The American Missionary Volume 33 No 1 January 1879 by Various

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Title: The American Missionary -- Volume 33, No. 1, January 1879

Author: Various

Release Date: November 28, 2016 [EBook #53618]

Language: English

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VOL. XXXIII.

No. 1.

THE

AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

“To the Poor the Gospel is Preached.”

JANUARY, 1879.

CONTENTS:

EDITORIAL.

OUR OUTLOOK FOR 1879
1

OUR APPEAL FOR THE NEW YEAR
2

THE LORD’S WORK AND THE LORD’S COMING
3

THE LONDON UNION MISSIONARY CONFERENCE
3

POLITICAL PROGRESS OF THE FREEDMEN: Rev. M. E. Strieby
4

THESE MY BRETHREN
6

FIVE TESTS OF AMERICAN CIVILIZATION: Prof. C. D. Hartranft, D. D.
7

RETURN OF REV. FLOYD SNELSON
10

ITEMS FROM THE CHURCHES
10

GENERAL NOTES
11

OUR QUERY COLUMN
14

THE FREEDMEN.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA— Revival in Howard University
14

VIRGINIA— A Destitute County
14

ALABAMA— New Church at Shelby Iron Works—Talladega a Missionary Centre
15

FLORENCE— Thin End of the Wedge—First Thanksgiving Service
16

MISSOURI— Free Schools in the State
17

AFRICA.

THE MENDI MISSION— A Church Organized and Dedicated at Avery
18

THE INDIANS.

THE LATE INDIAN WAR AND CHRISTIANITY: Rev Myron Eells
20

THE CHINESE.

CONGREGATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHRISTIAN CHINESE: Rev. W. C. Pond
21

RECEIPTS
24

WORK, STATISTICS, WANTS, ETC.
27

PLEASE READ, THINK, COPY AND MAIL
28

NEW YORK:

Published by the American Missionary Association,

ROOMS, 56 READE STREET.

Price, 50 Cents a Year, in advance.

American Missionary Association,

56 READE STREET, N. Y.

PRESIDENT.

HON. E. S. TOBEY, Boston.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Hon. F. D. PARISH, Ohio.
Hon. E. D. HOLTON, Wis.
Hon. WILLIAM CLAFLIN, Mass.
Rev. STEPHEN THURSTON, D. D., Me.
Rev. SAMUEL HARRIS, D. D., Ct.
WM. C. CHAPIN, Esq., R. I.
Rev. W. T. EUSTIS, D. D., Mass.
Hon. A. C. BARSTOW, R. I.
Rev. THATCHER THAYER, D. D., R. I.
Rev. RAY PALMER, D. D., N. Y.
Rev. J. M. STURTEVANT, D. D., Ill.
Rev. W. W. PATTON, D. D., D. C.
Hon. SEYMOUR STRAIGHT, La.
HORACE HALLOCK, Esq., Mich.
Rev. CYRUS W. WALLACE, D. D., N. H.
Rev. EDWARD HAWES, Ct.
DOUGLAS PUTNAM, Esq., Ohio.
Hon. THADDEUS FAIRBANKS, Vt.
SAMUEL D. PORTER, Esq., N. Y.
Rev. M. M. G. DANA, D. D., Minn.
Rev. H. W. BEECHER, N. Y.
Gen. O. O. HOWARD, Oregon.
Rev. G. F. MAGOUN, D. D., Iowa.
Col. C. G. HAMMOND, Ill.
EDWARD SPAULDING, M. D., N. H.
DAVID RIPLEY, Esq., N. J.
Rev. WM. M. BARBOUR, D. D., Ct.

Rev. W. L. GAGE, Ct.
A. S. HATCH, Esq., N. Y.
Rev. J. H. FAIRCHILD, D. D., Ohio
Rev. H. A. STIMSON, Minn.
Rev. J. W. STRONG, D. D., Minn.
Rev. GEORGE THACHER, LL. D., Iowa.
Rev. A. L. STONE, D. D., California.
Rev. G. H. ATKINSON, D. D., Oregon.
Rev. J. E. RANKIN, D. D., D. C.
Rev. A. L. CHAPIN, D. D., Wis.
S. D. SMITH, Esq., Mass.
PETER SMITH, Esq., Mass.
Dea. JOHN C. WHITIN, Mass.
Rev. WM. PATTON, D. D., Ct.
Hon. J. B. GRINNELL, Iowa.
Rev. WM. T. CARR, Ct.
Rev. HORACE WINSLOW, Ct.
Sir PETER COATS, Scotland.
Rev. HENRY ALLON, D. D., London, Eng.
WM. E. WHITING, Esq., N. Y.
J. M. PINKERTON, Esq., Mass.
Rev. F. A. NOBLE, D. D., Ct.
DANIEL HAND, Esq., Ct.
A. L. WILLISTON, Esq., Mass.
Rev. A. F. BEARD, D. D., N. Y.
FREDERICK BILLINGS, Esq., Vt.
JOSEPH CARPENTER, Esq., R. I.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

REV. M. E. STRIEBY, D. D., 56 Reade Street, N. Y.

DISTRICT SECRETARIES.

REV. C. L. WOODWORTH, Boston.

REV. G. D. PIKE, New York.
REV. JAS. POWELL, Chicago.

EDGAR KETCHUM, ESQ., Treasurer, N. Y.

H. W. HUBBARD, ESQ., Assistant Treasurer, N. Y.

REV. M. E. STRIEBY, Recording Secretary.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

ALONZO S. BALL,
A. S. BARNES,
EDWARD BEECHER,
GEO. M. BOYNTON,
WM. B. BROWN,

CLINTON B. FISK,
A. P. FOSTER,
E. A. GRAVES,
S. B. HALLIDAY,
SAM’L HOLMES,

S. S. JOCELYN,
ANDREW LESTER,
CHAS. L. MEAD,
JOHN H. WASHBURN,
G. B. WILLCOX.

COMMUNICATIONS

relating to the business of the Association may be addressed to either of the Secretaries as above; letters for the Editor

of the “American Missionary” to Rev. Geo. M. Boynton, at the New York Office.

DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

MAY BE SENT TO H. W. HUBBARD, 56 READE STREET, NEW YORK, OR, WHEN MORE CONVENIENT, TO EITHER OF THE BRANCH
OFFICES, 21 CONGREGATIONAL HOUSE, BOSTON, MASS., 112 WEST WASHINGTON STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. DRAFTS OR CHECKS SENT TO
Mr. Hubbard should be made payable to his order as Assistant Treasurer.
A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a Life Member.
Correspondents are specially requested to place at the head of each letter the name of their Post Office, and the County
and State in which it is located.

[1]

THE

AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

VOL. XXXIII.

JANUARY, 1879.

No. 1.

American Missionary Association.

OUR OUTLOOK FOR 1879.

THE REVIEW OF OUR LAST YEAR’S WORK HAS BEEN SO RECENTLY AND SO FULLY GIVEN IN CONNECTION WITH THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
ASSOCIATION, THAT IT IS SCARCELY NEEDFUL FOR US TO ASK OUR READERS TO JOIN US IN ANOTHER SURVEY OF WHAT HAS ALREADY BEEN
ACCOMPLISHED. IT IS MORE FITTING, AS WE STAND UPON THE THRESHOLD OF THE NEW YEAR, TO ASK WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF THE TIMES,
and what the demands of the work before us.
THERE ARE STILL DARK CLOUDS IN THE SOUTHERN SKY. A MERE GRANTING OF CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS BY FORMAL ENACTMENT IS OF
SMALL IMPORTANCE UNLESS THE RIGHTS THEMSELVES ARE HONESTLY ALLOWED AND FAITHFULLY ACCEPTED. THE ADJUSTMENT OF ALLEGED
WRONGS WE MUST LEAVE TO POLITICIANS IF NOT TO STATESMEN, AND TO COURTS OF LAW IF NOT OF JUSTICE. OUR WORK, OBSCURE AND
REMOTE AS IT MAY SEEM, IS MORE FUNDAMENTAL AND IMPORTANT THAN THAT OF EITHER CONGRESSES OR COURTS. FOR BY WHATEVER
DEFENCES THE FREEDMAN MAY OR MAY NOT BE SURROUNDED, THE ONLY SAFEGUARD OF HIS RIGHTS MUST BE IN HIS FITNESS TO EXERCISE
AND HIS ABILITY TO MAINTAIN THEM. IT IS FOR US, THROUGH ALL THE CHANGES OF THE YEAR, TO KEEP STEADILY TO OUR WORK. IT IS NOT
CHECKED BECAUSE THE WINTER IS UPON US; NOR WILL IT BE OVER WHEN THE SUMMER COMES. IT IS NOT FOR THIS YEAR’S HARVESTING
ALONE THAT WE ARE WORKING; WE ARE SUB-SOILING AND SO LABORING FOR THE PERMANENT RECLAMATION OF THESE VAST FIELDS. WE
BELIEVE THAT MORE DEPENDS UPON THE MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL ELEVATION OF THE FREEDMEN OF OUR LAND, NOT ONLY IN REGARD TO
THEIR WELFARE, BUT IN REGARD TO THE GREAT QUESTIONS OF WHICH THEY ARE ONLY A FACTOR, THAN UPON ANYTHING WHICH CAN BE DONE
FOR THEM BY LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENT OR MILITARY POWER. WE PURPOSE, THEN, TO PRESS ON WITH THE SCHOOL AND THE CHURCH.
INTELLIGENCE AND VIRTUE ARE THE JACHIN AND BOAZ, THE TWO GREAT PILLARS OF THE PORCH OF THE TEMPLE OF AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP
and liberty. While it rests on anything else, it is uncertain and unsafe.
OUR LESSER WORK AT HOME AMONG THE INDIANS AND CHINESE WILL DEMAND THE SAME MODERATE BUT CONSTANT SHARE OF OUR
ATTENTION AS BEFORE. OUR CONNECTION WITH THE SIX INDIAN AGENCIES, THROUGH THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT, IS NOT A MATTER OF
EXPENSE, BUT MAINLY OF TIME AND CARE. IF WE SHALL BE RELIEVED FROM THAT, OUR MISSIONARY WORK WILL STILL REMAIN AND MAY BE
ENLARGED. AND THOUGH THE IMMIGRATION OF CHINAMEN HAS BEEN CHECKED TO SOME DEGREE, AND THEIR INTEREST IN LEARNING
ENGLISH HAS BEEN ABATED BY THE ABUSE THEY HAVE RECEIVED, THE WORK HAS BEEN, AND IS YET, TOO FRUITFUL OF GOOD TO BE GIVEN
up.
OUR AFRICAN MISSION HAS PASSED THROUGH ONE YEAR UNDER ITS NEW ORGANIZATION, WITH APPARENT PROSPERITY AND SUCCESS. WE
shall need to strengthen its forces before long. We shall want both the men and the means.
THERE IS WORK ENOUGH IN OUR OUTLOOK AND ENCOURAGEMENT TO DO IT. WE WOULD REMIND OUR READERS AS WELL AS OURSELVES,
that the year which is most full of sacrifice and service for the Master, is most sure of all to be A Happy New Year.

