Taxonomy and distribution of fossil Archivesica (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) in Japan

2010·7 MB·English

by  Kazutaka Amano

1
THE NAUTILUS 124(4):155-165, 2010 Page 155
Taxonomy and distribution of fossil Archivesica
(Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) in Japan
Kazutaka Amano Steffen Kiel
Departmentof Geoscience GeoscienceCenter
nets UniversityofEducation Georg-August UniversityGottingen
| 1
Joetsu943-8512,JAPAN GeobiologyGroup
[email protected] Goldschmidtstr. 3
37077 Gottingen, GERMANY
ABSTRACT Members of the genus Archivesica have the largest
shells among all the vesicomyids, three radiating cardinal
SixspeciesofvesicomyidbivalvesofthegenusArchivesicaoccur teeth, a subumbonalpit and a shallowpallial sinus. Shells
inthe NeogeneofJapan, one furtherspecies is assignedhereto with such characteristics have been reported mainly from
this genus, but with some hesitation. Among these six species, the Pliocene deposits in the Japan Sea side of central
twoare herein describedas new:A. shikamai fromthe Pliocene
Ikego Formation on the Pacific side ofHonshu and A. kannoi Honshu and the Pacific side of southwestern Honshu,
from the lower Pliocene KurokuraFormation on theJapan Sea and include Akebiconcha kawamurai Kuroda, 1943 and
side ofHonshu; one species, the late MioceneA. shiretokensis Cahjptogena nipponica Oinomikado and Kanehara, 1938
,
has recently been described; two species, the late Miocene to and various species in open nomenclature (Majima et ah,
early Pliocene A. nipponica and the Pliocene Archivesica sp. 2005). These names, however, are often used in a confus-
were previously regarded as belonging to Cahjptogena but are ing and inconsistent manner, partly because the type
herein transferred toArchivesica. The extremely large Pliocene material of Cah/ptogena nipponica was poorly preserved
“Calyptogena” hosoensis closely resembles modem species of and is now lost. The purpose of the present study is to
Archivesica from the western Pacific rather than species of summarize the taxonomyandthe distribution of the fossil
Cahjptogena and is herein hesitantly assigned to Archivesica. Japanesespecies ofArchivesica Dali, 1908anddiscussthe
ComparedtoPaleogenespeciesofArchivesicafromthenorthern
and eastern side of the North Pacific, the Neogene Japanese evolutionaryhistoryofthis genus.
species differ by being larger and by lacking a lunular incision.
WesuggestthatthisgroupoflargeArchivesica speciesoriginated
inthewesternPacificduringtheMioceneandspreadtothecoast MATERIALS AND METHODS
ofwestern NorthAmericabythe Pliocene.Theimpressivediver-
sification of these "large Archivesica” species since the late The new species described herein are from two Pliocene
Miocene might be related to the coeval decline in diversity of formations in Honshu, Japan (Figure 1). The specimens
theelongatevesicomyidgenusAdulomya inJapan. were collected from turbidite deposits of the Pliocene
Additional keywords: Neogene, new species, bivalves, Ikego Formation at Ikego, Zushi City in Kanagawa Pre-
Cahjptogena fecture (Figure 1, Loe. 1). Some ofthese specimens had
previously been described as Cah/ptogena cf. nipponica
or Cah/ptogena sp. 1, and C. sp. 2 (Kanno, 1991, 1993).
Further specimens were extracted from large calcareous
concretion in the Pliocene part ofthe Kurokura Forma-
INTRODUCTION tion at Matsudai, Tokamachi City in Niigata Prefecture
(Figure 1, Loe. 3). Some of these specimens had previ-
The Vesicomyidae is a species-rich deep-water bivalve ously been described as Cah/ptogena cl. nipponica by
family frequently found at hydrothermal vents, cold Amano and Kanno (2005). All new material is housed
seeps, and decaying whale carcasses. Its fossil history in the Joetsu University of Education. In addition, we
can be traced back to the middle Eocene (Amano and examined specimens identified as A. kawamurai elongata
Kiel, 2007). In Japan, which has a rich record ofexposed Ozaki, 1958 from the Pliocene Na-arai Formation at
Cenozoic deep-water sediments, fossil vesicomyids Choshi (Figure 1, Loc. 2) in Chiba Prefecture, which
are known from cold-seeps, whale-falls, and organic-rich are housed at National Science Museum (Ozaki, 1958).
