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The Ajax PDF

269 Pages·1963·11.02 MB·English
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THE PLAYS OF SOPHOCLES BY J. C. KAMERBEEK Litt. Dr. Professor of Ancient Greek in the University of Amsterdam COMMENTARIES PART I THE AJAX ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY DR. H. SCHREUDER REVISED BY A. PARKER B. A. SECOND EDITION LEIDEN E. J. BRILL 1963 Copyright 1963 by E. ]. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission from the publisher. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS UXORI PRAEFATIO Ratio nostrae editionis Sophoclis fabularum alia fuit atque nunc evasit; textum enim singularum tragoediarum apparatu critico in­ structum simul cum commentario in lucem edere volui. Cum autem pars prima prelo iam parata esset, scrupulum mihi iniecerunt quomi­ nus mea proferrem studia ad textum Sophocleum pertinentia ab AI. Turyn v. cl. publicata. Ille enim si veram imaginem traditionis nobis descripsit, fundamenta apparatus critici nostri non paulum mutanda sunt. Sed hucusque tempus mihi defuit ad perscrutandas conclusiones ad quas ille pervenit. Neque mirum: complures enim libros manu scriptos excutere necesse erit, neque iam singularum quarumque fabularum textum constituere licebit: notiones enim vulgatae de textu Sophoclis, de aestimatione librorum, de partibus Byzantinorum, de relationibus codicum funditus immutandae sunt, si recta sunt quae Turyn magna cum sagacitate autumat, digna profecto quae diligenter perpendantur, accurate explorentur. Prius­ quam igitur textum poetae edam, pro virili parte agam ut hanc Turynii imaginem probem. Mihi autem persuasum est hanc novam imaginem traditionis, ut apparatum criticum longe alium reddat quippe qui veram speciem historiae textus ostendere debeat, haudquaquam effecturam ut textus ipse multum distet a vulgato. Quod cum ita censerem, nihil obstare vidi quin commentarium Aiacis prelo subici iuberem, tex­ tum apparatu instructum una cum ceterarum fabularum in uno volumine post hos aliquot annos editurus. Quin etiam cum dolerem hunc in modum opus criticum ab exegetico separari tamen hic ordo edendi mihi arridere coepit: quaestiones enim ad apparatum per­ tinentes simul solvendae erunt neque fieri poterit quin unitati operis hoc prosit; tum lectoribus opinor gratum erit textum et commen­ tarium binis voluminibus ad manum habere. Interim commen­ tarius iuxta textum Oxoniensem consuli poterit; lectiones discre­ pantes separatim notavi. Amstelodami, mense Iulio, MCMLIII J. C. K. AD EDITIONEM SECUNDAM Emendatior quidem — ut spero — sed non retractatus, adeo non „incudi redditus", commentarius noster iterum editus est. Tantum enim abest ut ratio haberi potuerit omnium disputationum et librorum ad tragoediam Graecam, ad Sophoclem, ad Aiacem per­ tinentium post annum Domini MCMLIII publici iuris factorum ut ne potiores quidem ad eum renovandum satis suum contribuerint. E quibus honoris causa hos nominare volo: Sophoclis textum cum apparatu et translatione tribus voluminibus editum a P. Mazon (j) et A. Dain (1955, 1958, i960), I. M. Linforth, Three Scenes in Sophocles' Ajax, Univ. of Calif. Pubi, in Class. Philol. XV. 1. 