OUR APPEAL FOR 1879.

OUR FRIENDS ARE THOROUGHLY INFORMED OF THE FACT THAT OUR DEBT OF LATE HAS BEEN RAPIDLY DIMINISHING. WE ARE SORRY TO SAY
THAT the same thing is true of our income. THAT, TOO, HAS BEEN GROWING LESS. WE LEARN THAT THIS IS TRUE, ALSO, OF OUR
SISTER SOCIETIES. THEY, ALSO, HAVE NOTICED A FALLING OFF IN THEIR REVENUES. WE DO NOT LIKE TO MAKE MUCH ADO OVER OUR
TROUBLES; BUT WE HAVE BEEN VERY FRANK IN ACKNOWLEDGING OUR MERCIES, AND WE OWE IT TO THE WORK, AND TO THOSE WHO
sustain it, to tell them our perplexities as well.
OUR RECEIPTS FOR THE LAST TWO MONTHS HAVE BEEN VERY INADEQUATE FOR THE WORK WE HAVE IN HAND. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN TO
US WITH THIS OUTLOOK FOR 1879? DOES IT SIGNIFY WITHDRAWAL FROM FIELDS ALREADY UNDER CULTIVATION? ALREADY THE EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE HAVE HAD UNDER SERIOUS ADVISEMENT TWO CASES, IN WHICH IT WAS NECESSARY EITHER TO STOP FRUITFUL WORK AT
IMPORTANT POINTS OR SPEND A LITTLE MORE MONEY. RETRENCHMENT IS EASIER TO TALK OF THAN TO ACCOMPLISH. IT COSTS AS MUCH
SOMETIMES TO STOP AS TO GO ON. A TEMPORARY SUSPENSION IS SOMETIMES MORE EXPENSIVE THAN CONTINUOUS WORK. OUR
TEACHERS ARE ENGAGED AND OUR BUILDINGS ARE PREPARED FOR THE YEAR. SHALL WE STOP THE WHOLE MACHINERY OF A GREAT FACTORY
to save the price of the gas which lights it? That would be ruinous economy indeed.
BUT WE DO NOT SERIOUSLY BELIEVE THAT THE FRIENDS OF THE THREE MOST NEEDY RACES ON OUR CONTINENT HAVE LOST HEART, OR HOPE,
OR MEANS, TO CARRY OUT THE GENEROUS PLANS THEY HAVE DEVISED. THESE LAST MONTHS OF 1878 HAVE BEEN TRYING ALIKE TO THEM
AND TO US. OUR PLEA IS ONLY THIS, THAT, WITH THE NEW YEAR (IF THE DEBT BE NOT BY THAT TIME ALTOGETHER A THING OF THE PAST),
THERE MAY BE A FRESH AND FINAL ATTACK UPON THAT ENEMY OF OUR PEACE; AND MORE EVEN THAN THIS, THAT THERE MAY BE A FULLER
and a steadier flow of the Lord’s money into our treasury for the wants of the work of 1879.

WE ARE HAPPY TO SAY THAT A GOODLY NUMBER OF LADIES WHOM WE HAVE ASKED TO ASSUME THE RESPONSIBILITY OF RAISING A
SHARE OF $25, TOWARDS THE PAYMENT OF OUR DEBT, HAVE REPLIED FAVORABLY. THE FOLLOWING EXTRACT FROM A LETTER SENT US BY

[2]

ONE WHO HAS BEEN ABUNDANT IN HER EFFORTS FOR THE FREEDMEN, INDICATES THE ENTHUSIASM AND THANKFULNESS WITH WHICH SOME
of the ladies respond:
YOUR KIND LETTER OF NOVEMBER 26TH FOUND ME WATCHING IN THE SICK ROOM OF MY BROTHER; BUT MY HEART WENT RIGHT UP TO
GOD IN GRATITUDE THAT I WAS NOT FORGOTTEN BY THE OFFICERS OF THE A. M. A., AND THAT THEY STILL THINK I CAN DO SOMETHING TO
HELP ON THIS GREAT WORK. I HAVE NEVER CEASED TO BE INTERESTED IN THE WORK IN ALL ITS LENGTH AND BREADTH, AND TO DO WHAT
LITTLE I CAN FOR IT. THE DEBT HAS OCCUPIED MUCH OF MY THOUGHT. I HAVE WANTED TO DO SOMETHING TO HELP PAY IT BEYOND THE
LITTLE I COULD GIVE MYSELF. NOW THAT I CAN GO OUT UNDER YOUR GUARDIANSHIP, I WILL BE ONE OF TWO HUNDRED TO RAISE ONE SHARE
($25), AND AS MUCH MORE AS I CAN. I AM SURE THE DEBT WILL SOON BE PAID. THERE SHOULD BE NO LACK OF FUNDS TO CARRY ON
this work. It is very strange our nation cannot see it and feel it too.
AN OLD AND FAITHFUL FRIEND FROM SAG HARBOR, N. Y., SENDS US THIRTY DOLLARS TO MAKE A LIFE MEMBER. AT THE SAME TIME HE
ASKS US TO STAR THE NAMES OF HIS TWO OLDEST CHILDREN, WHO WERE AMONG THE FIRST OF THE TWENTY WHOM HE HAS THUS ADDED TO
our list. They have gone up higher. He concludes thus:
I WAS MUCH INTERESTED IN READING THE ARTICLE IN DECEMBER NUMBER, PAGE 387, “STUDENTS WANT TO ‘BATCH’—WHO WILL
HELP?” I WOULD LIKE FOR MY $30 TO GO TO ASSIST IN BUILDING ONE OF THOSE $100 HOUSES. CAN’T YOU GET SOME ONE TO ADD THE
OTHER $70, AND PUT UP ONE OF THOSE DWELLINGS FOR THOSE SCHOLARS WHO ARE SO ANXIOUS TO GET AN EDUCATION TO TEACH AND TO
preach?

THE LORD’S WORK AND THE LORD’S COMING.

ONE OF OUR FRIENDS, (REV. T. S. ROBIE, NORTH CARVER, MASS.,) WHO WAS AT OUR ANNUAL MEETING AT TAUNTON, REMEMBERING
DOUBTLESS THAT THE PROPHETIC CONFERENCE WAS IN SESSION DURING THE SAME DAYS IN NEW YORK CITY, PUTS THE TWO THINGS
together thus:
ONE COMES FROM A MEETING LIKE THAT, THROUGH WHICH GLIMPSES ARE CAUGHT OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR WORK, OF OPENINGS BY THE
UNSEEN HAND INTO SPHERES OF SERVICE WHICH STRETCH OUT INTO THE FUTURE BEYOND THE RANGE OF OUR HUMAN VISION, WITH THE
OVERWHELMING CONVICTION THAT THE LORD ISN’T JUST AT PRESENT TO STOP THE WHEELS OF THIS WORLD. IT IS NOT
like THE LORD TO

GIVE SUCH PROBLEMS TO HIS PEOPLE, WHICH ARE PRESSING UPON THIS CHRISTIAN NATION TODAY WITH SUCH POWER, AND WHICH
DEMAND TIME FOR THEIR SOLUTION, AND THEN TO CUT THE GORDIAN KNOT BY THE SWORD OF HIS “COMING,” AS IF HE HAD MET WITH A
TANGLED QUESTION WHICH HE HIMSELF COULD NOT UNTIE. THE RED, BLUE AND WHITE AND BLACK MARBLE, WHICH DIVINE PROVIDENCE
HAS BROUGHT INTO THIS LAND, TELL OF A BUILDING OF GOD GRANDER THAN ANY PERSIAN PALACE, THE FOUNDATIONS OF WHICH SEEM TO BE
JUST BEING LAID, RATHER THAN THE COMPLETION THEREOF TO BE NIGH AT HAND. THE VASTNESS OF THE PREPARATION POINTS TO THE
magnificence of the Lord’s dominion in the hearts and over the lives of men.
THE BOOK OF GOD’S PROVIDENCE IS AS MUCH INSPIRED AS THE BIBLE ITSELF. AND WHOEVER STUDIES THE FORMER AS PRAYERFULLY AS
THE LATTER, MUST LABOR HARD TO STIFLE THE FEELING THAT THE CLOCK OF EARTH, INSTEAD OF GETTING READY TO STOP, IS BEING WOUND UP
TO KEEP GOOD TIME FOR A THOUSAND YEARS, AS A PRELUDE TO THAT PERFECT RIGHTEOUSNESS WHICH SHALL DWELL FOREVER ON THE NEW
earth and beneath the new heavens.