shales. In previous studies we treated members of the
genera Adulomya Kuroda, 1931, Cahjptogena Dali, InstitutionalAbbreviations: ESN: Furukawa Museum
1891, and Huhertschenckia Takeda, 1953 (Kanno et ah, of Nagoya University; IGSU: Institute ol Geoscience,
1989; Amano and Kiel, 2007; Amano and Kiel, in press). ShizoukaUniversity; JUE: Joetsu Universityof Education;
.
Page 156 THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 124, No. 4
Calyptogena cf. nipponica Oinomikado and Kanehara. Kanno,
1990: 93-95, pi. 5, figs. 1-3. (non pi. 6, figs. 1, 2); Kanno,
1991: pi. 2, figs. 2a-c,pi. 3, figs. 1-4.
Calijptogena solidissima Okutani, Ilashimoto and Fujikura,
1992: 226-230, fig. 2-8; Okutani, 2000: 999, pi. 497, fig. 15.
Calyptogena sp. 2. Kanno, 1993: 133-135, pi. 3, fig. 1-10.
Calyptogena (Archivesica) kawamurai (Kuroda). Sasaki et al.,
2005: fig. 10; Okutani, 2000: 999, pi. 497, fig. 15; Okutani,
2008: fig. 8.90. —
Vesicomya Calyptogena kawamurai (Kuroda). Nobuhara,
( )
2003: fig. 3-7-12.
Type Material: Holotype NSMT-Mo 60915, off
Odawara City, Sagami Bay.
Material Examined: Thirteen specimens from Loc. 1
were examined.
Remarks: The examined specimens were treated
as Cah/ptogena cf. nipponica or C. sp. 2 by Kanno
(1990, 1991, 1993). They are characterized by having
an elongate ovate shell, a shallow pallial sinus, a wide
subumbonal pit and a steeply sloping and bifurcated
posterior cardinal tooth in the right valve. These fea-
tures clearly identify these specimens as Archivesica
kawamurai (Kuroda, 1943). Theirhinge structure (Figures
2, 3) resembles that of the holotype of Calyptogena
solidissima Okutani, Hashimoto and Fujikura, 1992, a
species now considered synonym with A. kawamurai
(Kojimaetal. 2006).
As Shikama (1962) pointed out, the syntypes of
NSMT-Mo: National Science Museum, Tokyo, Mollus- Akebiconcha kawamurai elongata Ozaki, 1958 from the
can collection; NSM: National Science Museum (Pale- Pliocene Na-arai Formation in Chiba Prefecture are
ontology); YCM-GP: Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka, variation of this species. However, the paratype of this
Geology and Paleontology. subspecies is from the Pliocene Ikego Formation in
Kanagawa Prefecture andhas a more elongate shell than
SYSTEMATICS the syntypes. It maybelongto anewspecies,Archivesica
shikamai new species, describedbelow.
FamilyVesicomyidae Dali and Simpson, 1901 Specimens reported asAkebiconcha nipponica from the
Pliocene Imaizumi Bed in Kanagawa Prefecture (Shikama
Genus Archivesica Dali, 1908 and Masujima, 1969: pi. 7, figs. 16-19) areconsideredhere
Type species: Callocardia gigas Dali, 1896 from the as belonging to Archivesica kawamurai because the illus-
GulfofCalifornia. trated specimens are indistinguishable fromA. kawamurai
by shell form and hinge structure. Moreover, Shikama
Archivesica kawamurai (Kuroda, 1943) and Masujima (1969) also illustrated Recent specimens
(Figures 2-13, 19, 23) of Archivesica kawamurai as Akebiconcha nipponica.
