7t3a) , G6ttingen 1982
Habicht, Untersuchung=e nC . Habicht, Untersuchungzuenrp olitischeGn eschichAtet hensim 3. Jahrhundevr.t Chr (Vestigi3a0 ),
Munich 1979
Hackens, T 1969. "La circulationm ontaire dans la Beotie hellenistique: Tr6sors de Thebes 1935 et 1965," BCH
93, 1969, pp. 701-729
Harl = K. W. Harl, CivicC oinsa ndC ivicP oliticisn theR omanE ast,A .D. 180-275, Berkeley/LosA ngeles/London 1987
Head 1881 = B. V Head, "On the ChronologicalS equence of the Coins of Boiotia,"N C, ser. 3, 1, 1881, pp. 177-275
HN2 = B. V Head, HistoriaN umrwn,2 nd ed., Oxford 1911
Hoff 1989 = M. Hoff, 'The EarlyH istory of the Roman Agora at Athens,"i n GreeRk enaissancpep, . 1-8
Hopper = R.J. Hopper, "Observationso n the Wappenmizen,i"n EssaysR obinsonp,p . 16-39
Howgego = C.J. Howgego, GreekIm periaCl ountermarLkos,n don 1985
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHYA ND ABBREVIATIONS Xlll
Hunter= G. Macdonald, Cataloguoef GreekC oinsin theH unteianC ollectioIn-I II, Glasgow 1899-1905
IG I3 = InscriptionAestt ica Ficlidisa nnoa ntriores3, rd ed., fasc. 1, ed. D. Lewis, Berlin 1981
IG II2 = InscriptionAestt icaeF ilidis annop osterioreIsI,- II, Editiom inore, d.J. Kirchner,B erlin 1913-1940
IG V = InscriptionLesa coniaeM, esseniaAe, rcadiaee,d . E Hiller von Gaertringen,B erlin 1923
IG VII = InscriptionMese garidiest Boeotiaee,d . W. Dittenberger,B erlin 1892
IG IX.ii = InscriptionTesh essaliaee,d . 0. Kern, Berlin 1908
IGCH= An Inventotoyf GreekC oinH oardsM, . Thompson, 0. M0rkholm,a nd C. M. Kraay,e ds., New York 1973
Kleiner 1973 = F S. Kleiner, "The 1926 PiraeusH oard and Athenian Bronze Coinage ca. 86 B.C.," AeXt 28, 1973,
A' [1975], pp. 169-186
Kleiner 1975 = E S. Kleiner, "The EarliestA thenian New Style Bronze Coins: Some Evidence from the Athenian
Agora," Hesperi4a4 , 1975, pp. 302-330
s
n Kleiner 1976 = F S. Kleiner," The Agora Excavationsa nd Athenian Bronze Coinage, 200-86 B.C.," Hesperi4a5 , 1976,
e D.pp. 1-40
h NKleiner,A M 20 = F S. Kleiner, "Some UnpublishedA thenian Bronze Coins,"A NSMV 20, 1975, pp. 1-5
t
A -Klose = D. A. 0. Klose, Die Miinpragungv onS myrnain derr 5mischeKna iserze(iAt MUGS1 0), Berlin 1987
t CKraay,A CGC= C. M. Kraay,A rchaiacn dC lassicaGl reekC oinsB, erkeley/LosA ngeles 1976
a NKraay,A thens= C. M. Kraay, Coinso fAncienAt thens(M inervaN umismaticH andbook 2), Newcastle upon Tyne 1968
s Y-Kroll 1972 =J. H. Kroll, "Two Hoards of First-CenturyB .C. Athenian Bronze Coins," AeXt 27, 1972, A' [1973],
e
i Bpp. 86-120
d
u C-Kroll 1973 = J. H. Kroll, "The Eleusis Hoard of Athenian Imperial Coins and Some Deposits from the Athenian
t Agora,"H esperia4 2, 1973, pp. 312-333
S C
Kroll 1976 =J. H. Kroll, "AristophanesI'n ov)p&X aXxta:A Reply,"G RBS1 7, 1976, pp. 329-341

al e:Kroll 1977 =J. H. Kroll, "Some Athenian Armor Tokens,"H esperi4a6 , 1977, pp. 141-146
c sKroll 1981a = J. H. Kroll, "Evidence for Identifying the Denominations of Hellenistic Athenian Bronze Coinage"
si n(lecture,S an Francisco 1981), abstracti n AJA8 6, 1982, p. 273
s e
a cKroll 1981b =J. H. Kroll, "FromW appenmuinzento Gorgoneia to Owls,"A VNSMN26 , 1981, pp. 1-32
l iKroll 1982 = J. H. Kroll, "Nailing Down the Archaeological Chronology of Early Hellenistic Athens" (ecture,
C L
Philadelphia 1982), abstracti n AJA8 7, 1983, pp. 241-242
.