THE LONDON UNION MISSIONARY CONFERENCE.

THE LONDON UNION MISSIONARY CONFERENCE WAS HELD IN NOVEMBER. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES OF AMERICA WERE
REPRESENTED BY DR. CLARK OF THE AMERICAN BOARD, AND DR. O. H. WHITE OF THE FREEDMEN’S AID SOCIETY, OF LONDON,
who also represented the American Missionary Association, to which the F. A. Society is auxiliary. The last gathering of
THE KIND IN ENGLAND WAS IN 1860, AT WHICH ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SIX DELEGATES ASSEMBLED. THE SESSIONS WERE MAINLY
PRIVATE, THE SOCIETIES REPRESENTED WERE CHIEFLY BRITISH, AND PLANS WERE DISCUSSED RATHER THAN ACHIEVEMENTS REPORTED. THIS
LATER MEETING WAS SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT IN ITS CHARACTER. SIX HUNDRED DELEGATES WERE IN ATTENDANCE FROM VARIOUS LANDS AND
DENOMINATIONS OF CHRISTIANS. IT WAS NOT SO MUCH A CONFERENCE ON METHODS AS A COMPARISON OF RESULTS. THE SESSIONS OF
THE WEEK WERE APPORTIONED TO THE WORK IN THE VARIOUS LANDS. A GREAT MASS OF INFORMATION WAS COLLECTED, WHICH WILL
DOUBTLESS BE MORE IMPRESSIVE AND COMPLETE IN THE VOLUME OF PROCEEDINGS TO BE PUBLISHED, THAN IT COULD HAVE BEEN IN THE
hearing.
THE CHARACTER OF THE MEETINGS MAY BE INFERRED FROM THE FOLLOWING SKETCH OF THE TIME DEVOTED TO THE “DARK CONTINENT,” IN
WHICH WE ARE ESPECIALLY INTERESTED. WE COPY FROM THE CORRESPONDENT OF THE
Christian Union: “TWO SESSIONS ON

TUESDAY WERE DEVOTED TO AFRICA AND ITS MANY TRIBES. AN IRISH PEER, THE EARL OF CAVAN, PRESIDED, AND THE ATTENDANCE OF
DELEGATES AND FRIENDS WAS LARGE. DR. UNDERHILL, OF THE BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY, DISCOURSED ON THE BENEFITS OF
EMANCIPATION, AND SHOWED WHAT AN IMPORTANT BEARING THE EVANGELIZING OF THE NEGRO RACE MUST HAVE ON THE CONVERSION OF
ALL WEST AFRICA. SIR FOWELL BUXTON, THE SON OF THE GREAT ADVOCATE OF EMANCIPATION FORTY YEARS AGO, DESCRIBED THE THREE
SCHEMES NOW BEING CARRIED OUT FOR PLANTING NEW MISSIONS ON THE THREE GREAT LAKES OF CENTRAL AFRICA. DR. STEWART, OF THE
FREE CHURCH MISSION AT LIVINGSTONIA, ON LAKE NYASSA, DESCRIBED THE PRINCIPLE AND THE PLAN OF THE MISSIONARY INSTITUTION
AT LOVEDALE, IN THE CAPE COLONY, WHICH HE HAS MANAGED FOR SEVERAL YEARS. THIS IS A MODEL INSTITUTION, WITH INDUSTRIAL AS
WELL AS EDUCATIONAL AND THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENTS; AND IS JUST THE THING WHICH THE NATIVE TRIBES OF SOUTH AFRICA NEED FOR
THEIR ENLIGHTENMENT. DR. LOWE, THE SECRETARY OF THE EDINBURGH MEDICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY, ALSO READ AN ADMIRABLE
PAPER ON THE WORK, METHODS AND USEFULNESS OF MEDICAL MISSIONS GENERALLY. SEVERAL OF THE MEDICAL MISSIONARIES WHO HAVE
recently gone out to Africa were Dr. Lowe’s pupils.
“AMONG THE EFFECTIVE SPEAKERS ON THESE AFRICAN MISSIONS WERE DR. WAUGEMANN, OF BERLIN, WHO DESCRIBED THE WORK OF

[3]

[4]

THE BERLIN SOCIETY, ESPECIALLY IN THE TRANSVAAL; DR. WHITE, OF THE FREEDMEN’S AID MISSION; THE REV. E. SCHRENCK, OF
BASLE, WHO SPOKE OF WORK IN ASHANTEE; AND THE REV. DR. MOFFAT, WHO TOLD THE CONFERENCE ABOUT HIS BECHUANAS, AND OF
COURSE WITH HIS STRONG GRAY HAIR AND HIS EIGHTY-THREE YEARS OF AGE AND SIXTY-TWO YEARS OF SERVICE FOR CHRIST, RECEIVED AN
OVATION AT ITS HANDS. THE NOBLE PRESENCE AND THE STIRRING WORDS OF THE GRAND OLD MAN ON THE AFRICAN DAY WERE A STRIKING
feature in the meetings of the Conference.”
SUCH GATHERINGS MUST HELP ON THE CAUSE OF CHRISTIAN COMITY IN MISSIONS, AS WELL AS BROADEN THE VIEWS OF ALL WHO ARE
ENGAGED IN WORKING THE FIELD UNDER THEIR HANDS. IT IS WELL TO LOOK UP SOMETIMES FROM OUR OWN FURROW, EVEN IF WE HAVE TO
stop ploughing for a little, that we may realize that the field is the world, and that the harvest belongs to one Master.

THE POLITICAL PROGRESS OF THE FREEDMEN.

BY REV. M. E. STRIEBY.

WAS IT WISE TO GIVE THE BALLOT TO THE EX-SLAVES? THE ANSWER THAT CAME IN THE HOUR IT WAS GIVEN, FROM THE CONGRESS THAT
GAVE IT, FROM THE NORTHERN PEOPLE THAT SUSTAINED IT, AND FROM THE COLORED PEOPLE THAT ENJOYED IT, WAS AN EMPHATIC AND
ENTHUSIASTIC “YES!” THE ANSWER THAT CAME AT THAT HOUR FROM THE SOUTHERN WHITE MAN WAS IN A SUPPRESSED VOICE, AND WAS
AN EXECRATION HISSED OUT BETWEEN GRINDING TEETH. SINCE THAT HOUR THE VOICE OF THE SOUTHERN WHITE MAN HAS GROWN FIRMER,
AND, AS IT CAME UP FROM MISGOVERNED SOUTH CAROLINA AND LOUISIANA, HAS ROUNDED OUT INTO A FULL-TONED “NO!” NAY,
MORE, IT HAS BEEN RE-ECHOED FROM THE NORTH, AND RECENTLY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS FROM THE LIPS OF ONE OF THE PUREST
CHRISTIAN SCHOLARS ON THE HEIGHTS OF CHRISTIAN LEARNING IN NEW ENGLAND. WHAT ANSWER DO I GIVE? UNHESITATINGLY, “YES!” I
SAY NOTHING ABOUT THE MERE PARTY REASON GIVEN EITHER THEN OR SINCE, FOR I DO NOT WRITE AS A PARTISAN. I PUT THE WISDOM OF
the ballot on more substantial grounds.
1. IT SAVED THE FREEDMEN FROM BEING AGAIN REDUCED TO SLAVERY. VAGRANT LAWS
WERE PASSED, WHICH CONFINED THEM TO THE

