The American West and the Nazi East: A Comparative and Interpretive Perspective PDF
Preview The American West and the Nazi East: A Comparative and Interpretive Perspective
The American West and the Nazi East This page intentionally left blank The American West and the Nazi East A Comparative and Interpretive Perspective Carroll P. Kakel, III ResearchHistorianandLecturer,TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityCenterfor LiberalArts,USA ©CarrollP.Kakel,III2011 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2011 978-0-230-27515-7 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6-10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentified astheauthorofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2011by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-32466-8 ISBN 978-0-230-30706-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230307063 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Kakel,CarrollP.,1947– TheAmericanWestandtheNaziEast:acomparativeandinterpretive perspective/CarrollP.Kakel. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. 1.UnitedStates—Territorialexpansion. 2. IndiansofNorthAmerica— Wars. 3. Indians,Treatmentof—UnitedStates. 4. Massacres— West(U.S.)—History—19thcentury. 5. Germany—Territorial expansion. 6. WorldWar,1939–1945—Atrocities—Europe,Eastern. 7. Holocaust,Jewish(1939–1945)—Europe,Eastern. 8. Genocide— Europe,Eastern—History—20thcentury. I. Title. E179.5.K352011 970.004(cid:2)97—dc22 2011011819 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 To the memory of my father and mother, with love Ifthejigsawpuzzledoesnotworkout,thereasonmaybenotthat somepiecesaremissingbutthatwehavesetitupwrongly. GeoffreyBarraclough Remainingfaithfultothecomplexitiesandcontingenciesofthepast neednotentailabandoningthesearchforpatternsandlogics. A.DirkMoses Contents ListofIllustrationsandMaps viii Preface x Introduction 1 Part I ContinentalImperialism 1 Empire:NationalProjectsof‘Space’and‘Race’ 15 2 Racial‘Othering’:‘ManufacturingDifference’ 46 Part II SettlerColonialism 3 ConquestandExpansion:‘Obtaining’New‘LivingSpace’ 81 4 Colonization:‘Peopling’theEmpire 112 5 ‘Out-Group’Policy:‘Eliminating’the‘Natives’ 143 Part III FrontierGenocide 6 WarandGenocide:‘Cleansing’theLebensraum 179 Conclusion 212 Notes 219 Bibliography 250 Index 277 vii List of Illustrations and Maps Illustrations 1 Coveredwagonsheaded‘west’.A‘wagontrain’of American‘settlers’heads‘west’acrossthenorthernplains toseektheirindividual‘manifestdestinies’inAmerica’s ‘westernempire’. 2 Coveredwagonsheaded‘east’.Acovered‘waggonconvoy’ ofGerman‘settlers’stopstorestbeforeresumingtheir journeytoanewlifeintheNazi‘easternempire’. 3 Pioneersinthe‘AmericanWest’.Afamilyof ‘homesteaders’onthenorthernplainsposeforaphotoin frontoftheirnewhome(calleda‘sodhouse’)inCuster County,Nebraska. 4 Pioneersinthe‘NaziEast’.IntheReichsgauWartheland (areasofwesternPolandannexedbyNaziGermany),a ‘settler’familyisvisitedbyanursefromtheNational SocialistVolunteers(NSV). 5 Forced‘removal’inthe‘AmericanWest’.USArmytroops overseeagroupofNavajoIndianswhohavebeenforcibly ‘removed’fromtheirhomesand‘force-marched’toa militaryreservationatFortSumner,NewMexico. 6 Forced‘removal’inthe‘NaziEast’.GermanpoliceandSS personneloverseetheforced‘removal’andforced ‘resettlement’ofPolesfromtheirhomesinSol,Katowice, Poland,toaninternmentcamp. 7 Attritioninthe‘AmericanWest’.Indianslineupto receivetheirofteninadequatefoodrationson‘rationday’ atthePineRidgeAgencyReservationinSouthDakota. 8 Attritioninthe‘NaziEast’.JewsintheLodzGhetto (Poland)waitoutsideKitchen#452toreceivetheirmeagre foodrations. 9 Massshootinginthe‘AmericanWest’.SiouxIndian civiliansshotbytheUSArmySeventhCavalryduringthe 1890WoundedKneemassacreinSouthDakotaareburied inamassgrave. viii ListofIllustrationsandMaps ix 10 Massshootinginthe‘NaziEast’.Menfroman unidentifiedunitofanEinsatzgruppenmobilekilling squadexecuteagroupofSovietcivilianskneelingbythe sideofamassgrave. Maps 1 Conquestandexpansioninthe‘AmericanWest’.This mapshowsAmerica’s‘successivewests’acrossthenew nation’sexpandingcontinentalempire. 2 Conquestandexpansioninthe‘NaziEast’.Thismap showsHitler’sLebensraumempirein‘theEast’atitszenith (thatis,attheendof1941). Note: ‘USHMM’ is an abbreviation for the United States Holocaust MemorialMuseum.Theviewsandopinionsexpressedinthisbookand the context in which the images are used do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of, nor imply approval or endorsement by, the US HolocaustMemorialMuseum.
The list of books you might like