Akebiconcha kawamurai Kuroda, 1943: 14-18, pi. 13, text-figs. The original Akebiconcha nipponica was described from
1-3; Habe, 1951: 117-118, figs. 246, 249; Ozaki, 1958: 124, the upper Miocene to lower Pliocene deposits in Niigata
pi. 3, figs.1-3, pi. 5, figs.l, 2; Habe, 1961: pi. 55, fig. 16; Prefecture (Oinomikado and Kanehara, 1938) and is
Shikama, 1962: 53, pi. 3, figs. 6a-b, 7a-e; Okutani, 1966: discussedbelow.
300, pi. 28, fig. 3; Habe, 1977: 237, pi. 50, figs. 3, 4; Noda, Majima et al. (1990) illustrated Calyptogena sp. from
1980: 89-90, pi. I, fig. 21, pi. 4, fig. 21; Tsuchida, 1986: the Pliocene Hijikata Formation in Shizuoka Prefecture,
29-30, fig. 2; llorikoshi, 1989: 64-66, figs. 4-6; Kanno, fudging from their illustration, shell outline and hinge
1993: pi. 9, figs. 1-3; Nobuhara and Tanaka, 1993: 30, 32, structure resemble that ofA. kawamurai
pi. 1, figs. 8-12; NobuharaandTakatori, 1999: pi. 1, fig. 11. Matsushima et al. (2003) identified two spec-
Akebiconcha kawamurai elongate Ozaki, 1958: 123, pi. 5, imens from the lower Pliocene Ochiai Formation in
Akebfiigcso.n3c,h4a,npii.pp6,onfiicgsa. (3-O5i.no(mnioknapdio. 6a,nfdigsK.an1e,h2a)r.a).—Shikama Kanagawa Prefecture as Calyptogena cf. kawamurai.
and Masnjima, 1969: pi. 7, figs. 16-19. — One of the specimens (their figs. 8a, b) resembles
Archivesica Akebiconcha kawamurai (Kuroda). Keen, 1969: A. kawamurai in its outline and hinge structure, but
( )
N664,figs. E138—7a-c. the lack ol information on its pallial sinus and the
Calyptogenasp. Majimaetal., 1990: figs.3A-D. (non figs.3Ea,b). hinge structure of its right valve prevents us from
K. Amano and S. Kiel, 2010 Page 157
Figures 2-13. Archivesica kawamurai (Kuroda) =Calijptogena solidissima Okutani, Hashimoto and Fujikura). 2, 3, 8. All
(
specimens are from Loe. 1. 2. Left-valve hinge, hinge length 58.6 mm, |UE no. 15877-1. 3. Right valve hinge, hinge length
40.1 mm, JUE no. 15877-2. 8. Internal mold, view on right valve, length 106.0 mm, JUE no. 15877-3. 4, 5, 12. Holotype ol
Archivesica kawamurai length 76.4 mm, NSMT-Mo no. 60915. 4. Left valve. 5, 12. Right valve. 6, 7. Hinge of holotype
ofCalyptogena solidissi,ma Okutani, Hashimoto and Fujikura, length 128.5 mm, NSMT Mo-69675; 6. Left valve. 7. Right valve of
which outline is shown in Figure 23. 9, 11, 13. Syntypes of Akebiconcha kawamurai elongata Ozaki. All specimens are from
Loe. 2. 9. Internal mold, view on left valve, length 92.1 mm, NSM no. 4409. 11, 13. Specimen NSM no. 4408, seen in dorsal view
andviewon leftvalve, length 85.8 mm. 10. Calyptogena sp. illustratedby Majimaetal. (1990, Fig. 3A). Leftvalve, length 63.8 mm,
IGSU-M-001, Hijikata Formation.
—
.
Page 158 THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 124, No. 4
definitely identifying it as A. kawamurai. The other JUEno. 15879-2, rightvalve;length 152.4 mm,height68.0
specimen, however, (their figs. 9a, b) has many fine mm, JUE no. 15879-3, left valve; length 76.5 mm, height
and regular concentric lines on its surface and a stout 35.4 mm, JUE no. 15879-4, left valve; length 110.0 mm,
and posteriorly oblique middle cardinal tooth which height 52.i mm, JUE no. 15879-5, left valve; all from the
are never seen in A. kawamurai. type locality.