of yLacroix = L. Lacroix, Les reproductiodnes s tatuess ur les monnaiegsr ecquesL: a statuairaer chatiueet classiqu(eB iblioth6qued e
l
l nla Faculted e Philosophiee t Lettresd e l'Universited e Liege, fasc. CXVI), Liege 1949
o oLeigle =J. Leigle, DerZ eusd esP hidiasB, erlin 1952
o
h eLIMC= LexiconIc onographicMumy thologiaCel assicaIe- V, Zurich/Munich 1981-1990
c sLS1 = H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S.Jones, A Greek-EngliLshex iconn, ew 9th ed., Oxford 1940
u
S Mattingly 1969 = H. B. Mattingly,R eview ofM. Thompson, TheAgrinioHn oardN, C, ser. 6, 1969, pp. 325-333
n alMattingly 1979 = H. B. Mattingly," L.JuliusC aesar,G overnoro f Macedonia," Chiron9, 1979, pp. 147-167
ica sonMMaatvtrinoggolyr 1d9a9to0 1 =9 1H6. =B J. .M Matatvinrogglyo,"r dTahteo B," eAg Cinhnrionngoo lfo tghiec aNlAe wrr Satnyglee mSielvnetro Cf tohine aCgoe,i"nN s oJfV 1CC5h 0i,o 1s,9 P90a,r pt pII. I6,"7- N7C8 , ser. 4,
r
e er16, 1916, pp. 281-355
m pMavrogordato1 917 =J. Mavrogordato," -, Part IV,"J NCs, er.4 , 17, 1917, pp. 206-256
A r Mavrogordato1 918 =J. Mavrogordato," -, PartV " NC, ser.4 , 18, 1918, pp. 1-79
© FoMcCkan= S. W. Grose, Cataloguoef theMcCleanC ollectioonf GreekC oinsF, itwilliamM useumC, ambridge 1923-1929
Meshorer = Y Meshorer,A ncienJte wishC oinsD, ix Hills, NJ. 1982
Millar 1969 = F. Millar," P.H erennius Dexippus: The Greek Worlda nd the Third-CenturyI nvasions,"J RS 59, 1969,
pp. 12-29
Milne 1923 =J. G. Milne, "The Autonomous Coinage of Smyrna,"s ection I, NJVsCe,r . 5, 3, 1923, pp. 1-30
Milne 1927 =J. G. Milne, "-," section II, NC, ser. 5, 7, 1927, pp. 1-107
Milne 1928 =J. G. Milne, "-," section III,NC, ser. 5, 8, 1928, pp. 131-171
Milne 1933 =J. G. Milne, AshmoleaMn useumC ataloguoef AlexandriaCno insO, xford 1933
MorgantinIaI = T. V Buttrey,K . T. Erim, T. D. Groves,a nd R. R. Holloway,T heC oins( MorgantinaS tudiesI I), Princeton
1989
M0rkholm 1984 = O. Morkholm," The Chronologyo f the New Style Coinage of Athens,"A NSMN2 9, 1984, pp. 29-42
M0rkholm,E HC = 0. M0rkholm,E arlyH ellenistiCc oinagefrotmhe AccessioonfA lexandetro t heP eaceo fApame(a3 36-188 B.C.),
P. Griersona nd U. Westermark,e ds., Cambridge 1991
Mylonas = G. E. Mylonas, Eleusisa ndt heE leusiniaMn ysteriesP,r inceton 1961