1954, H. Diller, Menschendarstellung und Handlungsfuhrung bei Sophokles, Antike und Abendland VI 1957, G. M. Kirkwood, A Study of Sophoclean Drama, Cornell Studies in Class. Philol. XXXI 1958, H. D. F. Kitto, Form and Meaning in Drama 1956 (de Aiace vide pp. 179-198), H. D. F. Kitto, Sophocles, dramatist and philosopher 1958, Albin Lesky, Die Tragische Dichtung der Hellenen 1956, T. B. L. Webster, Greek Theatre Production 1956, J. Jackson (t). Marginalia Scaenica 1955. Enimvero si de integro commentarium ad Aiacem composuissem, et illis et aliis compluribus libris quos hic praetermitto magno cum fructu usus essem. Nunc imprimis vitia non pauca in rebus minoribus et maioribus removere studui. Ad quod negotium perficiendum observationes a T. B. L. Webster necnon a W. Calder factae maximo mihi usui fuerunt. Tabulam autem locorum ubi textus ab Oxoniensi differt refeci libro Alexandri Turyn qui inscribitur Studies in the Manuscript Tradition of the Tragedies of Sophocles, apparatu ab Alphonso Dain confecto, meis ipsius collationibus adhibitis. Hic illic in rebus maioris momenti iudicium meum mutatum secutus commentarium vere mutavi sed spatium mihi inter angustos terminos circumscriptum fuisse lector benevolus scito. Santpoort pridie Kalendas Septembres MCMLXII J. C. K. HISCE LOCIS TEXTUS AB OXONIENSI QUEM CONSTITUIT A. C. PEARSON DIFFERT In signis adhibendis quam maxime Alexandrum Turyn secutus sum nisi quod consensum codicum G R Q familiae Romanae quae dicitur littera Φ notavi qua usus est Alphonse Dain {Sophocle T. II, 1958). 45 έξεπράξατ’ L: έξέπραξεν Φ A Lrre Pearson. 61 φόνου codd. vetust.: πόνου Mosch. Pearson. 167 sqq. άλλ’ · δτε γάρ δή τό σόν δμμ’ άπέδραν, παταγοϋσιν άπερ πτηνών άγέλαι μέγαν αίγυπιόν· ύποδείσαντες τάχ’ άν, έξαίφνης εί σύ φανείης, σιγή πτήξειαν άφωνοι. Sic divisi: μέγαν αίγυπιόν <δ’> ύποδείσαντες Dawes, Pearson. 179 ή τιν’ codd.: εϊ τιν’ Elmsley, Pearson. 190 μή μή μ’ άναξ έ'9’, codd.: μή μηκέτ’, ώναξ, Morstadt, Pearson. 194 στηρίζη: στηρίζει Pearson. 208 άμερίας codd.: ηρεμίας Thiersch, Pearson. 210 Τελλεύταντος A Lc ah: <σύ> Τελεύταντος Porson, Pearson. 222 αίθοπος Llem Ls Lc (?) A Sud. s.v.: αίθωνος Φ Eustath.: α’ίθονος Lac (?) Pearson. 229 παραπλήκτω codd.: παραπλάκτω Blaydes, Pearson. 235 τήν μέν έσω LAS: έξω Φ: τά μέν εϊσω Τ Pearson. 235. 236 γαίας·....................άνερρήγνυ· 26g νοσοϋντες codd.: νοσοϋντος Hermann, Pearson. 290 κλυών 297 εΰκερών τ’ codd.: εΰερόν τ’ Schneidewin, Pearson. 305 ένάξας Pap. Ox. 2093: άπάξας L (ex άπάξαις) R Q: έπάξας G A Vat 1332 (teste Peppink) Pearson. 