Distribution: Pliocene: Na-arai and Kurotaki Forma- Type Locality: Area currently occupied by the US
tions in Chiba Prefecture, Ikego Formation and Imaizumi Army at Ikego, Zushi City, Kanagawa Prefecture.
Bed in Kanagawa Prefecture, Hijikata Formation and Material Examined: Twenty-six specimens from the
Taman Siltstone in Shizuoka Prefecture, Shinzato For-
type locality (Loe. 1).
mation in Okinawa Prefecture. Recent: Off Choshi, off
Odawara, off Jogashima, Seno-Umi, Daini-Tenryu Noll, Remarks: When Ozaki (1958) proposed Akebiconcha
Ensei Noll, Kuroshima Noll. kawamurai elongata as a new subspecies from the Plio-
cene Na-araiFormation, heassignedthespecimens from
Archivesicashikamai newspecies
the Pliocene Ikego Formation (Figure 16) as a paratype
(Figures 14-18, 20-22)
of the subspecies. As noted above, the syntypes of this
Akebiconcha kawamurai elongata Ozaki, 1958: pi. 6, figs. 1, 2. “subspecies”canbeidentifiedastheRecentA. kawamurai.
(non pi. 5, figs. 3,4,pi. 6, tigs. 3-5). — The paratype ofAkebiconcha kawamurai elongata has a
Cahjptogenacf. nipponica OinomikadoandKanehara. Majima more elongate shell than tire syntypes ofA. kawamurai
etal., 1990, fig.3 Ea, Eb; Kanno, 1991: pi. 1,figs, la-c,pi. 2, elongata and the Recent specimens of A. kawamurai.
fig. 1. (non pi. 2, figs. 2a-c, pi. 3, figs. 1-4). Moreover, this specimen was collected from the same
Cahjptogena sp. 1. Kanno, 1993: 126-132, pi. 1, figs. 1-15, pi. 2, Ikego Formation as the present new species. Thus, the
figs. 1-12. paratypecanbeincludedintothepresentnewspecies.
Diagnosis: A medium-sizedArchivesicawith elongate
shell, slightly concave ventral margin, shallow pallial Comparison: Archivesica shikamai closely resembles
sinus; blunt ridge running from umbo to posterior cor- A. kawamurai inthearrangementofcardinalteethinthe
ner; subumbonal pit wide; three radiating cardinal teeth rightvalve, but differs from it byhavinga more elongate
in both valves, steeply sloping posterior tooth in right shell(seeFigure24)andawidersubumbonalpit.Thetype
valve. materialofA.shikamaiwaspreviouslydescribedandillus-
tratedbyKanno(1991, 1993)asCahjptogenacf. nipponica
Description: Shell of medium size for genus, up to and Cahjptogena sp. 1. from the type localitywhere it co-
mm
152.4 long, thick-walled, elongatethroughoutontog- occurswithArchivesicakawamurai Suchaco-occurrence
eny (height/length-ratio = 0.39-0.53), equivalve and of two large Archivesica species at a single locality re-
inequilateral, weaklyinflated, sculpturedbygrowth lines sembles the co-occurrence of A. soijoae (Okutani) and
only. Blunt ridge running from beak to posteroventral A. okutanii (KojimaandOhta) in Sagami Baytoday.
corner. Beakprosogyrate, situated anterior at about one-
third of shell length. Anterodorsal margin broadly Distribution: Pliocene Ikego Formation in Kanagawa
arched, graduating into narrowly rounded anterior mar- Prefecture.
gin; ventral margin slightly concave; posterodorsal mar- Etymology: Named after the late Emeritus Prof.
gin nearly straight, gently sloping, continuing into Tokio Shikama (Yokohama National University), a mol-
rounded posterior margin. Escutcheon and lunule luscan paleontologist, who also studied the mollusean
absent. Hingeplate moderatelywide,withthree cardinal fauna from the Ikego Formation.