PLANTATIONS ON WHICH THEY HAD ENGAGED TO WORK, THE END OF WHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN A SERFDOM ATTACHING THEM TO THE SOIL.
The ballot saved them from this.
2. IT GAVE THE FREEDMEN AND THE SOUTH A FREE SCHOOL SYSTEM—A GREATER BOON THAN SOUTHERN LEGISLATION EVER GAVE THEM
BEFORE—A BOON WITHOUT WHICH ALL ELSE WOULD HAVE BEEN WELL-NIGH IN VAIN. THAT SYSTEM WAS MODELED AFTER THE BEST
PATTERNS AT THE NORTH, AND ALTHOUGH IT HAS BEEN SOMEWHAT MODIFIED AND ENFEEBLED IN PRACTICAL OPERATION, IS YET A SOLID
corner-stone in the foundation of the new superstructure which the South is rearing.
3. THE BALLOT GAVE THE FREEDMAN A SENSE OF SELF-RESPECT, AND COMMANDED FOR HIM THE RESPECT OF OTHERS. TO HIM IT WAS
AN EDUCATION AND AN INSPIRATION. IT GAVE HIM THE STANDING OF A MAN AMONG MEN, AND PROMPTED HIM TO BECOME WORTHY OF
HIS POSITION. IT WAS A POWER TO HIM IN THE EARLY DAYS OF HIS FREEDOM, WHEN HE NEEDED EVERY HELP TO SUSTAIN HIM IN THAT
FREEDOM; AND TO-DAY, THOUGH IT IS HELD IN CHECK AND ALMOST USELESS, YET IT IS A SLUMBERING GIANT, AND IS WATCHED WITH
respectful caution by the whites. For who can tell what such a slumbering power might do if aroused?
AT PRESENT THE BLACK VOTER IS POLITICALLY CONQUERED. THE “WHITE MAN’S GOVERNMENT” IS ESTABLISHED, AND IT IS THE PURPOSE
OF THE WHITE MAN THAT IT SHALL REMAIN SO. THIS HAS BEEN EASILY ATTAINED IN THE STATES WHERE THE WHITE MAJORITY IS
UNDOUBTED. IN THE FEW STATES WHERE THE BLACKS ARE IN THE MAJORITY, THE WHITE MAN IS DETERMINED TO RULE, PEACEABLY IF HE
CAN, FORCIBLY IF HE MUST. THE CHISHOLM MURDER AND THE HAMBURG MASSACRE ARE BUT SAMPLES OF THE METHODS THAT WILL BE
RESORTED TO IF THE EFFORT IS PUSHED PERSISTENTLY TO RESTORE THE SUPREMACY OF THE BLACK MAN IN POLITICS. WHEN WE REMEMBER
HOW THAT SUPREMACY IN THOSE STATES WAS ABUSED, HOW CAN WE ASK THE RESTORATION IF THE ABUSE MUST AGAIN FOLLOW? THE
PROBLEM IS DIFFICULT. IT CAN BE SOLVED ONLY BY ONE FORMULA. THE BLACK MAN MUST BE PROTECTED IN HIS POLITICAL RIGHTS, AND HE
must be so enlightened as to use and not abuse those rights. There will be no permanent advantage from a mere partisan
TRIUMPH OF THE BLACK MAN. IF ACHIEVED, AS MATTERS NOW STAND, BAYONETS WILL AGAIN BE NEEDED TO SUSTAIN IT, AND WILL
BECOME ONCE MORE A SOURCE OF ANGRY DISCUSSION AT THE NORTH AND OF CONCENTRATED BITTERNESS AT THE SOUTH. THE
EXPERIMENT MAY AGAIN BE NECESSARY; BUT A FAR BETTER THING SHOULD BE SPEEDILY, STEADILY AND EFFICIENTLY PUSHED FORWARD—
the training of the colored voter for an intelligent and responsible manhood and citizenship.
IF EVERY COLORED VOTER COULD BE ACCOMPANIED TO THE POLLS BY A FILE OF SOLDIERS ARMED WITH MUSKETS, HIS BALLOT WOULD
REPRESENT THE MUSKET AND NOT THE MAN. BUT IF HE BECOMES A PROPERTY OWNER, WITH ALL THE INTEREST IN THE WELFARE OF THE
COMMUNITY WHICH PROPERTY GIVES; IF HE IS EDUCATED AND CAN TAKE AN
intelligent INTEREST IN THE WELFARE OF THE COMMUNITY;

AND IF HE ACQUIRES A WEIGHT OF CHARACTER THAT CHALLENGES RESPECT, HE WILL NEED NO SOLDIERS TO GUARD HIM TO THE POLLS, AND
his vote will represent the man and not the musket.
WHEN THE BLACK MAN SHALL REACH SUCH A POSITION HE CONQUERS CASTE-PREJUDICE AND WIPES OUT THE COLOR-LINE IN POLITICS.
COLOR IS SIGNIFICANT ONLY AS IT REPRESENTS CONDITION. CHANGE THE CONDITION AND THE COLOR IS OF NO CONSEQUENCE. WITH THAT
CHANGE THE WHITE AND BLACK MEN AT THE SOUTH WILL DIVIDE ON POLITICS AS WHITE MEN DO AT THE NORTH, FROM DIFFERING VIEWS
as to the best measures to promote public weal.
LOOK ON THIS PICTURE: AN ARMED AND ORGANIZED MOB IS BREAKING UP A POLITICAL GATHERING OF THE BLACKS AND THEIR FRIENDS,
AND IN THE BACKGROUND ARE THE
OVERAWED FREEDMEN RETIRING FROM THE POLLS. LOOK, ALSO, ON THIS PICTURE: A COMPANY OF

UNITED STATES SOLDIERS ARE KEEPING GUARD OVER A BODY OF LEGISLATORS, MOSTLY BLACK, WHO, WITH RECKLESS RASCALITY, ARE
SQUANDERING THE PUBLIC FUNDS, TO THE RUIN OF THE STATE AND THE DISGRACE OF THE NATION. TURN NOT FROM THESE PICTURES WITH
INDIFFERENCE, FOR THEY ARE NO FANCY SKETCHES; NAY, FACE THEM, FOR THE HISTORY OF AT LEAST TWO STATES OF THIS UNION IS LIABLE TO
BE A PERPETUAL OSCILLATION BETWEEN THE TWO. BUT NOW LOOK ON THIS PICTURE: A COLORED MAN IS TILLING HIS LAND, ADORNING HIS
HOME, AND GATHERING AROUND HIM THE REFINEMENTS OF LIFE. NEAR BY IS THE SCHOOL-HOUSE, WHERE HIS CHILDREN, WITH HUNDREDS

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OF OTHERS, ARE RECEIVING THE INSTRUCTION OF SKILFUL TEACHERS, AND NOT FAR OFF IS THE CHURCH EDIFICE WHERE THAT MAN AND HIS
neighbors worship God under the ministration of a well educated and pious minister.
WHICH PICTURE DO WE CHOOSE, NOT AS A MATTER OF ARTISTIC PREFERENCE, BUT AS THE PRACTICAL MODEL FOR PATRIOTIC WORK? THE
ONLY SAFETY IS TO EXTEND THAT LAST PICTURE TILL IT SHALL COVER THE WHOLE CANVAS AND BLOT OUT THE OTHER TWO. IN THAT WAY ONLY
can a life and death struggle between two irreconcilable forces be avoided.

“THESE MY BRETHREN.”

IN THE SAVIOUR’S GREAT “INASMUCH” THERE IS THE POWER OF PERSONALITY. “I WAS AN HUNGERED; I WAS THIRSTY; I WAS NAKED; I
WAS A STRANGER; I WAS SICK; I WAS IN PRISON.” IT WAS CHRIST IN THE PERSON OF THESE SUFFERING AND LOWLY ONES; AND SERVICE
DONE TO THEM WAS DONE TO HIM. HE MIGHT WELL HAVE STOPPED THERE. BUT THE MARVEL OF HIS PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION WITH
THEM IS IN THE RELATIONSHIP WHICH HE CLAIMS BETWEEN HIMSELF AND THEM—“
these my brethren.” OH, THE TOUCHING

CONDESCENSION TO NAME THEM BY THIS TITLE! WHAT WE DO FOR THESE HUMBLE AND DESOLATE ONES WE ARE NOT ONLY DOING FOR
OUR LORD, BUT FOR THE BRETHREN OF OUR LORD. HE TAKES IT AS A SPECIAL FAVOR TO HIMSELF. AND THIS SERVICE IS GRADUATED TO THE
LOWEST CAPACITY—IT IS SERVICE DONE TO ONLY
one OF THE least OF THESE. THE STANDARD IS NOT THAT WE SHOULD SERVE THE MASS

OF THESE HIS BRETHREN, BUT ANY ONE OF THEM, ACCORDING TO THE MEASURE OF OUR ABILITY, EVEN DOWN TO A SINGLE ACT DONE TO
ONE OF THEM IN THE RIGHT SPIRIT AND AS A REVELATION OF A CHARACTER IN WHICH WE DELIGHT. THEN THE OBLIGATION RUNS UP TO AS
great a number as our opportunity and our ability may reach.
THE INTERVENTION OF ORGANIC EFFICIENCY GREATLY MULTIPLIES THE DUTY AND THE PRIVILEGE OF THE INDIVIDUAL. THE AMERICAN
MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION, AS HAS BEEN POTENTLY SAID, IS SET FOR THE CARE OF THE THREE DESPISED RACES IN OUR COUNTRY. THOUGH
THE INDIAN AND THE NEGRO AND THE CHINAMAN ARE THE OBJECTS OF PREJUDICE AND VIOLENCE AND INJUSTICE AND HATRED ON THE
PART OF OUR PEOPLE, NEVERTHELESS CHRIST SPEAKS OF THEM AS AMONG “THESE MY BRETHREN;” AND THE PRAYERS AND THE
SYMPATHY, AND THE SERVICE AND THE GIVING OF SUBSTANCE IN THEIR BEHALF HE COUNTS AS RENDERED TO HIM. THIS ORGANIZATION
CANNOT DISCHARGE ANY ONE’S PERSONAL DUTY, BUT ITS INSTRUMENTALITY IS OFFERED TO ALL WHO WOULD USE IT IN THE DISCHARGE OF
INDIVIDUAL OBLIGATION TO CHRIST AND TO HIS BRETHREN. ITS OPPORTUNITIES BELONG TO ALL WHO WOULD USE THEM, AND BY THESE A
single Christian may reach not only “unto one of the least of these,” but unto many.
AT THE GREAT DAY, WHEN THE MASTER SHALL SURPRISE YOU, HUMBLE CHRISTIAN, WITH A BENEDICTION FOR SERVICE RENDERED TO HIS
BRETHREN AMONG THESE DESPISED ONES, AND YOU DEPRECATINGLY ANSWER,
when AND where, HIS REVEALING RESPONSE MAY BE

—when YOU REACHED THEM WITH YOUR PRAYERS AND YOUR SUBSTANCE THROUGH THAT ASSOCIATION WHICH OFFERED YOU ITS MEANS
OF OPERATION. AND SURELY ALL ITS WORKERS AMONG
THESE OUTCAST PEOPLES, IN THE OSTRACISM AND OPPOSITION AND HATRED WHICH

CONFRONT THEM, MAY EVEN IN THIS LIFE HAVE THEIR ABUNDANT RECOMPENSE IN THIS, THAT THEY ARE SERVING THOSE WHOM THE MASTER
owns as “these my brethren.”