309 έρειφθείς L (ex έρεφθείς) A έριφθείς Φ: έρεισθείς Στρ Pearson. 330 νικώνται, φίλοι codd. sic interpunxi: λόγοις Laud vp Stob. Pearson. 350 μόνοι τ’ codd.: μόνοι έτ’ Hermann, Pearson. 358 άλίαν codd.: άλιον Hermann, Pearson. X HISCE LOCIS TEXTUS AB OXONIENSI DIFFERT 360 I ποιμένων f codd.: πημονάν Reiske, edd. plerique, Pearson: possis ποϊ μόνων έπαρκέσεις; (έπαρκέσοντ’ codd.) 372 χερί μέν Hermann: χερσΐ μέν codd.: χεροΐν Tricl. Pearson. 378 έχειν codd.: έχοι van Herwerden, Pearson. 379 πάνθ’ όρών codd.: πάντα δρών Wakefield, Pearson. 380 κακών όργανον τέκνον Λαρτίου 384, 385 άτώμενος, / ίώ μοί μοι, .... 387 προπάτωρ codd.: πάτερ cod. ant. sec. Tricl. Pearson. 406 τοϊσι δ’ όμοϋ: τοϊσιδ’ Liv ρ: τοΐσδ’ όμοϋ codd.: τίσις δ’ έμοϋ Pearson. 417 ίστω · 427 πρόκειται Lac Λ Dain: πρόκειμαι ceteri Pearson 1) 428 ούθ’ codd.: ούδ’ Elmsley, Pearson. 441 δοκώ ■ 448 <μ’> άπήξαν vel <μ’> άπήξαν: άπεϊρξαν Φ (<μ’> άπεϊρξαν Blaydes): άπήξαν (vel άπηξαν) L A (in litura) Pearson. 451 έπεντύνοντ’ ΦΑΡ: έπευθύνοντ’ Lac Λ Pearson. 477 βροτόν codd.: βροτών C. E. Palmer, Pearson. 516 καί μητέρ’ άλλ* ή codd. καί μητέρ’ — άλλ’ ή tentavi: άλλη μοίρα edd., Pearson. 5548 Vindicavi. 573 μήθ’ ό codd.: μήτε Schaefer, Pearson. 601, 602 Ίδάιδι μίμνων ποια λειμωνίδι μήλων Wilamowitz: μίμνων άν’ Ίδαν λειμώνι ποαντι μηνών Pearson. 624 έντροφος codd.: σύντροφος Nauck, Pearson. 625 λευκώ δέ codd.: λευκψ τε Hermann, Pearson. 626 I φρενομόρως f vel j φρενομώρως f codd.: φρενοβόρως Dindorf, Pearson. 632 χερόπληκτοι codd.: χερόπλακτοι Erfurdt, Pearson. 636 I άριστα | vide comm. 641 τλάμων L A Q al.: τλαμον R G al. Pearson. 649 καί codd.: χαί Musgrave, Pearson. 656 έξαλεύσωμαι codd.: έξαλύξωμαι Pearson ex Hesychio. 660 Νύξ 668 τί μή; codd.: τί μήν; Linwood, Pearson. 714 Verba τε καί φλέγει servavi, lacunam post χορεϋσαι 701 extare ratus. 726 στρατού codd.: στρατώ Schaefer, Pearson. !) De R dissentiunt viri docti: πρόκειται Turyn, πρόκειμαι Dain, ego. HISCE LOCIS TEXTUS AB OXONIENSI DIFFERT XI 743 κέρδιστον codd.: κέρδιον Nauck, Pearson. 758 κάνόνητα codd. testes: κάνόητα Vauvilliers, Pearson. 780 τοιαϋθ’ L Φ al.: τοσαϋθ’ A al. edd., Pearson. 784 δύσμορον codd.: δυσμόρων Pearson. 802 δτ’ αΰτω L A: ήτ’ αΰτω Φ: δ τούτφ Pearson. 811 οΰχ έδρας ακμή 8ΐ2 θέλοντας Lac: θέλοντες Lc Φ A2 Pearson. δς σπεύδη θανεΐν Α2: δς άν σπεύδη Lac: δς σπεύδει Φ Lc Pearson. 833 ξύν άσφαδάστω καί ταχεϊ πηδήματι, 852 μάτην, 854 Θάνατε, Θάνατε δθ9 έπίσταται codd.: έπισπαται Pearson. Sed versus fortasse cor­ ruptus est. 885 Εδρες omisi. 886 λεύσσων retinui. 893 τλήμων codd.: τλάμων Pearson. 896 οϊχωκ’ codd. ώχωκ’ Pearson ex Herodiano. 901 ίώ μοι, άναξ, κατέπεφνες W.-B., Wilamowitz: ίώ μοι κατέπεφνες άναξ codd.: ώμοι, κατέπεφνες <άμ’>, ώναξ Pearson. 902 τάλας Hermann, Jebb, Kuiper: ΐώ τάλας codd.: ώ τάλας Τ Liv ρ Pearson. 910 άφρακτος codd.: άφαρκτος Dindorf, Pearson. 921 ακμαίος codd.: άκμαϊ’ άν Wakefield, Pearson. 