teeth in both valves. Right valve hinge: anterior cardinal
tooth (3a) thin; posterior cardinal tooth (3b) steeply Archivesica kannoi new species
oblique; central tooth (1) rather thick, vertical to hinge (Figures 25-31)
base; subumbonal pit wide. Left valve hinge: anterior Cah/ptogena nipponica Oinomikado and Kanehara.—Kanno,
tooth (2a) thin, oblique anteriorly, connected to stout 1993: pi. 7, figs. 4-9;Amano, 1994, pi. 2, figs. 1, 3, 8, 11.
middle tooth (2b); posteriortooth (4b) thin, oblique pos- Cahjptogena cf. nipponica Oinomikado and Kanehara.
teriorly; subumbonal pit wide. Nymph distinct and long, Amanoand Kanno, 2005: 207-208, figs. 4, 5, 11-13.
occupying two-thirds of the posterodorsal margin. Ante-
rior adductor muscle scar subcircular; posterior one Diagnosis: A medium-sizedArchivesica with elongate
ovate; onset ofpallial line nearbase ofanterior adductor quadrate shell, veryshallowpallialsinus; subumbonalpit
scar, obliquely crossing anteroventral shell area, pallial smallbutdeep; threeradiatingcardinalteeth inbothvalves.
sinus shallowand wide; radial interior striae indistinct.
Description: Shell of moderate size for genus, up
mm
Hnoo.lo1t5y87p8e,:lefLtevnalgvteh. I 12.1 nun, height 56.1 mm, JUE atodul1t2s4.(6height/lelnogngt,h-rtahtiino-w=all0e.d4,8-0e.l5o7n;galteengqtuha>d4ra0temmi=;n
Figure32),elongateovatein juvenile (height/length-ratio
Paratypes: Length 106.0 mm, height 50.1 mm, |UE 0.49-0.76; length<40 mm), equivalve and inequilateral,
no. 15879- right valve; length 99.9 mm, height48.3 mm. moderatelyinflated, sculptured onlyby fine growth lines.
1
K. Amano and S. Kiel, 2010 Page 159
Figures 14-2.3. Archivesicashikamai newspecies. AllspecimensarefromLoe. 1. 14, 17,22. Holotype,length 112.1 mm,JUEno.
15857. 14. Right-valvehinge,hingelength59.4mm. 17. Dorsalview. 22. Leftvalve. 15. Paratype,length 106.(1mm, fUEno. 15879-1.
innerpartofleftvalve,whitearrowsindicatingthepallia!sinus. 18. Paratype,internalmold,length 76.5mm, |UE no. 15879-4,leftvalve.
20. Paratype, internal mold, length 110.0 mm, |UE no. 15879-5, leftvalve, white arrows indicatingpallial line and sinus. 21. Paratype,
length 99.9, JUE no. 15879-2, right valve. 16. Paratype of Akebiconclia kawamurai elongata length 112.3 mm, NS11 4441.
,
19, 23. Archivesica kawamurai (Kuroda). 19. Holotype ofArchivesica kawamurai length 76.4 mm, NSMT-Mo no. 60915, left valve.
23. HolotypeofCalijptogenasolidissima Okutani, Hashimotoand Fujikura, length 1,28.5 mm, NSMT Mo-69675, rightvalve.
.
Page 160 THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 124, No. 4
Remarks: Archivesica kannoi new species was
described or illustrated as Calyptogena nipponica or
C. cf. nipponica by Kanno (1993), Amano (1994) and
Amano and Kanno (2004). However, the hinge of
the type C. nipponica can partly be observed and
the condition of pallial line is unknown. Moreover, the
type material of Calyptogena nipponica was probably
destroyed during World War II. Thus, it is difficult to
compare this newspecies to C. nipponica.
Comparisons: Archivesica kannoi newspecies is most
similar to A. shiretokensis (Uozumi, 1967) from the
upper Miocene Rusha Formation in Hokkaido regarding
size and hinge structure. Archivesica kannoi differs from
A. shiretokensis by having a less concaveventral margin,
a vertical middle tooth in the right valve and a veiy
shallow pallial sinus. The Recent species, A. soyoae
(Okutani, 1957) can be distinguished from A. kannoi by
its slightly concave ventral margin, its slightly bifid pos-
Figures 24. Diagram showing height/length-ratios of teriortoothinthe rightvalve, andits deeperpallialsinus.