FIVE TESTS OF AMERICAN CIVILIZATION.

Notes of an Address at the Annual Meeting.

BY PROF. C. D. HARTRANFT, D. D. HARTFORD, CONN.

(1.) THE INDIANS, THE NEGROES AND THE CHINESE I REGARD AS THE DIVINELY APPOINTED AGENTS BY WHICH THE PRINCIPLES THAT
UNDERLIE AMERICAN CIVILIZATION ARE TO BE FINALLY TESTED. EVERY UTTERANCE ON THE FOURTH OF JULY, FROM THE DECLARATION OF
Independence till this hour, has made the right of asylum a pre-eminent feature of American civilization. So whenever a
MAN HAS BEEN IMPELLED BY THE DICTATES OF HIS CONSCIENCE TO LEAVE HIS NATIVE LAND AND SEEK A FOREIGN SHORE, THAT HE MIGHT
NOT BE COMPELLED TO LIVE IN FALSE ALLIANCE WITH THE CHURCH AND WORSHIP GOD IN A WAY HE DID NOT ELECT; WHENEVER A MAN,
FULL OF NOBLE IMPULSES, HAS FELT THE HOPELESSNESS OF HIS LIFE, SO FAR AS ANY AMBITIOUS SCHEME WAS CONCERNED; OR THE
EDUCATION OF HIS CHILDREN—A MAN FEELING THE TYRANNY OF CONTINUOUS LABOR, WITHOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF ACCUMULATION—THIS
MAN HAS EVER BEEN GLADLY WELCOMED TO AMERICA. SO THE PURITAN, SO THE HUGUENOT, SO THE DUTCHMAN, SO THE LUTHERAN—
WHATEVER A MAN’S RELIGIOUS TRAINING, AMERICA HAS GIVEN HIM HEARTY GREETING. EVEN THE ATHEIST AND THE INFIDEL HAVE FOUND A
REFUGE UNDER THE FOLDS OF THIS FLAG. AMERICA HAS WELCOMED THEM TO THE SHADOW OF HER PINES AND PALMETTOES AND TO HER
GOLDEN PACIFIC. BUT WHAT A NIGGARDLY RIGHT OF ASYLUM DOES SHE GIVE TO THE POOR NEGRO, AS HE IS EMANCIPATED FROM HIS
bonds; and to the wretched Indian, whom she shuts up in Western territories; and, most of all, to the poor Chinaman, as
HE COMES FROM HIS JOSS-HOUSE, WITH THE INSTINCTS OF A HIGHER CIVILIZATION IMPELLING HIM FROM THE STAGNATION OF CENTURIES TO
the shores of the Pacific!
IT BEHOOVES US TO INQUIRE WHETHER THIS PRECIOUS RIGHT OF ASYLUM IS TO BE DENIED TO THE WEAKER RACES; WHETHER WE ARE
GOING TO LOSE THIS PECULIAR FEATURE OF OUR NATION, THAT THROWS ITS BROAD LAND OPEN TO THE WORLD. IS IT NOT TRUE NOW, AS IN THE
PAST, THAT THIS IS A VAST SANCTUARY, AND THAT IF A MAN LAYS HOLD OF THE HORNS OF ITS ALTAR, THERE SHALL BE NOTHING TO DRAG HIM
FROM HIS POSSESSION OF FREEDOM? HE STANDS ON HOLY GROUND. IN THE BRITISH ISLANDS, THE RACES THAT HAVE APPEARED IN ITS
HISTORY HAVE BEEN AMALGAMATED—WELDED BY THE MACE AND THE BATTLE-AXE. IN FRANCE, THE VARIOUS TRIBES AND RACES THAT,
ONE AFTER ANOTHER, POSSESSED THAT LAND, WERE WOVEN TOGETHER, IN WARP AND WOOF, BY FIRE AND BLOOD. IN GERMANY, THE
PRUSSIANS HAVE BROUGHT TOGETHER THAT GREAT MASS OF PEOPLE AS ONE, THROUGH BITTER AND TREMENDOUS WARS, THE ECHOES OF
WHICH HAVE SCARCE DIED AWAY. AMERICA PROPOSES A FAR DIFFERENT SOLUTION. SHE RECOGNIZES THE NOBILITY OF THE
CHARACTERISTICS DEVELOPED BY THE VARIOUS RACES. SHE WANTS THE AFRICAN, THE CHINAMAN, THE TEUTON—ALL RACES—TO LABOR

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side by side; to develop not only her wealth and prosperity, but, most of all, the typical American humanity.
AMERICAN CIVILIZATION CAN BETTER ENDURE THE SAVAGERY OF THE INDIAN, THE IGNORANCE AND BRUTALITY OF THE NEGRO, AND THE
SEMI-CIVILIZATION OF THE CHINESE, THAN IT CAN AFFORD TO FRATERNIZE WITH A CIVILIZATION THAT IS IMPREGNATED WITH A SPIRIT OF
ECCLESIASTICISM, OR ENDURE THE PHILOSOPHIES OF ST. LOUIS OR THE INTERNATIONALS. RATHER IS IT FOR US TO OVERCOME THESE FORCES
THAT ARE THE OUTCROPPINGS OF CENTURIES OF ROMAN DEVELOPMENT, AS WELL AS THOSE OF INDIAN OR CHINESE OR NEGRO SEMI-
civilization.
THIS RIGHT OF ASYLUM INVOLVES ANOTHER THING—THE RIGHT OF A MAN TO SAY, “I WILL LEAVE THIS LAND AND GO TO ANOTHER”—
the

right to migrate IF HE DOES NOT FIND THINGS SUBSERVIENT TO HIM. WE ONCE HAILED THE IRISHMAN TO COME AND BUILD OUR
RAILROADS. WE WELCOME THE GERMAN NOW, AS HE COMES AND TERRACES OUR MOUNTAINS AND TEACHES US HOW TO GARDEN. WE
WELCOME THE FRENCHMAN—WE WELCOME ALL. BUT WE SAY, “LO! POOR INDIAN, GO WEST. EAST OF THE APPALACHIAN IS TOO
GOOD FOR YOU; WE WANT IT. GO WEST; GO WEST. WE WILL GIVE NO REST TO THE SOLES OF YOUR FEET.” DO WE WANT THE BLACK
Hills? Migrate! We will surround you with a cordon of soldiers and a cordon of Government agents, who will eat the life
out of you. Keep on, poor ignorant, keep on!
As to the African, there are not a few Americans, even in this day, who think a righteous solution of the African question
IS TO SHIP THEM ALL OFF TO THE DARK CONTINENT. SO FAR AS THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY KEEPS IN VIEW EDUCATION AND
OTHER CHRISTIAN INSTRUMENTALITIES, I BID THEM GOD-SPEED; BUT IF THEY DESIRE TO SEND THE NEGRO OUT OF THE COUNTRY, I SAY,
No!—a thousand times, No! Let us solve the problem right here where God has placed them.
AND WE SAY TO THE CHINESE, AS HE COMES UPON HIS SHIP, “TURN YOUR PROW BACK TOWARDS THE FLOWERY KINGDOM; DON’T
TOUCH OUR GOLDEN WEST.” IS THAT THE SPIRIT THAT WELCOMES THE IRISHMAN, THE GERMAN, THE ITALIAN, THE FRENCHMAN? WHY NOT
give as broad an opening to the Chinaman as to the Irishman?
(2.) IN THE NEXT PLACE, GOD IS TESTING THAT PRINCIPLE WHICH IS SET FORTH IN THE PREAMBLE OF OUR CONSTITUTION—
the right of a