966 ή cod.: ή Schneidewin, Pearson. 1027 άποφθίσειν codd.: άποφθίσαι Hermann (e Suda), Pearson. XO47 οδτος, σέ φωνώ, 1132 ού γάρ καλόν; 1137 καλώς L: κακώς ΦΡΑ Pearson. 1159 πύθοιτό τις, 1185 τις άρα νέατος, ές πότε λήξει 1190 άνά τάν εύρώδη Τροίαν codd.: τάνδ’ άν’ εύρυεδή Τροίαν Lobeck, Pearson. 1199 ού Hermann: οδτε codd. Pearson. 1205, 1206 ερώτων· / έρώτων δ’ L Α: ερώτων δ’ / ερώτων Φ Pearson. 1211 έννυχίου codd.: αίέν νυχίου G. Wolff, Pearson. 1230 έφώνεις Aac Lc: έφρόνεις Lac Ac Φ: έκόμπεις Schol. Ar. Ach. 638 Pearson. 1268 επί σμικρών λόγων codd.: επί σμικρόν λέγων Pearson. 1281 ούδέ συμβήναι codd.: οδ σύ μή, βήναι Madvig, Pearson. 1293 δυσσεβέστατον, ί' XII HISCE LOCIS TEXTUS AB OXONIENSI DIFFERT 1312 I σοϋ θ’ όμιχίμονος f codd.: σοϋ γ’ άμαίμονος Bothe, Pearson. 1348 προσεμβήναι codd.: πρός έμβήναι Blaydes, Pearson. 1357 vtx? codd.: κινεί Pearson. 1373 ΖΡή codd.: χρής Dindorf, Pearson. 1377 codd.: ή Elmsley, Pearson. 1398 τάλλα codd.: τάμά Rauchenstein, Pearson. 1416 λωίονι Seyffert: λώονι Pearson (sed 1416 sq. suspecta putat). INTRODUCTION ’Αρετά, πολύμοχθε γένει βροτέω, θήραμα κάλλιστον βίω, σοΐς τε πόθοισ* Άχιλεύς Αίας τ’ Άίδα δόμον ήλθον. Aristoteles. I Sophocles took the subject matter for the Ajax from the Trojan cycle of legends, the source of many of his tragedies *). As the Theban Oedipus was closely associated with the Athenians, so- Ajax to them was a familiar hero. He was the patron of Salamis, ( connected with Attica since the days of Solon. He was the epo-| nymous hero of one of Clisthenes’ tribes. Αίάντεια were celebrated! in his honour on Salamis 2), and perhaps also in Athens. In the Iliad Ajax appears as one of the greatest Achaean heroes before Troy, the bravest warrior next to Achilles, the bulwark of the Achaeans, and the rescuer of the ships. In the embassy to Achilles he is characterized as a man who is sparing of words; he distinguishes himself in his single combat with Hector, in the battle over the body of Patroclus; the wrestling-match between him and Odysseus remains undecided. The Iliad does not contain any reference to a tragic fate that is to befall him; there is no question of any υβρις towards the gods nor of any enmity towards Odysseus or other heroes. The Odyssey tells us quite another story. In the nether world the shade of Ajax refuses to hold converse with Odysseus: οϊη 8’ Αίαντος ψυχή Τελαμωνιάδαο νόσφιν άφεστήκει κεχολωμένη είνεκα νίκης, τήν μιν εγώ νίκησα δικαζόμενος παρά νηυσΐ τεύχεσιν άμφ’ ’Αχιλήος· έθηκε δέ πότνια μήτηρ, παϊδες δέ Τρώων δίκασαν καί Παλλάς Άθήνη. ώς δή μή δφελον νικάν τοιώδ’ έπ’ άέθλφΐ τοίην γάρ κεφαλήν ένεκ’ αύτών γαϊα κατέσχεν, *) Ath. VII 277 ®· Cf. Jebb-Pearson, The Fragments 0/ Sophocles, General Introduction, p. XXXI. ’) L. Deubner, Attische Feste, p. 228; P. v. d. Muhll, Der grosse Aias, p. 23. Kamerbeek .

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