Archivesicakawamurai andA. shikamai newspecies Some specimens have a “broad” or secondarypallial line
runningcloserto the shell margin androughlyparallel to
Beak prosogyrate, situated anteriorly at about one-fourth the realpallial line except for the posterior areawhere it
of shell length. Antero-dorsal margin broadly arcuated, does not form a pallial sinus but ends at the posterior
graduatingintonarrowlyroundedanteriormargin;ventral side of the posterior adductor scar (see Figure 31).
margin broadly arcuated; posterodorsal margin straight, This “broad” or secondarypallial line can also be seen in
gently sloping, graduating into roundedposterior margin. other large Archivesica species such as A. kawamurai
Escutcheon and lunule absent. Hinge plate with three (see Figure 12 ofthe holotype ofthe latter species).
cardinal teeth in both valves. Right valve hinge: ante-
rior cardinal tooth (3a) very thin along dorsal margin; Distribution: Lower Pliocene part of the Kurokura
posterior cardinal tooth (3b) oblique; central tooth Formation in Niigata Prefecture.
(1) rather thick, vertical to hinge base; subumbonal pit
narrow. Left valve hinge: anteriortooth (2a) thin, oblique Etymology: Named after the late Emeritus Prof.
anteriorly, connectedto stout middle tooth (2b); posterior Saburo Kanno (University of Tsukuba and Joetsu Uni-
tooth (4b) thin, oblique posteriorly; subumbonal pit nar- versity of Education), a molluscan paleontologist, who
row and shallow behind posterior tooth. Nymph distinct, studiedthevesicomyids from the Kurokura Formation.
occupying two-thirds of the posterodorsal margin. Ante- Archivesica nipponica (Oinomikado and Kanehara, 1938)
rior adductor muscle scar pear-shaped; posterior one
ovate; deep groove observed just behind anterior adduc- Calyptogena nipponica Oinomikado and Kanehara, 1938: p.
tor scar and just before posterior scar. Pallial line starts 677-678, pi. 21, figs. 1-5.
non Akebiconcha nipponica (Oinomikado and Kanehara);
nearposteroventnil corner ofanterior adductor scar, run-
Shikamaand Masujima, 1969: pi. 7,figs. 16-19.
ning mostly parallel to ventral shell margin, pallial sinus
varying from very shallow to shallow. Inner shell surface Type Material: The type material was deposited in
finelyandweeklycrenulated. the Imperial Geological Survey of Japan, and was de-
Holotype: Length 124.6 mm, height 66.3 mm, JUE stroyed accordingto Hatai and Nisiyanra (1952).
no. 15880, leftvalve. Remarks: Oinomikado and Kanehara (1938) described
Paratype: Length 62.6mm+, height37.9mm,JUE no. Calyptogena nipponica from the lower Pliocene
15881-1, right valve; length 48.7 mm, height 28.1 mm, “Ushigakubi bed” [= upper part of Araya Formation;
JUE no. 15881-2, right valve; length 79.1 mm+, height Kobayashi et ah, 1991] and from the cuttings of a well
45.9 mm, |UE no. 15881-3, left valve; length 38.4 mm, duginto the upper Miocene?“Kubild Series”. Regarding
height 18.9 mm, fUE no. 15881-4, right valve; length its size (holotype length 115.4 mm), outline, the three
37.4 mm, height 20.9 mm, JUE no. 15881-5, right valve. strong, radiatingcardinal teeth, andthe narrowandshal-
low subumbonal pit in the right valve, this species is
Type Locality: kmwestto Matsudai,TokamachiCity, similar toArchivesica soyoae and presumablybelongs to
NiigataPrefectureI(Loc. E2 byAmano and Kanno, 2005). the genus Archivesica. The posterior cardinal tooth of
the right valve ofArchivesica nipponica does not bend
Material Examined: Thirty-eight specimens fromthe towards the anterior, which precludes its placement
type locality (Loc. 3). within Calyptogena However, most inner features
K. Amano and S. Kiel, 2010 Page 161
Figures 25-31. Archivesicakannoi newspecies. All specimens are from Loe. 3. 25. Paratype, hinge length ol leftvalve 33.8 mm,
JUE no. 15881-3. 26, 27. Paratype, JUE no. 15881-1. 26. Right valve hinge, hinge length 24.0 mm. 27. Right valve, length 62.6
mm+. 28. Paratype,internalmold, length38.4mm, JUE no. 15881-4,leftvalve,whitearrowindicatingtheveryshallowpallialsinus.