man to pursue happiness in such a way as he may elect, PROVIDED HE DOES NO WRONG TO HIS NEIGHBOR. AND I OPINE
THAT ALTHOUGH HAPPINESS INVOLVES THE PURSUIT OF HIGHER AIMS, IT BEGINS ON THE BASIS OF LABOR. LABOR IS THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENT
OF AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. IF I LABOR, THEN I HAVE THE RIGHT OF CHOICE TO ENTER INTO WHATEVER LABOR I PLEASE. NO MATTER
WHETHER I AM AN ADEPT OR NOT, CIRCUMSTANCES WILL GIVE THE VERDICT. WITH THE RIGHT OF CHOICE OF A MAN’S CALLING COMES THE
RIGHT OF COMPETITION. CARRY IT TO ITS EXTREME, IF YOU PLEASE. IF THERE ARE FIFTY-TWO THOUSAND CLERKS, I HAVE A RIGHT TO
BECOME THE FIFTY-TWO THOUSAND AND FIRST, AND STARVE. THEN, AFTER THE INHERENT RIGHT OF LABOR FOLLOWS THE RIGHT TO SUCH
PROPERTY AS I MAY ACCUMULATE. WHAT I MAY PRODUCE, THAT IS MINE ABSOLUTELY, AND NO MAN CAN TOUCH IT. HERE WE ARE
BROUGHT FACE TO FACE WITH THIS TREMENDOUS QUESTION BETWEEN IRISH AND GERMAN LABOR, AND THE LOW-PRICED LABOR OF EITHER
THE NEGRO OR THE CHINAMAN. BUT, AMERICAN CITIZENS AND CHRISTIANS, IF WE RESPECT THE RIGHT OF A MAN TO EXERCISE SUCH
FUNCTIONS AS GOD HAS GIVEN HIM IN SUCH WAY AS HIS CONSCIENCE MAY DICTATE, AND TO CHOOSE HIS OWN OCCUPATION, SHALL WE
NOT DEFEND THIS RIGHT OF LABOR, AND THE RIGHT TO PURSUE HAPPINESS AS EACH MAY ELECT, AND IN THE FACE OF COMMUNISM,
defend the right of the Chinese to enter the market and compete with all labor of whatever nationality?
(3.) There is a third right or principle put to the test—that every man is equal before the law. WHETHER HE BE JEW OR
GENTILE, IRISHMAN OR GERMAN, NEGRO OR CHINAMAN, HE IS THE EQUAL OF ALL MEN BEFORE GOD. BUT WHAT JUSTICE CAN A
Chinaman get out of a Hoodlum court? What justice has the Negro got out of a Southern court? To the establishment of
THAT JUSTICE WE MUST BEND OUR ENERGIES, FOR IT IS VITAL TO OUR INSTITUTIONS THAT A MAN BEFORE THE LAW IS EQUAL WITH HIS
NEIGHBOR. IF YOU HAVE BROKEN THE SHACKLES OF THE NEGRO, BREAK THOSE OF THE INDIAN. IF HE OUTRAGES THE LAW, TRY HIM BY
PROCESS OF THE LAW AND MAKE HIM AMENABLE, BUT DEAL WITH HIM AS A CITIZEN. I OPINE THAT WE SHALL ARRIVE AT THIS, SOONER OR
later. Of course this includes with it the privilege of every one to enter public life, provided he proves his capacity.
(4.) BUT THERE IS ANOTHER PRINCIPLE BEING TESTED, AND THAT IS
the right of education. IT IS A SETTLED POINT IN THE

DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN CIVILIZATION, THAT EDUCATION IS ESSENTIAL TO THE PROPER DISCIPLINE OF THE CITIZEN—SOME DEGREE, AT
LEAST, OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION. NOW WHEN, ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF 1870, IN THE STATES OF MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS, 96
PER CENT. OF THE COLORED PEOPLE WERE THOROUGHLY IGNORANT; AND WHEN IN ANOTHER STATE, 95 PER CENT. WERE COMPLETELY
IGNORANT; IN ANOTHER, 93 PER CENT.; IN TWO OTHERS, 91 PER CENT.; AND IN A LAST ONE, 90 PER CENT.; 88 PER CENT. OF THE ENTIRE
COLORED PEOPLE OF THE SOUTH BEING IN PERFECT IGNORANCE;—DOES IT NOT BEHOOVE US TO HAVE A LAW FOR COMPULSORY
EDUCATION IF WE HOPE TO HAVE TRUE CULTURE AND CITIZENSHIP? WAS OUR LATE PRESIDENT FAR FROM RIGHT WHEN HE BROUGHT
FORWARD THIS IDEA? WHAT SALVATION IS THERE FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES UNLESS UNIVERSAL EDUCATION SHALL BE CARRIED INTO EFFECT?
AS THE RIGHT TO ENTER INTO COMPETITION IS INHERENT AS MUCH AS THE RIGHT OF CHOICE IN LABOR, SO WE REGARD THE RIGHT OF CHOICE
of one’s religion. The whole way should be made open for the highest acquisition of intellectual and moral knowledge.
(5.) SO, TOO, OUR PROTESTANT CHRISTIANITY IS UNDER TEST. AND HERE WE ARE ENCOUNTERED AT ONCE BY THE FACT THAT CHRISTIANS
STILL CULTIVATE THE CASTE SPIRIT. IF THE JEW DREW SUCH A SUBTLE LINE BETWEEN HIMSELF AND THE GENTILE, THE WHITE CHRISTIAN
DRAWS A SIMILAR LINE BETWEEN HIMSELF AND THE BLACK CHRISTIAN. IF THE GREEK CONSIDERED HIMSELF TO BE OF SUCH HIGH
intelligence that he classed all others as barbarians, Christians allow their prejudices to make the same broad distinctions
BETWEEN DIFFERENT CLASSES OF HUMANITY, WHICH IT WAS THE OFFICE OF JESUS CHRIST—BLESSED BE HIS NAME!—TO OBLITERATE AND
UTTERLY EXTINGUISH. THAT PREJUDICE, THAT CASTE SPIRIT WHICH CHRISTIANS CULTIVATE IN THE NORTH TO AN EXTENT THAT AMOUNTS TO
SOCIAL OSTRACISM, MUST BE BROKEN DOWN, IF WE WOULD MAINTAIN PROTESTANT CHRISTIANITY. FURTHER, THIS QUESTION CONNECTS
itself with the true missionary spirit. THE BEST WAY TO EVANGELIZE CHINA IS TO EVANGELIZE THE CHINESE AS THEY COME TO THE
PACIFIC COAST. THE BEST WAY TO EVANGELIZE AFRICA IS TO EVANGELIZE THE AFRICAN NEGRO OF THE SOUTH. OVER AGAINST
PROTESTANT CHRISTIANS IN THE SOUTH AND THE CHINESE ON THE PACIFIC IS THAT DARK POWER WHICH HAS INVOLVED THE WORLD IN
HOPELESS CONTENTIONS. THERE STANDS THE JESUIT WITH HIS DEEP, TREACHEROUS FEATURES, HIS CHARACTERLESS CASUISTRY, AND HIS
SACRIFICE OF ALL THINGS ELSE TO GLORIFY THE CHURCH OF ROME, NO MATTER WHAT MAY BE THE RESULT ON HIS COUNTRY. THAT SUBTLE

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POWER WHICH PERMEATES OUR POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS WITH SUCH GREAT MAGNITUDE AND FORCE, STANDS FACE TO FACE WITH
PROTESTANTISM IN THE SOUTH—WITH THE NEGRO QUESTION, THE CHINESE QUESTION, AND THE INDIAN QUESTION. IF WE ARE TO SERVE
PROTESTANT CHRISTIANITY, WE MUST FREE OURSELVES OF CASTE, AND LEARN TO LOVE THE AFRICAN AND THE CHINAMAN AT OUR DOORS. IT
IS EASY TO SPEAK WELL OF THE CHINAMAN AWAY OFF IN CHINA—TO HAVE AN OVERFLOW OF SYMPATHY FOR THE POOR AFRICAN AWAY
IN THE DARK CONTINENT; BUT IT IS A VERY DIFFERENT THING TO HAVE SYMPATHY FOR THEM IN THIS COUNTRY. THE SPIRIT OF THE GOSPEL OF
Jesus Christ must actuate us and lead us to this.
THESE, THEN, ARE the five great principles THAT UNDERLIE AMERICAN CIVILIZATION—PRINCIPLES THAT ARE BEING TESTED BY THESE
THREE RACES OR NATIONALITIES. OUR PROFESSIONS ARE LARGE. LET US LIVE UP TO THEM IN THESE FIVE GREAT PRINCIPLES. IT IS LORD
BACON WHO SAYS THAT “WHEN HEMPE IS SPUN, ENGLAND IS DONE”—MEANING THAT WHEN HENRY, ELIZABETH, MARY, PHILIP AND
EDWARD HAD PASSED AWAY, ENGLAND WOULD BE DONE. WE MAY SAY THAT
if these five principles—THE RIGHT OF ASYLUM, THE

RIGHT OF LABOR, OF POLITICAL FREEDOM, OF EDUCATION, AND FREE PLAY TO PROTESTANT CHRISTIANITY BE DONE—AMERICA IS DONE.
God save the State!
AND WHAT IS THE AGENCY—OR ONE AGENCY—BY WHICH THAT MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED?
THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION,

BECAUSE IT GIVES US CHRISTIAN EDUCATION. BECAUSE IT BRINGS TOGETHER THE COLLEGE, THE CHURCH AND THE HOME. AND WILL NOT
YOUR DEVOTION TO A PURE CHRISTIANITY, FREE FROM THE SPIRIT OF CASTE, AND FILLED WITH THE SPIRIT OF GENUINE LOVE, MANIFEST ITSELF
BY YOUR SUPPORT OF SUCH AN ASSOCIATION? MAY WE NOT GAUGE YOUR FEELINGS IN REGARD TO THESE FIVE PRINCIPLES BY THE
SUPPORT YOU GIVE TO SUCH A SOCIETY? MAY WE NOT IMPLORE YOU THAT AS YOU VALUE THE RIGHTS OF PROPERTY AND FREE
GOVERNMENT YOU ARRAY YOURSELF SOLIDLY AGAINST COMMUNISM AND ITS ALLY—ROMANISM; BECAUSE THESE ARE CRAFTILY WORKING
together.
WOULD YOU BEHOLD FREE PROTESTANT CHRISTIANITY ESTABLISHED IN THIS COUNTRY? THEN GIVE YOUR SUPPORT TO THIS ASSOCIATION,
that these three races may prove us to be a people who love liberty in its deepest significance as liberty in Christ.