29. Paratype, internal mold, length 48.7 mm, JUE no. 15881-2, right valve, white arrow indicating the very shallow pallial sinus,
30. Holotype,internalmold,length 124.6mm,JUEno. 15880,right /alve.31.Paratype,internalmold,length37.4mm,JUEno. 15881-5,
leftvalve,whitearrowindicatingthe shallowpallial sinus.
except for the ill-preserved right valve hinge are “Calyptogena”shiretokensis Uozumi in Uozumi and Ishikawa,
unknown. The type localityhas beenvisited twice bythe 1967: p. 44, fig. 3 —
senior authorbut new material olArchivesica nipponica Archivesica shiretokensis (Uozumi). Amano and Suzuki,
was not found. Thus its characters and relationships to 2010: 165-171, fig. 2A-J.
othervesicomyids remain unclear. Holotype: Type specimens were assigned and illus-
trated by Uozumi (1967) but their repository is
Distribution: Upper Miocene?“Kubild Series” in Nii- unknown.
gata Prefecture; Lower Pliocene part ofthe Araya For-
mation in Niigata Prefecture. Remarks: Recently Amano and Suzuki (2010) col-
lected topotype specimens and redescribed Archivesica
Archivesica shiretokensis (Uozumi, 1967) nipponica in detail.
)
Page 162 THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 124, No. 4
^ —
0.8 1 1 ' -L 1 1-‘ 1 1 ‘ PArchivesicabosoensis (Kanie and Kuramochi, 2001)
Calijptogena sp. Majimaetah, 1992: p. 373-376, figs. 3.1-3.3.
0.75 Calijptogena (Ectenagena sp. Kanie et al., 1997: p. 794-795,
figs. 2.1a-e.
o 0.7 • Calijptogena bosoensis Kanie and Kuramochi, 2001: p. 6-8,
figs. 3.1-3.2, 4Cb.
ca *•
sz 0.65 Holotype: YCM-GP no. 1143.
s?
<<1)0.6 Paratype: YCM-GP no. 1144.
"CmD • • • • O Remarks: PArchivesica bosoensis reaches 235 mm in
=*= 0.55 length, which is close to the maximum size of
• •
Archivesica. Kanie and Kuramochi (2001) pointed out
0.5 that PA. bosoensis is veiy similar in shape to the Recent
— A. similaris Okutani, Kojima, and Ashi, 1997, except for
0.45 t I , , , , , its much larger size. Another species that is similar in
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 shape and size is the Recent “Calijptogena”garuda from
m
Length(mm) 2064 to 2137 depth off Java, Indonesia (Okutani
Figure 32. Relationship between shell length and the and Soh, 2005). Judging from its size and outline,
height/lengthratioofArchivesicakannoi newspecies. PArchivesica bosoensis probably belongs to the genus
Archivesica but this assessment has to remain tentative
,
until betterpreserved material becomes available.
Distribution: Upper Miocene Rusha Formation in
Hokkaido. Distribution: Pliocene Shiramazu Formation in
Archivesica sp. Chiba Prefecture.
Calijptogena sp. Nobuhara and Takatori, 1999: 145, Pi. 1, DISCUSSION
figs. .5-10.
Specimens: ESN nos. 2695-2700. The genus Archivesica first appeared in Japan in the late
Miocene with two species; an additional four species
Remarks: This species has a large shell exceeding
130 mm in length, a posteriorly oblique posterior tooth appear in the Pliocene (Table 1, Figure 33). Today, eight
species and one subspecies of Archivesica are living
(3b) in the rightvalve on which a distinct groove can be
arencdogTnaikzaetdo,ria(n1d99a9)depoeipntseudbuoumtb,otnhaelsepifte.atAusreNsoabruehraerca- eatroaul.n,d2t0h0e9)J.apOannesteheIsnloarntdhse(rSnasaankideetaaslt.,er2n00s5i;deOkouftatnhie
PacificArchivesica has amuch longerfossil record, rang-
ognized in A. soijoae and A. okutanii (Kojima and Ohta,
ing back to the middle Eocene ofWashington State and
1997). However, due to the poor preservation of the
the OligoceneofAlaska (Amano and Kiel, 2007; Kieland
sixteen specimens collected and illustrated by Nobuhara
Amano, 2010). But these Paleogene species are much
and Takatori (1999), a species-level identification is cur- smaller (max. 48 mm) than those reported here from
rentlynotpossible. theJapanese Neogene (112 to 235 mm) and most have a
Distribution: Pliocene Horinouchi Formation in lunularincision, a feature not seen in the large Neogene
Shizuoka Prefecture. species of Archivesica. The large vesicomyids known
Table 1. Age and characteristics offossil Archivesica species in Japan. Position ot umbo is expressed as percentage along shell
length from anterior end.
Species Age leMnagxthim(ummm) Shellshape H/L Pousmibtoion(%)of S3bteteopoltyhoblique Bifid 3btooth Subumbonalpit Pallialsinus
A shiretokensis LateMiocene 1526 elongate-elliptical 044-0.48 16-22 - +(weak) narrow,shallow shallow
A. nipponica LateMiocene- 115.4 elongate-elliptical 040 25-33 - - narrow,shallow 7
EarlyPliocene
A.kannoin.sp. EarlyPliocene 1246 elongate-quadrate 048-0.76 17-33 - - narrow,shallow veryshallow
A shikamain sp Pliocene 152.4 veryelongate- 039-053 27-40 + - wide shallow
elliptical
A.kawamurai Pliocene-Recent 138.9 elongate-elliptical 054-0.62 26-36 + + wide shallow
A.sp. Pliocene >1300 wuhnoklneowonutline ? ? - + narrow,deep 7
A?bosoensis Pliocene 235.0 veryelongate- 035-0.38 23-26 7 ? 7 7
elliptical
” : ” : ”
K. Amano and S. Kiel, 2010 Page 163
might relate to the rise of the “large Archivesica from
the late Miocene onward. Different again is the history
of Cahjptogena in Japan, which first appeared with one
species in the late Miocene (Kanno et ah, 1989) and
maintained a low diversity until today (Sasaki et al.,
2005; Okutani et al., 2009).
Both fossil and Recent records of Archivesica
kawamurai are confined to the accretionary prism on
the Pacific side of southwestern Honshu, an area with
many eold-seep sites (Fujioka and Taira, 1989; Kojima,
2002), indicating that A. kawamurai has not changed its
area ofdistribution since the Pliocene. Such distribution
pattern might relate to stable environmental conditions
in this area: the basic tectonic framework of Japan has
not changed from the late Miocene to the Recent (e.g.
Iijirna and Tada, 1990) probably resulting in constant
methane seepage alongthe accretionaryprism offsouth-
western Honshu.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Takami Nobuhara (Shizuoka University),
Akihiko Suzuki (Hokkaido University of Education),
Tomoki Kase (National Science Museum, Tokyo) and
Hiroshi Saito (National Science Museum, Tokyo) for
their help in examining some recent and fossil spec-
Figure 33. Distribution of fossil Archivesica in Japan. imens. We also thank Richard L. Squires (California
A. shiretokensis: late Miocene; A. nipponica late Miocene to State University) and an anonymous reviewer for their
early Pliocene; A. kannoi: early Pliocene; A. shikamai: Plio- critical reading of the manuscript and their useful
cene; A. sp.: Pliocene; PA. bosoensis: Pliocene; A. kawamurai suggestions. This studywas partlysupported bya Grant-
Plioceneto Recent.
in-aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for
Promotion of Science (C, 20540456, 2008-2010).
from Cenozoie seep deposits in the Caribbean region
(Gill et al., 2005; Kiel, 2007; Kiel and Peckmann, 2007)
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