RETURN OF REV. FLOYD SNELSON.

JUST AFTER THE ANNUAL MEETING WE LEARNED THAT THE HEALTH OF MRS. SNELSON WAS IN SUCH CONDITION AS TO MAKE HER SPEEDY
RETURN FROM THE MENDI MISSION, WEST AFRICA, A PROBABLE NECESSITY. HER HUSBAND HAS ARRIVED WITH HERSELF, THEIR CHILDREN,
AND THOSE OF DR. JAMES, WHOSE WIFE HAD DIED ABROAD. THE CHANGE OF CLIMATE AND OF OCCUPATION HAS ALREADY PROVED OF
GREAT BENEFIT TO HER. IT IS A GREAT DISAPPOINTMENT TO US ALL TO LOSE SO SOON THE EARNEST AND DISCREET SERVICE OF THE HEAD OF
OUR MENDI MISSION. WHETHER HE WILL BE ABLE TO RETURN OR NOT IS STILL AN UNSETTLED QUESTION. BUT THESE EXPERIENCES ARE
TEACHING US SOME VALUABLE LESSONS. FIRST OF THEM IS THIS,—THAT WE MUST SEND NO MEN OR WOMEN TO THE WEST COAST OF
AFRICA WITHOUT SUBMITTING THEM TO A SEVERE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, SUCH AS IS REQUIRED FOR ENLISTMENT INTO THE ARMY OR AS A
PREREQUISITE TO A LIFE INSURANCE POLICY. FOR WE FIND THAT UPON THOSE WHO WENT FROM THIS COUNTRY IN THOROUGHLY SOUND
HEALTH, WITH NO WEAKNESS FROM PREVIOUS DISEASE OR TENDENCY TO SPECIAL COMPLAINTS, THE CLIMATE HAS HAD LITTLE OR NO BAD
EFFECT; BUT WHERE THERE WAS ANY SUCH PREDISPOSITION OR IMPAIRMENT OF PHYSICAL VIGOR, THE MALARIAL HEATS OF THE WEST COAST
HAVE HASTENED ITS RAPID DEVELOPMENT. WE SEND NO MORE RECRUITS, THEN, WITHOUT MEDICAL ATTESTATION TO THEIR SOUNDNESS OF
body, in addition to the testimony we have heretofore required as to their intellectual and spiritual health.
Mr. Snelson brings much valuable information from the field, which we hope to lay before our readers at an early day.

NEWS AND ITEMS FROM THE CHURCHES.

MACON, GA.—REV. STANLEY E. LATHROP, WHO WAS GRADUATED EIGHT YEARS AGO FROM THE CHICAGO THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY,
COMMENCED PASTORAL WORK AT MACON, DECEMBER 1ST. HE WRITES: “I AM QUITE AGREEABLY SURPRISED WITH EVERYTHING THUS
far. I shall do the best I can for this people, with God’s help.”
MARIETTA, GA.—THE SCHOOL PROSPERS, AND, WITH TWO OTHER SCHOOLS, IS EXERTING A MARKED INFLUENCE ON THE PEOPLE. THE
Sunday-school and literary society are both doing good work.
MARION, ALA.—REV. GEO. E. HILL WRITES: “OUR CHURCH HAS RECEIVED FROM THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL AT WEYMOUTH, MASS.,
COLTON’S LARGE MISSIONARY MAP, AND I HAVE HAD THE PLEASURE OF INTRODUCING MY PEOPLE TO A VIEW OF THE WORLD—THE FIELD
of missions. They propose to contribute monthly to the cause. Our Sunday-school is filling up.”
MONTGOMERY, ALA.—REV. FLAVEL BASCOM, D.D., WHO COMMENCED WORK FOR THE WINTER DECEMBER 1ST, WRITES: “MY
FIRST IMPRESSIONS ARE VERY FAVORABLE. MY HEART IS DRAWN OUT TOWARD THE PEOPLE, AND I EXPECT TO ENJOY MY WORK FOR THEM
very much.”
SELMA, ALA.—Rev. C. B. Curtis has gone from Burlington, Wis., to the charge of the church here.
SHELBY, ALA.—A CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH WAS ORGANIZED OCTOBER 10TH, BY REV. G. W. ANDREWS, OF THE THEOLOGICAL
Department of Talladega College, consisting of twenty-one members (twelve men and nine women). Rev. J. D. Smith, a
graduate of Talladega Theological Department, is pastor.

GENERAL NOTES.

The Freedmen.

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—OVER 3,000 PEOPLE ATTENDED THE AGRICULTURAL FAIR FOR COLORED PEOPLE HELD AT TALLADEGA, ALA., IN NOVEMBER, UNDER THE
AUSPICES OF THE COLLEGE. STOCK, FARM PRODUCTS, COOKERY, NEEDLE AND FANCY WORK, FLOWERS AND PICTURES, WERE BROUGHT IN
FOR EXHIBITION. CONTESTS WERE HELD IN ATHLETIC SPORTS, AND IN SPELLING, DECLAIMING, ETC., BETWEEN STUDENTS OF THE DIFFERENT
SCHOOLS. SEVERAL HUNDRED WHITE PEOPLE ATTENDED, AND SHOWED THEIR INTEREST BY ACTING AS JUDGES ON THE COMMITTEES WITH
THE COLORED PEOPLE. THE FAIR WAS KEPT ENTIRELY FREE FROM ALL THE OBJECTIONABLE FEATURES WHICH SO OFTEN MAR OUR STATE FAIRS,
and indeed was opened with prayer, and, after the addresses and award of premiums, closed with the Doxology.
—DR. RUST, THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY OF THE FREEDMEN’S AID SOCIETY OF THE M. E. CHURCH, REPORTS THAT ITS WORK
DURING THIS YEAR “HAS NEVER BEEN EXCEEDED IN ANY YEAR OF ITS HISTORY. IT HAS ERECTED MORE SCHOOL EDIFICES, MORE
COMMODIOUS AND COMMANDING; EDUCATED MORE TEACHERS, PREPARED MORE MINISTERS, LED MORE SOULS TO CHRIST, AND SET IN
OPERATION MORE STREAMS OF ELEVATING INFLUENCE, DONE MORE AND BETTER WORK FOR CHRIST AND HUMANITY, THAN IN ANY LIKE
PERIOD BEFORE.” THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDING JULY 1, 1878, GIVES ITS TOTAL RECEIPTS FOR THE YEAR AS $63,403,
AND ITS EXPENDITURES, MAINLY FOR SALARIES AND BOARD OF TEACHERS AND EDUCATIONAL EXPENSES, INCLUDING $3,000 PAID ON ITS
DEBT, AT THE SAME. THE SOCIETY HAS AIDED IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FIVE CHARTERED INSTITUTIONS HAVING FULL COLLEGIATE POWERS,
three theological and two medical schools, also chartered, and ten other educational institutions.
—DR. RUFFNER, SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN VIRGINIA, CLAIMS THAT $850,000 WAS COLLECTED FROM THE PEOPLE AND
SET APART BY LAW FOR THE SUPPORT OF THE COMMON SCHOOLS, AND CHARGES THAT THIS, WITH THE INTEREST, HAS BEEN DIVERTED FROM
its proper use and applied to the ordinary expenses of the State Government.
—A NATIONAL COLORED BAPTIST EDUCATIONAL CONVENTION WAS HELD LAST SUMMER AT NASHVILLE, TENN. IN AN ADDRESS PUBLISHED
BY THEM THEY OFFER HEARTFELT THANKS TO NORTHERN BAPTISTS, WHO ALONE HAVE HELPED THEM TO WHAT EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES THEY
HAVE ENJOYED. TO THE SOUTHERN WHITE BAPTISTS THEY ARE GRATEFUL FOR THE “GOOD RESOLUTIONS” THEY HAVE PASSED IN FAVOR OF
THE BLACK MAN. THEY URGE THE COLORED BAPTISTS TO SUPPORT THEIR OWN PUBLISHING HOUSE, NEWSPAPER, AND THE EDUCATIONAL
enterprises of the American Baptist Home Mission Society.
—PUBLIC SENTIMENT HAS ALMOST EFFACED THE COLOR LINE IN VIRGINIA; GIVEN POLITICAL FREEDOM AND SAFETY IN NORTH CAROLINA;
and created a powerful party of “INDEPENDENTS” IN GEORGIA; AND IT WILL BRING SOUTH CAROLINA TO HER SENSES IN TIME. MORAL
forces require more time and patience than physical force.—Christian Union.
—TWO COLORED STUDENTS OF MR. SPURGEON’S PASTOR’S COLLEGE, REV. MESSRS. RICHARDSON AND JOHNSON, WITH THEIR WIVES,
have left England as missionaries to Central Africa. They were all freed slaves from this country.
—THE REV. ALFRED SAHER, ENGLISH BAPTIST MISSIONARY AT THE CAMEROONS, WEST AFRICA, HAS TRANSLATED THE BIBLE INTO THE
language of the people, and now reports upwards of 2,000 converts.

The Indians.

—MR. WHEELER WRITES FROM KESHENA AGENCY, WISCONSIN, OF THE SECOND SUCCESSFUL AGRICULTURAL FAIR AMONG THE
MENOMONEES. ABOUT 200 ENTRIES OF CORN AND POTATOES WERE MADE, WITH OTHER VEGETABLES, GRAINS AND GRASSES IN
ABUNDANCE. THE DISPLAYS OF WOMAN’S WORK AND OF LIVE STOCK WERE VERY FINE. A PLOUGHING MATCH WAS HELD. ABOUT $200
WAS EXPENDED IN PREMIUMS, VOTED FROM THE TRIBAL FUNDS FOR THAT PURPOSE. ADVANTAGE WAS TAKEN OF THE OPPORTUNITY FOR
GIVING INSTRUCTION IN THE ARTS OF AGRICULTURE, AND FOR EXHORTING THEM TO KEEP THEIR CHILDREN FAITHFULLY IN THE SCHOOLS. SUCH
gatherings both prove and promote progress.
—BRIG. GEN. POPE REPORTS THAT THE LATE OUTBREAK OF THE CHEYENNES WAS CAUSED BY STARVATION. HE SAYS OF THE INDIANS IN
GENERAL: “IF THEY ARE LEFT WITH THE MEANS TO GO TO WAR, AS IS THE CUSTOM, WE SIMPLY SLEEP ON A VOLCANO. UNLESS, THEREFORE,
AMPLE, AND ABOVE ALL, REGULAR SUPPLIES OF FOOD CAN BE GUARANTEED TO THE INDIANS, I AM COMPELLED, IN JUSTICE TO THE
GOVERNMENT AND THE FRONTIER SETTLERS, TO ASK THAT MORE TROOPS BE SENT TO THE AGENCIES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY, AND THAT AT
LEAST TWO OF THE POSTS IN WESTERN KANSAS BE LARGELY REINFORCED BY CAVALRY. I HAVE ALSO TO ASK THAT ANY INDIANS SENT FROM
THE NORTH INTO THIS DEPARTMENT BE DISARMED AND DISMOUNTED BEFORE BEING SENT HERE, SO THAT THEY CAN BE PLACED IN THE
same condition as the Indians with whom they are to live.”
—MAJOR MIZENER REPORTS MORE IN DETAIL:—THE CAUSES WHICH LED TO THE LEAVING OF THE NORTHERN CHEYENNES MAY BE
SUMMED UP AS FOLLOWS: THEY WERE DISAPPOINTED IN THE COUNTRY. THEIR RATIONS WERE POOR AND ENTIRELY INSUFFICIENT. THEY
WERE HOME-SICK, DESPONDENT AND DISAPPOINTED, AND WERE ANXIOUS TO GET BACK TO A COUNTRY BETTER KNOWN TO THEM, AND
where game was to be had, while here they did not have enough to eat.
—GENERAL SHERIDAN ATTRIBUTES OUR INDIAN WARS TO TWO CLASSES OF CAUSES; THE FIRST BEING THE CONSTANT ENCROACHMENT UPON
THE LANDS OF THE INDIANS, SACREDLY GUARANTEED TO THEM BY TREATY, AND THE CONSTANT REMOVAL OF THE TRIBES TO DISTANT
RESERVATIONS, IN WHICH THEY ARE AGAIN TROUBLED BY THE TIDE OF IMMIGRATION. HE SAYS NO OTHER NATION IN THE WORLD WOULD
HAVE ATTEMPTED THE REDUCTION OF THESE WILD TRIBES, AND OCCUPATION OF THEIR COUNTRY, WITH LESS THAN 60,000 OR 70,000
men.
—SECRETARY SCHURZ AFFIRMS THAT THE REAL CAUSE OF INDIAN WARS HAS BEEN THE BREAKING OF TREATIES. HE RECITES AN EXHAUSTIVE
HISTORY OF INDIAN WARS TO SHOW THAT THIS HAS BEEN THE CASE, AND THAT VERY FEW OF THE WARS HAVE ARISEN FROM THE
maladministration of agents.
—GEN. SHERMAN, IN HIS ANNUAL REPORT, DECLARES THAT MANY OF THE INDIANS PREFER DEATH TO AGRICULTURAL TOIL; THAT TO CONVERT
THEM FROM A NOMADIC INTO A PASTORAL RACE IS THE FIRST AND FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM; THAT EACH TRIBE MUST BE DEALT WITH
according TO ITS OWN NATURE; THAT WHATEVER DEPARTMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT IS CHARGED WITH THIS WORK, MUST BE INTRUSTED

[12]

[13]

WITH LARGE DISCRETION TO ADAPT ITS MEASURES TO EMERGENCIES. HE TRACES THE INDIAN WARS GENERALLY TO BROKEN PROMISES,
insufficient rations and impending starvation.
—OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE TO WHICH THE TRANSFER OF THE INDIANS TO THE WAR DEPARTMENT IS REFERRED, THE THREE MEMBERS OF
THE SENATE ARE FROM NEBRASKA, KENTUCKY AND ILLINOIS; OF THE FIVE MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE, BUT ONE COMES FROM AS FAR
EAST AS THIS. THE COMMITTEE, THEREFORE, REPRESENTS COMMUNITIES THAT FAVOR THE ARMY. IT IS UNDERSTOOD THAT THE INDIANS
THEMSELVES DO NOT DESIRE THE CHANGE; THAT THE ARMY DOES NOT WANT THE RESPONSIBILITY; YET THAT IT WILL PROBABLY BE DONE,
unless the President interferes, because the Indian ring desires it, and because the army makes it a point of honor.

The Chinese.

—THE FIRST CHURCH IN SAN FRANCISCO, DR. STONE’S, HAS JUST OPENED A NEW AND WELL-APPOINTED ROOM IN THE BASEMENT FOR
ITS MISSION AND CHINESE SUNDAY-SCHOOL. THE PETALUMA CHURCH HAS ALSO ENLARGED ITS LECTURE-ROOM FOR THE USE OF ITS
Chinese school.
—AS THE CHINESE CHILDREN ARE NOT PERMITTED TO ENTER THE SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC SCHOOLS, THOSE WHO HAVE EMBRACED
CHRISTIANITY ARE TAUGHT IN THE UNION MISSION IN THE OLD GLOBE HOTEL. THE SCHOOL HAS TWO SESSIONS, ONE OF WHICH IS
CONDUCTED BY AN AMERICAN LADY, THE OTHER BY HUNG MUNG CHUNG, WHO IS A FINE CHINESE SCHOLAR AND A MAN OF MUCH
DIGNITY AND SCHOLARLY ATTAINMENTS, SAID TO BE A LINEAL DESCENDANT OF CONFUCIUS. DURING THE PAST YEAR HUNG MUNG CHUNG
WAS BAPTIZED AND BECAME A MEMBER OF THE PROTESTANT CHURCH FOR CHINESE. HE TEACHES THE CHILDREN THE CHINESE CLASSICS
AND THE MAXIMS AND PRECEPTS OF CONFUCIUS. EACH SESSION OF THE SCHOOL IS CLOSED BY SINGING AND REPEATING THE LORD’S
Prayer—in the morning in English, in the afternoon in Chinese.
—THE SAN FRANCISCO CHINAMEN CONTRIBUTED $1,200 TO THE YELLOW FEVER SUFFERERS OF THE SOUTH. THE SAND-LOT MEETINGS
have not yet reported the amount of their collections.
—THE CHINESE SUNDAY-SCHOOL IN CHICAGO HAS BEEN IN EXISTENCE NEARLY SIX MONTHS, WITH AN AVERAGE ATTENDANCE OF
fourteen scholars. It is said that the number can be largely increased if teachers can be procured.
—REV. W. P. PAXSON, SUPERINTENDENT OF THE MISSIONARY WORK OF THE AMERICAN S. S. UNION IN THEIR SOUTHWESTERN
DEPARTMENT, SAYS: “ONE STRIKING EVENT IN MY MISSIONARY WORK HAS BEEN THE ORGANIZATION OF A CHINESE SUNDAY-SCHOOL IN
St. Louis.”
—MR. HA SHAN SIN WAS BAPTIZED LAST SABBATH BY REV. E. D. MURPHY AT THE IMMANUEL PRESBYTERIAN CHAPEL OF THIS CITY.
THE YOUNG MAN IS ABOUT TWENTY-TWO YEARS OLD, WAS BORN IN SAN FRANCISCO, THOUGH HE HAS SPENT MOST OF HIS LIFE IN CHINA.
THIS IS THE SIXTH OF THE CHINAMEN THAT HAVE BEEN RECEIVED INTO THE CHURCHES OF THIS CITY. THREE HAVE BEEN ENROLLED AMONG
the members of the Fourth Avenue Presbyterian Church, Dr. Howard Crosby’s.
—THE FIRST CHINAMAN WAS ADMITTED TO CITIZENSHI...